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35A
Union, United States
Runway 23
Elevation571 ft asl
Weight2,286 lbs
Fuel221 lbs
WindCalm

Flight Score

94.78 %
SC72
Greer, United States
Runway 21
Elevation850 ft asl
Weight2,257 lbs
Fuel191 lbs
29 Mar 2023 0:24 32 nm PA28 Turbo Arrow IV 30 lbs
Departure Score
97.97 %
Enroute Score
96.52 %
Arrival Score
87.31 %

What went well

Touched down at -40 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 809 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 5.6 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — at 33 %, Landing and flare profile at 46 %, −2.99 points
Enroute Climb — speed limits at 66 %, −1.16 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 2.0 ° at 65 %, −0.66 points
Departure Roll — Takeoff distance 3,898 ft at 0 %, −0.10 points

Next time

Know your rotation speed

See Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 23 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 9 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 0.3 °

Events

Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl
Departure Roll 98.48Departure roll runway 23 at 35A Union County, Troy Shelton Fie. Takeoff distance 3,898 ft 111 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 76 kn. Local weather - Temperature 53 °F. Wind 0 kn at 199 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 3,898 ft111 % of runway
92 % Liftoff speed was 76 knTarget 70 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 4.0 ft3.5 ft left to 0.5 ft right -0.2 1.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 99.82Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 23 35A Union County, Troy Shelton Fie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 87 kn76 kn min to max 94 kn 76 94 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.1 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.99 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 422 ft/m262 ft/m min to max 528 ft/m 262 528 ft/m
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 0 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.2 ° min to max 3.7 ° -0.2 3.7 °
Departure Climb 2 99.52Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 23 35A Union County, Troy Shelton Fie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn95 kn min to max 113 kn 95 113 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.9 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.96 g min to max 1.09 g 1.04 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 810 ft/m536 ft/m min to max 1,453 ft/m 536 1,453 ft/m
Info Average altitude 122 ft agl70 ft agl min to max 390 ft agl 70 390 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.1 °3.8 ° min to max 7.0 ° 3.8 7.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 175 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 218 ft agl · 104 kt
Departure Climb 3 92.05Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 23 35A Union County, Troy Shelton Fie.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° -0.9 1.7 °
100 % Average speed 117 kn114 kn min to max 123 kn 114 123 kn
60 % Average bank angle 7.7 °0.0 ° min to max 17.1 ° 0.0 17.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,605 ft/m1,421 ft/m min to max 1,733 ft/m 1,529 1,610 ft/m
Info Average altitude 645 ft agl382 ft agl min to max 920 ft agl 382 920 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °5.6 ° min to max 7.1 ° 6.7 5.7 °
Enroute Climb 86.08Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of 35A Union County, Troy Shelton Fie Union (South Carolina, United States). Climbing from 1,549 ft asl to 3,702 ft asl, an increase of 2,153 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
66 % Climb speed 145 kn124 kn min to max 157 knTarget 120 kn 124 150 kn
100 % Average bank angle 13.0 °0.2 ° min to max 20.7 ° 17.7 14.6 °
98 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.28 g 0.96 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,111 ft/m67 ft/m min to max 3,454 ft/m 1,487 358 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,443 ft asl1,549 ft asl min to max 3,702 ft asl 1,549 3,702 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-2.5 ° min to max 11.9 ° 4.7 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile west of Buffalo (Union County, South Carolina, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,832 ft asl3,668 ft asl min to max 3,964 ft asl 3,707 3,929 ft asl
100 % Average speed 166 kn158 kn min to max 172 kn 158 170 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.1 ° min to max 13.9 ° 13.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-4.0 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.4 -2.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 4 miles east of 3SC4 Crooked Fence Farm Woodruff (South Carolina, United States). Descent from 3,915 ft asl to 2,728 ft asl, a decrease of 1,187 ft in 3 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 174 kn170 kn min to max 177 kn 171 170 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.1 ° min to max 14.2 ° 1.0 12.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -329 ft/m-859 ft/m min to max 130 ft/m -76 130 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,382 ft asl2,724 ft asl min to max 3,915 ft asl 3,915 2,728 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.6 °-5.5 ° min to max -1.9 ° -2.8 -1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles west of Woodruff (Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,696 ft asl2,560 ft asl min to max 2,769 ft asl 2,732 2,560 ft asl
100 % Average speed 166 kn165 kn min to max 169 kn 169 167 kn
100 % Average bank angle 11.4 °8.2 ° min to max 13.3 ° 12.8 11.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-4.4 ° min to max -1.6 ° -1.8 -4.4 °
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 2 miles west of Woodruff (Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 138 kn97 kn min to max 162 kn 162 101 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.9 °0.0 ° min to max 27.0 ° 11.4 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -230 ft/m-990 ft/m min to max 694 ft/m -534 -74 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,081 ft asl1,117 ft asl min to max 2,551 ft asl 2,551 1,117 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-5.8 ° min to max 0.3 ° -4.4 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 465 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 430 ft agl · 109 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 276 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival Final 1 92.11Approaching runway 21 at SC72 Chandelle from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 268 ft agl to 16 ft agl. A decrease of 251 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Approach angle 2.0 °1.1 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.4 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn86 kn min to max 100 kn 100 86 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 3.7 ° 0.8 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -528 ft/m-711 ft/m min to max -3 ft/m -11 -424 ft/m
Info Average altitude 77 ft agl16 ft agl min to max 268 ft agl 268 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-4.8 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.0 -1.4 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 64.10Landing on runway 21 at SC72 Chandelle, runway length 3,282 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 86 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Threshold speed was well above target at 86 kn. Target 75 kn
46 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.9 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.13 g 1.04 0.95 g
Info Average speed 82 kn77 kn min to max 86 kn 86 77 kn
Info Average VSI -210 ft/m-416 ft/m min to max -26 ft/m -416 -39 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 15 ft agl 15 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.3 ° -1.4 0.1 °
025050075001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft0250500750-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 94.99Touchdown distance was good at 798 ft. Touchdown speed at 77 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -40 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 53 °F. Wind 3 kn at 220 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -40 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 798 ftTarget 1,500 ft
75 % Speed at touchdown 77 knTarget 66 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 5.6 ft5.3 ft right -5.0 -5.6 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.11 g 0.96 1.00 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 76 kn76 kn min to max 77 kn 77 76 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.5 °
Arrival Rollout 98.02Total landing distance 1,729 ft, 53 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,729 ft53 % of runway.
96 % Runway alignment max 9.2 ft0.0 ft left to 9.2 ft right -5.6 -2.9 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average speed 68 kn38 kn min to max 72 kn 72 38 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 14 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn2 kn min to max 32 kn 32 3 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max 1.1 ° -0.1 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.3 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 75 kt with −0.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF-0.2° off4° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 6 kt 0.0° 0 s
Liftoff889 ft 75 kt -0.2° 11.6 s
35 ft1,745 ft · 5.8 s after liftoff 94 kt 3.7° 17.4 s
End of Climb 38,641 ft · 920 ft 123 kt 5.7° 55.4 s

