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LILO
Caiolo, Italy
Runway 26
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel450 lbs

Flight Score

98.82 %
LSZS
Samedan, Switzerland
Runway 21
Elevation5,587 ft asl
Weight4,083 lbs
Fuel361 lbs
Wind178° · 8 kn · 4 kn cross
8 Nov 2023 0:15 30 nm M500 89 lbs
Departure Score
98.40 %
Enroute Score
99.75 %
Arrival Score
97.98 %

What went well

Touched down at -103 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,646 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 51 ft and 87 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 7.8 ° at 85 %, −0.34 points
Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 81 %, −0.32 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 17.9 ft at 92 %, −0.24 points

Next time

Avoid steep turns at low altitude

See Departure Climb 3

Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 LILO Sondrio Caiolo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.3 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 94 kn76 kn min to max 106 kn 76 106 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.6 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.97 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 600 ft/m297 ft/m min to max 877 ft/m 297 877 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 4 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-1.2 ° min to max 7.3 ° -0.8 7.3 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 82 kt
Departure Climb 2 98.22Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 LILO Sondrio Caiolo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.7 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.7 1.1 °
100 % Average speed 109 kn106 kn min to max 118 kn 106 118 kn
93 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.4 ° min to max 4.7 ° 1.7 4.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 1.04 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,173 ft/m885 ft/m min to max 2,150 ft/m 885 2,150 ft/m
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl60 ft agl min to max 387 ft agl 60 387 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.2 °7.3 ° min to max 11.3 ° 7.3 11.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 51 ft agl · 109 kt
Departure Climb 3 96.97Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 LILO Sondrio Caiolo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-3.4 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 -3.4 °
100 % Average speed 123 kn119 kn min to max 128 kn 119 128 kn
85 % Average bank angle 5.5 °1.2 ° min to max 7.8 ° 5.5 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.00 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,089 ft/m1,976 ft/m min to max 2,243 ft/m 2,220 2,136 ft/m
Info Average altitude 692 ft agl412 ft agl min to max 966 ft agl 412 966 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °9.2 ° min to max 11.3 ° 11.3 9.6 °
Enroute Climb 99.89Enroute climb started overhead Cedrasco (Provincia di Sondrio, Lombardia, Italy). Climbing from 1,906 ft asl to 11,952 ft asl, an increase of 10,046 ft in 6 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 159 kn129 kn min to max 177 kn 129 177 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.6 °0.1 ° min to max 25.3 ° 0.6 7.2 °
99 % Average g force 1.02 g0.73 g min to max 1.14 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,569 ft/m-364 ft/m min to max 2,451 ft/m 2,177 -10 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7,157 ft asl1,906 ft asl min to max 11,987 ft asl 1,906 11,952 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °-2.0 ° min to max 9.8 ° 9.7 -1.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5,141 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4,260 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,868 ft agl · 205 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles south east of Sils-Segl Maria (Region Maloja, Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 11,935 ft asl11,776 ft asl min to max 11,999 ft asl 11,955 11,776 ft asl
100 % Average speed 182 kn155 kn min to max 191 kn 180 155 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 9.8 ° 2.9 7.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-3.6 ° min to max 2.8 ° -1.7 -3.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,918 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 6,259 ft agl · 220 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Samedan (Region Maloja, Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland). Descent from 11,744 ft asl to 11,183 ft asl, a decrease of 561 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 156 kn154 kn min to max 158 kn 154 158 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.9 °5.5 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.1 5.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,972 ft/m-2,016 ft/m min to max -1,867 ft/m -1,871 -1,867 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11,459 ft asl11,183 ft asl min to max 11,744 ft asl 11,744 11,183 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.6 °-6.4 ° min to max -4.0 ° -4.0 -5.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile north of Samedan (Region Maloja, Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 153 kn151 kn min to max 157 kn 157 152 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °5.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 5.4 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.87 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -1,851 ft/m-2,136 ft/m min to max -1,659 ft/m -1,827 -2,136 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10,900 ft asl10,712 ft asl min to max 11,155 ft asl 11,155 10,712 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-5.8 ° min to max -3.6 ° -5.1 -5.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 98.86Enroute climb started 3 miles north of Samedan (Region Maloja, Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland). Climbing from 10,476 ft asl to 6,079 ft asl, an increase of 4,397 ft in 3 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 129 kn97 kn min to max 163 kn 155 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 10.8 °0.1 ° min to max 33.1 ° 5.4 3.4 °
