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KSEA
Seattle, United States
Runway 16L
Elevation430 ft asl
Weight863 kg
Fuel67 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

93.87 %
KBFI
Seattle, United States
Runway 32L
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight862 kg
Fuel66 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
21 Nov 2024 0:05 5 nm Cessna C172 1 kg
Departure Score
87.14 %
Enroute Score
97.43 %
Arrival Score
97.04 %

What went well

Touched down at -56 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 39 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.03 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Departure Roll — Runway alignment max 94.21 m at 0 %, −2.22 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 26.1 ° at 37 %, −1.76 points
Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 44.8 ° at 91 %, −0.64 points

Top opportunity

Maintain the centreline

Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 11 stages, 10 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 80.00Departure roll runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Takeoff distance 466 m 13 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 466 m13 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 62 knTarget 65 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 94.21 m90.77 m left to 3.44 m right 90.77 -3.44 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.90 g min to max 1.08 g 0.90 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.1 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.0 5.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 5.5 ° 0.0 5.5 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 97.26Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 66 kn62 kn min to max 69 kn 62 69 kn
89 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 5.6 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.09 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 557 ft/m350 ft/m min to max 642 ft/m 350 623 ft/m
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 1 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °5.2 ° min to max 8.5 ° 5.2 6.9 °
Departure Climb 2 84.15Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.7 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 73 kn69 kn min to max 77 kn 69 72 kn
37 % Average bank angle 4.6 °1.2 ° min to max 26.1 ° 2.7 26.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.15 g 0.97 1.12 g
Info Average VSI 617 ft/m523 ft/m min to max 1,368 ft/m 620 1,368 ft/m
Info Average altitude 93 ft agl50 ft agl min to max 331 ft agl 50 331 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °5.9 ° min to max 14.6 ° 6.9 14.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 234 ft agl · 81 kt
Enroute Climb 96.17Enroute climb started overhead SeaTac (Washington, United States). Climbing from 744 ft asl to 968 ft asl, an increase of 224 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 77 kn69 kn min to max 83 kn 71 80 kn
91 % Average bank angle 33.6 °1.7 ° min to max 44.8 ° 29.7 1.7 °
99.7 % Average g force 1.23 g0.94 g min to max 1.51 g 1.09 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 760 ft/m11 ft/m min to max 1,426 ft/m 1,426 1,211 ft/m
Info Average altitude 844 ft asl744 ft asl min to max 968 ft asl 744 968 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °4.2 ° min to max 14.6 ° 14.6 9.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 98.69Enroute level cruise started overhead SeaTac (Washington, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Average altitude 1,135 ft asl439 ft asl min to max 1,486 ft asl 986 439 ft asl
100 % Average speed 89 kn79 kn min to max 99 kn 79 83 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.5 ° min to max 13.2 ° 7.5 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.16 g 0.93 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-8.8 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.8 -5.6 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 935 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 935 ft agl · 104 kt
Arrival 100.00Arrival started overhead SeaTac (Washington, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 72 kn62 kn min to max 83 kn 83 62 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 1.3 3.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.08 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -590 ft/m-1,105 ft/m min to max -359 ft/m -1,060 -383 ft/m
Info Average altitude 249 ft asl121 ft asl min to max 421 ft asl 421 121 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-6.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° -5.9 0.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 100.00Approaching runway 32L at KBFI Boeing Field King County International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 98 ft agl to 3 ft agl. A decrease of 96 ft in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.1 °0.3 ° min to max 1.8 °Target 3.1 ° 1.8 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 61 kn58 kn min to max 63 kn 62 58 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -309 ft/m-489 ft/m min to max -67 ft/m -406 -67 ft/m
Info Average altitude 43 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 98 ft agl 98 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-0.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.1 4.4 °
00.250.50.751050100150200Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 95.80Landing on runway 32L at KBFI Boeing Field King County International Airport, runway length 2,773 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 58 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 58 kn. Target 70 kn
100 % Target 50 ft agl
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.1 °
93 % Average bank angle 3.6 °2.5 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.5 4.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average speed 57 kn57 kn min to max 58 kn 58 57 kn
Info Average VSI -53 ft/m-65 ft/m min to max -49 ft/m -65 -53 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 1 ft agl 1 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °3.9 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 3.9 °
0112233445501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft01122334455-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.22Touchdown distance was good at 37 m. Touchdown speed at 57 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -53 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -53 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 37 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 57 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.85 m2.69 m right -2.85 -2.46 m
64 % Average bank angle 3.9 °1.7 ° min to max 4.9 ° 4.8 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.97 1.01 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 56 kn56 kn min to max 57 kn 57 56 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 1.1 °
Arrival Rollout 97.15Total landing distance 272 m, 10 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 272 m10 % of runway.
94 % Runway alignment max 7.10 m4.79 m left to 2.31 m right -2.31 3.46 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average speed 56 kn35 kn min to max 62 kn 62 35 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.9 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.6 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 55 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 25 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 35 kn6 kn min to max 63 kn 31 63 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.0 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 0.97 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll466 m · 13 %
100.00Liftoff speed62 kt
0.00Runway alignment90.77 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
97.26Rate of climb556 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

86.04Threshold speed57 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.02 m R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on KBFI 32L

Past threshold100.00
39m
Centreline100.00
2.46m R
Speed100.00
56kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-56fpm
Impact100.00
1.03G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

0 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 0 ft, down at 39 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,773 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 39 m past threshold CLEARED

The 39 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 253 m of 2,773 m · 9 %
Rollout distance100.00
213m9 % used
Rollout alignment93.66
4.79m L

The rest of the report

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Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in the Cessna 172
87.14 %
80 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Takeoff distance 466 m 13 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 62 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 2 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 466 m using 12.85 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 62 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
0 %
90.77 m left to 3.44 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
6 3 0
Pitch °
Info
6 4 2
02505007501,0001,250-25-20-15-10-50510152025 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
97.26 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 65 60
Bank °
89.05 %
7 3.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 7 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
84.15 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
36.61 %
27 14 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
15 10 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,400 900 400
02505007501,0001,250061122183244305 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.030.060.090.120.150100200 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.030.060.090.120.15-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 32L at KBFI Boeing Field King County International Airport in the Cessna 172
Landing Score 97.04 %
100 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 32L at KBFI Boeing Field King County International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 98 ft agl to 3 ft agl. A decrease of 96 ft in 19 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
63 56 50
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
100 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-70 -285 -500
00.250.50.751050100150200 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
95.8 %
Landing
Landing on runway 32L at KBFI Boeing Field King County International Airport, runway length 2,773 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 58 kn.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
86.04 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 58 kt. Target 70 kt
Flare
100 %
Perfect landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
92.9 %
5 3.5 2
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
58 54 50
Pitch °
Info
5 4 3
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-49 -74 -100
0112233445501123344657 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
01122334455-30-24-18-12-60612182430 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
95.22 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 37 m. Touchdown speed at 57 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -53 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -56 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 57 kt was a little fast. Target below 55 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 37 m.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was very good.
Bank
64.46 %
Bank angle 3.9 °
G
100 %
G 1.00 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
97.14 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 272 m, 10 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 272 m using 9.79 % of runway
Alignment
93.66 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
56 38 20
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
3 1.5 0
0200 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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