Takeoff from 35A 23

Takeoff roll100.00
1,262ft36 %
Liftoff speed92.38
75kt
Runway alignment100.00
3.5ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.82
421fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 920 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 1,388 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,260 fpm on average to 920 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 75 ktSCALE CHANGES0.9 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,517 ft runway.

Rolled from 383 ft in, never more than 4 ft off the centreline. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 3.5 ft LROLL 383 FT INAirborne 1,273 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,273 ft of 3,517 ft · 36 %
Behind the start of the roll, 383 ftTakeoff roll, 889 ft Left ahead, 2,244 ft

The approach to SC72 21

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 330 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND994853595454274196
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 3,530 ft left of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3534 ft L2740 ft L1497 ft L448 ft L9 ft L20 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on SC72 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height33.16
14ft
Threshold speed77.33
86kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
809ft
Centreline99.40
5.6ft R
Speed75.42
76kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-40fpm
Impact100.00
1.11G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 607 ft30 kt · 1,105 fttouchdown1,149 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 3,282 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 14 ft, 36 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 809 ft in, 191 ft short of the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 3,282 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

14 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −40 fpm · 0.1° nose up · 77 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 14 ft, down at 809 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 270 fpm at 16 ft to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−40 fpm at touchdown0.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 3,282 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 6 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 9 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 809 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 809 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,667 ft of 3,282 ft · 51 %
In the air over the runway, 809 ftRollout, 858 ft Left over, 1,615 ft
Rollout distance100.00
858ft50 % used
Rollout alignment95.60
9.2ft R

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