89 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.45 g 0.94 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -1,449 ft/m-3,877 ft/m min to max 541 ft/m -3,126 -734 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7,927 ft asl6,079 ft asl min to max 10,476 ft asl 10,476 6,079 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.7 °-12.2 ° min to max 2.7 ° -8.3 -3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,408 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,070 ft agl · 148 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,224 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,147 ft agl · 125 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Samedan (Region Maloja, Kanton Graubunden, Switzerland). Descent from 6,067 ft asl to 5,667 ft asl, a decrease of 400 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 96 kn90 kn min to max 102 kn 100 90 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -797 ft/m-1,059 ft/m min to max -671 ft/m -728 -851 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,851 ft asl5,667 ft asl min to max 6,067 ft asl 6,067 5,667 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.5 °-5.4 ° min to max -2.6 ° -3.4 -2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 99.95Approaching runway 21 at LSZS Samedan from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 80 ft agl to 51 ft agl. A decrease of 30 ft in 1 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99.7 % Approach angle 3.6 °3.4 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn88 kn min to max 90 kn 90 88 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.7 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -792 ft/m-851 ft/m min to max -780 ft/m -851 -794 ft/m
Info Average altitude 63 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 80 ft agl 80 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-3.0 ° min to max -2.6 ° -2.6 -3.0 °
00.250.50.751050Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 95.13Landing on runway 21 at LSZS Samedan, runway length 5,683 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 88 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 88 kn. Target 90 kn
81 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 0.97 0.89 g
Info Average speed 81 kn72 kn min to max 88 kn 88 72 kn
Info Average VSI -324 ft/m-877 ft/m min to max 35 ft/m -797 -91 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 51 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-3.4 ° min to max 3.2 ° -3.1 0.2 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,75001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,750-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 98.46Touchdown point was 212 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 72 kn was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -91 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °F. Wind 8 kn at 178 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Headwind: 7 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Touchdown VSI was -91 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,644 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 knTarget 74 kn
98 % Runway alignment max 6.8 ft6.2 ft right -6.6 -5.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.4 °
97 % Average g force 1.14 g0.89 g min to max 1.31 g 0.89 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 72 kn71 kn min to max 72 kn 72 71 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °0.1 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.7 °
Arrival Rollout 96.33Total landing distance 2,334 ft, 41 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,334 ft41 % of runway.
92 % Runway alignment max 17.9 ft12.7 ft left to 5.2 ft right -5.2 12.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.00 g
Info Average speed 63 kn38 kn min to max 70 kn 70 38 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.7 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 24 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kn8 kn min to max 33 kn 33 9 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -1.6 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.97 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 32 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 31 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 31 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn10 kn min to max 11 kn 10 10 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-1.7 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.3 -1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.3 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 4 kt

Takeoff

100.00Rate of climb599 fpm

The approach to LSZS 21

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to 3.7 nm (up to 1,040 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,3611,259980664531317
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 3,760 ft left of the centreline, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3748 ft L2096 ft L1055 ft L649 ft L78 ft L19 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LSZS 21

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
51ft
Threshold speed100.00
87kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,646ft
Centreline98.06
6.8ft R
Speed100.00
72kt
Touchdown rate95.71
-103fpm
Impact96.57
1.31G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

4 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 72 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 178° at 8 kt · 7 kt head · 4 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 71 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.22 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 311 ft30 kt · 793 fttouchdown824 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,646 ft in, 646 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

51 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −90 fpm · 0.2° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 51 ft, down at 1,646 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 920 fpm at 55 ft to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−4°3°10°touchdown−90 fpm at touchdown0.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,683 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 ft right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 12 ft left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 4 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,646 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,646 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 2,268 ft of 5,683 ft · 40 %
In the air over the runway, 1,646 ftRollout, 622 ft Left over, 3,415 ft
Rollout distance100.00
622ft40 % used
Rollout alignment91.85
12.7ft L

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