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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Start bringing the nose up as the speed reaches 86 kt, not after it.
What happened: You started the rotation at 121 kt, 35 kt past the 86 kt rotation speed.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 86 kt at rotation
See Departure Roll
Arrival
On downwind, use small aileron and rudder corrections to hold the wings-parallel heading against the runway.
What happened: On the downwind leg the heading drifted -12° off the runway-parallel track.
Watch for: Heading indicator: parallel to the runway on downwind.
See Pattern Downwind
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 13 in the score
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 121 kt, 35 kt above the 86 kt target, and lifted off at 128 kt 1.2 s later, the nose coming up at 3.6° a second.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 708 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,192 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,870 fpm on average to 708 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 3,284 m runway.
Rolled from 73 m in, drifted 9.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 24 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.3 nm out at 128 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Off heading: 12° from the leg's heading on average.
Spacing cues are relative to your eyepoint, so two simmers with different FOV settings following the same wingtip cue fly patterns half a mile different in width, and a wide FOV compresses depth so the runway on base looks further away than it is, biasing you towards a late turn. Pick a camera position and FOV, save it, and never change it, because every judgement you calibrate is calibrated to that picture.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 140 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 358 m right of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then inside the band from 1.0 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 24 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 14 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +6 kt on the approach speed of 96 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 8° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 001° at 3 kt · 1 kt head · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 84 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 14 s, an average deceleration of 0.21 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 37 ft, 13 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 35 ft. Touched down 420 m in, 115 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 400 fpm at the flare to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,284 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 2.4 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 420 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Beechcraft King Air 350 taxied to runway 05R at Auckland International Airport and commenced its departure roll. The aircraft used 811 m of runway, representing 25 % of the available length, and lifted off at 129 kt. Ambient conditions were 34 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 001°, giving a 3 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt head-wind component.
During the final approach descent the aircraft reduced altitude from 560 ft AGL to 44 ft AGL in 43 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gate criteria.
The aircraft continued the final approach to runway 05R, now under local weather of 32 °C and a wind of 5 kt from 000°, providing a 5 kt cross-wind and a 2 kt head-wind component.
Touch-down occurred on runway 05R, whose length is 3 284 m. The threshold speed was slightly below the target at 93 kt, while the actual touchdown speed was 82 kt. The aircraft landed 419 m from the threshold, with a smooth vertical rate of minus 127 fpm and perfect runway alignment. The total landing distance measured 680 m, equivalent to 21 % of the runway, and the rollout alignment remained perfect.
The rollout phase proceeded without deviation, maintaining the precise runway centreline until the aircraft came to a stop.
In total the flight covered 12 nm, required 7 minutes of elapsed time, and consumed 36 kg of fuel.
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