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LIDR
Ravenna (RA), Italy
Runway 08
Elevation0 ft asl
Weight1,209 kg
Fuel140 kg
Wind130° · 4 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

98.67 %
LIPR
Rimini, Italy
Runway 31
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,188 kg
Fuel117 kg
Wind190° · 5 kn · 5 kn cross
4 Oct 2025 0:44 81 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 22 kg
Departure Score
96.89 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
99.12 %

What went well

Touched down at -58 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 184 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 6 ft and 75 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Runway alignment max 8.86 m right at 79 %, −0.47 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 11.2 ° at 76 %, −0.40 points
Departure Climb 2 — scored 98.76 %, −0.10 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 2.6°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 20 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 08 at LIDR Ravenna Airport, Average speed was 22 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 0 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Roll 94.40Departure roll runway 08 at LIDR Ravenna Airport. Takeoff distance 253 m 21 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kt. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 4 kt at 129 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 253 m21 % of runway
93 % Liftoff speed was 70 ktTarget 60 kt
79 % Runway alignment max 8.86 m right0.00 m left to 8.86 m right -3.36 -6.72 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.18 g 1.00 1.18 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.4 ° min to max 8.7 ° 1.1 8.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
Departure Climb 1 99.24Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08 LIDR Ravenna Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.9 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 72 kt69 kt min to max 74 kt 69 73 kt
97 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.5 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.30 g 1.21 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 438 fpm370 fpm min to max 552 fpm 376 552 fpm
Info Average altitude 25 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 0 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °7.1 ° min to max 10.5 ° 9.1 9.5 °
Departure Climb 2 98.76Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08 LIDR Ravenna Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.4 °-1.9 ° min to max -0.9 ° -0.9 -1.9 °
100 % Average speed 74 kt73 kt min to max 80 kt 73 80 kt
95 % Average bank angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.1 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 676 fpm558 fpm min to max 843 fpm 558 614 fpm
Info Average altitude 128 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 400 ft agl 53 400 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.5 °8.0 ° min to max 10.5 ° 9.6 8.7 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 56 ft agl · 74 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 362 ft agl · 78 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.18Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 08 LIDR Ravenna Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.6 °-2.4 ° min to max -1.3 ° -1.8 -2.4 °
100 % Average speed 88 kt80 kt min to max 92 kt 80 89 kt
76 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 11.2 ° 1.0 10.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.21 g 0.97 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 724 fpm342 fpm min to max 1,386 fpm 563 811 fpm
Info Average altitude 658 ft agl409 ft agl min to max 931 ft agl 409 931 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °7.2 ° min to max 12.8 ° 8.8 9.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Classe (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 955 ft asl to 1,473 ft asl, an increase of 518 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kt86 kt min to max 123 kt 88 123 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.2 ° min to max 10.7 ° 10.7 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.07 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 368 fpm-318 fpm min to max 840 fpm 734 -306 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,344 ft asl955 ft asl min to max 1,509 ft asl 955 1,473 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °0.1 ° min to max 9.6 ° 8.4 0.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Classe (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±573 ft of 1,429 ft asl1,337 ft asl min to max 1,760 ft asl 1,468 1,760 ft asl
100 % Average speed 126 kt112 kt min to max 133 kt 123 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.0 ° min to max 13.4 ° 0.9 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.14 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.5 5.6 °

