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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Use small rudder inputs against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline during rollout.
What happened: During the rollout the aircraft drifted 13 m off the centreline.
Watch for: Runway centreline marks: hold the aircraft tracking straight down the centreline through rollout
See Arrival Rollout
The rudder input is a changing profile through the roll rather than one that is held. So the demand on your right foot starts large at power application, eases as speed builds and the rudder gains authority, then jumps again at rotation.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 88 kt with 9.2° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 95 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,854 m of runway left.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,455 m runway.
Rolled from 1,085 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 7.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 7.9 m left, in 7 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.2 nm out at 122 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Low: turned crosswind at 221 ft, before the end of the runway, below the 500 ft minimum.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkHigh on downwind: 1,178 ft against 1,000 ft, 178 ft above.
Downwind. Parallel to the runway, opposite the landing direction, at pattern altitude and roughly 90 kt. The single most important moment of the entire circuit is the point abeam your intended touchdown point. Power back (around 1,700 RPM in a 172 works as a starting value to calibrate), first stage of flap, pre-landing flow, and re-trim. Everything from abeam to touchdown is one continuous energy problem. Arrive at the abeam point high or fast and you'll pay for it ninety seconds later in the flare, which is why analysing only the touchdown so often misdiagnoses the fault.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 140 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 74 m right of the centreline at 1.2 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −3 kt and +5 kt on the approach speed of 88 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
8 kt across from the left, which takes about 6° of crab to hold the centreline at 79 kt. Touched down with 6° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 200° at 9 kt · 3 kt head · 8 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 23 ft, 27 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 16 ft. Touched down 203 m in, 102 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 360 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,455 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.6 m left of the centreline and drifted to 13 m left on the rollout, back to 1.8 m left by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 203 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Pilatus PC-12 departed from runway 26 at EETN Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport. Take-off was performed after a roll of 1,284 m (37 % of the runway) and liftoff occurred at 88 kt. Local weather at departure was 9 °C with wind 8 kt from 200°, giving a 7 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind component.
Initial climb to 400 ft agl lasted 11 seconds, averaging 428 fpm and reaching 109 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then entered a left-hand circuit for runway 26. The downwind leg was 2 nm and was flown in 60 seconds at 1,180 ft agl; the base leg was less than 1 nm and was completed in 16 seconds.
On final approach to runway 26 the descent began from 500 ft agl to 26 ft agl in 50 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 500 ft were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope and speed. The approach was not scored on a circuit; the stabilisation gate is shown for reference only.
Landing was made on runway 26, whose length is 3,455 m. The threshold height was good and the threshold speed was 85 kt, described as good. The flare was noted as a perfect landing flare. Touchdown occurred at 79 kt, a good speed, with a touchdown distance of 202 m and a touchdown rate of minus 77 fpm, described as excellent. Runway-touchdown alignment was very good and there was no bounce on touchdown. Total landing distance was 703 m, 20 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 12.8 m.
Local weather at landing was 8 °C with wind 8 kt from 199°, giving a 7 kt cross-wind component and a 3 kt head-wind component. After landing the aircraft taxied to parking in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.
The entire flight covered 7 nm, lasted 4 minutes and used 14 kg of fuel.
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