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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end to hold the centreline.
What happened: During the ground roll you drifted 7.8 m off the runway centreline.
Watch for: Watch runway alignment against the centreline, correcting with small rudder inputs.
See Departure Roll
Base. Turn 90 degrees towards the runway when the threshold sits about 45 degrees behind your shoulder. Descend at around 80 kt with second-stage flap. The geometry of that 45-degree cue isn't arbitrary. It produces a base leg long enough to lose roughly 500 ft at about 500 fpm before the final turn. Once you know that's what the cue is for, you can derive your own turn point for any aircraft and any speed.
Read more in Pattern WorkStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 88 kt with 9.0° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 462 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 817 m of runway left; then climbing at 970 fpm on average to 462 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,560 m runway.
Rolled from 112 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 7.8 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.2 m left. Airborne 33 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1.4 nm out at 139 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Off heading: 22° from the leg's heading on average.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkTurn onto downwind: scored 0.
The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.
Read more in Pattern WorkSpeed: 106 kt on average lost marks on the base turn.
Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.
Read more in Pattern WorkOne stabilised approach gate for a circuit: five checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.
At the 300 ft gate: speed more than 20 kt above the approach speed of 82 kt.
Still turning onto final at the lower gate, so the centreline and wings level are not asked there - the aeroplane was not lined up yet, and was banked because it was turning. The other checks are marked as usual.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: banked until 0.8 nm, right of the centreline until 0.5 nm, fast from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 210 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 573 m left of the centreline at 1.5 nm, then drifted 36 m right between 0.9 and 0.5 nm, then inside the band from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 25 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 1.5 nm, where the final began, to 0.8 nm (up to +30 kt), then inside the band to 0.5 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +24 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
3 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 89 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 189° at 14 kt · 13 kt head · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 82 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 16 s, an average deceleration of 0.18 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 22 ft, 28 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 283 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 270 fpm at 22 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,560 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 4.4 m left of the centreline and drifted to 7.7 m left on the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 283 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.08 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 21 at EGKB London Biggin Hill Airport, where the Beechcraft Baron G58 took off with a takeoff distance of 425 meters, which accounted for 27% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 89 knots. At the time of takeoff, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 16 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots from a direction of 179 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 3 knots and a headwind of 7 knots.
After taking off, the aircraft entered a left-hand pattern, which it completed in a relatively short distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 11 seconds. The pattern crosswind leg was also flown from the left, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile in 19 seconds. The aircraft then proceeded to the downwind turn, which involved a turn of 45 degrees to align with the runway. This turn covered a distance of 1 nautical mile and was completed at an angle of 87.4 degrees to the runway.
The downwind leg of the pattern was flown for 2 nautical miles in 42 seconds, after which the aircraft turned onto the base leg. This turn also involved a 45-degree angle to the runway and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The final approach to the runway was made from the north-east, with the aircraft heading 204.0 degrees at an altitude of 70 feet above ground level and a distance of 1 nautical mile from the runway.
The landing on runway 21 at EGKB London Biggin Hill Airport was completed with a touchdown distance of 283 meters, which was considered good. However, the touchdown speed of 89 knots was slightly faster than desired, and the touchdown rate of 20 feet per minute was perfect. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned from the centreline by 5.1 meters.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 17 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 13 knots from a direction of 189 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 4 knots and a headwind of 13 knots. The total landing distance was 751 meters, which accounted for 48% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned from the centreline by 8.0 meters.
In conclusion, the flight was completed with a total distance of 6 nautical miles, which was covered in 4 minutes. The aircraft used 3 kilograms of fuel during the flight. Overall, the flight was completed successfully, with the aircraft landing safely on the runway.
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