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,524 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,524 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,530 ft agl · 125 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,546 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles east of Marina Romea (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,771 ft asl to 6,957 ft asl, an increase of 5,186 ft in 9 minutes and covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kt84 kt min to max 111 kt 111 106 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 21.8 ° 1.0 15.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 523 fpm-70 fpm min to max 765 fpm 681 53 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,504 ft asl1,771 ft asl min to max 6,957 ft asl 1,771 6,957 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °2.8 ° min to max 9.0 ° 5.5 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,148 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,873 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 6,873 ft agl · 99 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 19 miles east of Marina Romea (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 7 minutes, covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±848 ft of 6,951 ft asl6,800 ft asl min to max 6,967 ft asl 6,958 6,800 ft asl
100 % Average speed 114 kt106 kt min to max 121 kt 106 121 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.1 °0.0 ° min to max 22.8 ° 18.5 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 3.0 -0.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 6,966 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 6,966 ft agl · 129 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 20 miles north east of Bellaria-Igea Marina (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 6,792 ft asl to 5,936 ft asl, a decrease of 857 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 125 kt122 kt min to max 130 kt 122 125 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 8.2 ° 7.6 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -505 fpm-686 fpm min to max -19 fpm -487 -19 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,482 ft asl5,936 ft asl min to max 6,792 ft asl 6,792 5,936 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.2 ° min to max 1.6 ° -0.1 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,027 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 6,027 ft agl · 143 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 17 miles north east of Riccione (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±797 ft of 5,928 ft asl5,853 ft asl min to max 5,947 ft asl 5,931 5,853 ft asl
100 % Average speed 112 kt107 kt min to max 122 kt 121 122 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.5 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 1.8 -0.2 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5,926 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5,946 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 5,946 ft agl · 130 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 7 miles north east of Gabicce Mare (Marche, Italy). Descent from 5,773 ft asl to 2,946 ft asl, a decrease of 2,828 ft in 5 minutes and covering 10 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 131 kt114 kt min to max 133 kt 124 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.4 °0.0 ° min to max 24.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -627 fpm-769 fpm min to max -10 fpm -473 -16 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,817 ft asl2,945 ft asl min to max 5,773 ft asl 5,773 2,946 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° -0.3 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,049 ft agl · 139 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,049 ft agl · 139 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Pesaro (Marche, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±647 ft of 2,953 ft asl2,946 ft asl min to max 2,956 ft asl 2,946 2,949 ft asl
100 % Average speed 116 kt115 kt min to max 120 kt 115 115 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.3 °0.0 ° min to max 21.6 ° 0.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °1.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 1.8 2.4 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Gradara (Marche, Italy). Descent from 2,945 ft asl to 1,286 ft asl, a decrease of 1,659 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 100 kt95 kt min to max 113 kt 113 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -509 fpm-787 fpm min to max 89 fpm 6 -536 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,817 ft asl1,286 ft asl min to max 2,960 ft asl 2,945 1,286 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-2.2 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 -0.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,663 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,719 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,741 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,744 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,818 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,818 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,818 ft agl · 108 kt
Arrival Final 4 99.88Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,251 ft agl to 943 ft agl. A decrease of 308 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt94 kt min to max 100 kt 100 94 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.3 -0.4 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.1 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -526 fpm-766 fpm min to max -217 fpm -536 -365 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,078 ft agl943 ft agl min to max 1,251 ft agl 1,251 943 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° -0.4 0.2 °
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 99.82Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 936 ft agl to 680 ft agl. A decrease of 257 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °2.9 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.1 °
100 % Average speed 100 kt95 kt min to max 105 kt 95 104 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.2 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.7 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.77 g min to max 1.14 g 1.04 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -445 fpm-1,067 fpm min to max -178 fpm -384 -751 fpm
Info Average altitude 837 ft agl680 ft agl min to max 936 ft agl 936 680 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-3.3 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.6 -1.5 °
22.252.52.7536006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 98.23Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 668 ft agl to 324 ft agl. A decrease of 344 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °3.0 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 105 kt104 kt min to max 106 kt 104 105 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.2 -0.4 °
91 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.1 ° min to max 6.3 ° 1.6 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -627 fpm-766 fpm min to max -551 fpm -695 -610 fpm
Info Average altitude 500 ft agl324 ft agl min to max 668 ft agl 668 324 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-2.9 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.5 -2.2 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 98.44Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 315 ft agl to 16 ft agl. A decrease of 299 ft in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.6 °0.5 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt76 kt min to max 104 kt 104 76 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.3 0.0 °
92 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 1.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.13 g 1.03 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -484 fpm-976 fpm min to max -302 fpm -583 -376 fpm
Info Average altitude 72 ft agl16 ft agl min to max 315 ft agl 315 16 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-4.3 ° min to max 2.5 ° -2.0 2.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 98.33Landing on runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport, runway length 2,376 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly above target at 76 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly above target at 76 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
93 % Great landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.00 m right0.00 m left to 0.00 m right 0.00 0.00 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 1.04 0.94 g
Info Average speed 72 kt68 kt min to max 76 kt 76 68 kt
Info Average VSI -123 fpm-372 fpm min to max -17 fpm -372 -49 fpm
Info Average altitude 4 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 7 ft agl 7 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.8 °2.6 ° min to max 5.8 ° 2.6 4.6 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 184 m. Touchdown speed at 68 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -49 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 8 kt at 190 °. Crosswind: 7 kt Tailwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -49 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 184 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 68 ktTarget below 69 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.29 m left0.07 m left -0.07 0.29 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 0.94 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 68 kt68 kt min to max 68 kt 68 68 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °4.5 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.6 4.7 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 8.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF8.3° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH020406080 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 42 kt 1.1° 0 s
Liftoff252 m · target 60 69 kt 8.3° 8.8 s
35 ft420 m · 4.7 s after liftoff 73 kt 8.0° 13.5 s
End of Climb 33,601 m · 932 ft 89 kt 9.1° 89 s

Takeoff from LIDR 08

Takeoff roll100.00
521m44 %
Liftoff speed93.18
69kttarget 60, 9 fast
Runway alignment78.82
8.86m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.24
437fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 932 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 505 m of runway left; then climbing at 700 fpm on average to 932 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 ktSCALE CHANGES2.7 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,193 m runway.

Rolled from 267 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 8.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.9 m right. Airborne 43 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 8.91 m RROLL 267 M INAirborne 519 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 519 m of 1,193 m · 44 %
Behind the start of the roll, 267 mTakeoff roll, 252 m Left ahead, 674 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.5 nm, about 170 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPR 31

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 70 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,2887333691711,000 ft gate7 of 7988 ft · 97 kt500 ft gate7 of 7582 ft · 104 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 7× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 56 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR140 m L0140 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND54 m R23 m R20 m R9 m R43 m R10 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.5 nm, then fast to 0.5 nm (up to +25 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 81+19 kt+23 kt+24 kt+15 kt−5 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPR 31

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
6ft
Threshold speed100.00
75kttarget 81, 6 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.00m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
184m
Centreline100.00
0.29m L
Speed100.00
68kttarget 79 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-58fpm
Impact100.00
1.05G
BouncesOk
None
The flare93.33

Great landing flare

The crosswind

4 kt across from the left, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 68 kt. Touched down with the nose 4° into wind, wings level.

Wind 190° at 5 kt · 3 kt tail · 4 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 6 ft, 44 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 184 m in, 121 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

6 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −58 fpm · 4.6° nose up · 68 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 6 ft, down at 184 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 290 fpm at 4 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−58 fpm at touchdown4.6° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,376 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 4 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 184 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 184 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 184 m of 2,376 m · 8 %
In the air over the runway, 184 mRollout, 0 m Left over, 2,192 m

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft departed from runway 08 at LIDR Ravenna Airport, Italy. The takeoff distance was 253 meters, which is 21% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 70 knots, and the local weather conditions at the time of departure were a temperature of 19 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 4 knots from a direction of 129 degrees.

After departing the airport, the aircraft began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile east of Classe, Italy. The climb took the aircraft from an altitude of 955 feet above sea level to 1,473 feet, an increase of 518 feet in just 1 minute, covering a distance of 3 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and cruised for 3 minutes, covering 6 nautical miles.

The aircraft continued its journey, starting another climb 2 miles east of Marina Romea, Italy. This climb took the aircraft from an altitude of 1,771 feet to 6,957 feet, an increase of 5,186 feet in 9 minutes, covering a distance of 16 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and cruised for 7 minutes, covering another 16 nautical miles.

As the aircraft approached its destination, it began its descent, starting 20 miles northeast of Bellaria-Igea Marina, Italy. The descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 6,792 feet to 5,936 feet, a decrease of 857 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and cruised for 5 minutes, covering 10 nautical miles.

The aircraft continued its descent, starting 7 miles northeast of Gabicce Mare, Italy. This descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 5,773 feet to 2,946 feet, a decrease of 2,828 feet in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 10 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and cruised for 3 minutes, covering 5 nautical miles.

The aircraft began its final descent, starting 2 miles southeast of Gradara, Italy. This descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 2,945 feet to 1,286 feet, a decrease of 1,659 feet in 4 minutes, covering a distance of 6 nautical miles.

The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport, flying from the southeast at a heading of 308.0 degrees and an altitude of 1,251 feet above ground level. The aircraft landed on the runway, which was 2,376 meters long, with a good threshold height. The threshold speed was slightly above the target speed at 76 knots, but the touchdown distance was good at 182 meters, and the touchdown speed was 68 knots, which was good. The touchdown rate was perfect at -49 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was perfect.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots from a direction of 190 degrees. The crosswind was 7 knots, and the tailwind was 4 knots.

The total flight distance was 81 nautical miles, and the flight took 44 minutes to complete. The aircraft used 22 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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