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KIWA
Mesa, United States
Runway 30L
Elevation1,339 ft asl
Weight8,961 lbs
Fuel1,572 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

78.08 %
KIWA
Mesa, United States
Runway 30L
Elevation1,339 ft asl
Weight9,571 lbs
Fuel1,574 lbs
Wind264° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross
29 Apr 2025 0:16 63 nm Aermacchi MB-339A
Departure Score
94.90 %
Enroute Score
42.80 %
Arrival Score
96.55 %

What went well

Touched down at -41 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 26 ft and 123 kt — both inside band
1.12 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Enroute Climb — GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 176.4 ° at 0 %, −6.00 points
Enroute Level — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft, then GPWS warning; bank angle up to 174.0 ° at 0 %, g force 0.49 to 8.09 g at 0 %, −4.09 points
Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft, then GPWS warning; bank angle up to 160.4 ° at 0 %, g force 0.34 to 4.30 g at 20 %, −3.49 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Takeoff Bounce at 80 %, −0.75 points

Next time

Improve the takeoff

See Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport, Average speed was 48 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 51 kt0 kt min to max 85 kt 0 85 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.28 g 1.28 1.02 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 4 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 91.00Departure roll runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport. Takeoff distance 2,147 ft 21 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 135 kt. Local weather - Temperature 110 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,147 ft21 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 135 ktTarget 130 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 8.3 ft8.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left 2.9 5.7 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.06 g 1.02 1.02 g
80 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-0.5 ° min to max 4.9 ° -0.2 4.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.4 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30L KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 146 kt136 kt min to max 155 kt 136 155 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.92 g min to max 1.24 g 1.02 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 567 fpm215 fpm min to max 903 fpm 215 903 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl -3 38 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °3.9 ° min to max 7.5 ° 5.0 7.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 38 ft agl · 163 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30L KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 170 kt155 kt min to max 227 kt 155 227 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.3 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.13 g 1.05 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 1,119 fpm730 fpm min to max 1,832 fpm 923 1,832 fpm
Info Average altitude 105 ft agl40 ft agl min to max 351 ft agl 40 351 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °4.6 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.1 6.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 104 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Bounce during liftoff 212 ft agl · 209 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.58Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 30L KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 254 kt230 kt min to max 279 kt 230 279 kt
43 % Average bank angle 9.2 °0.1 ° min to max 23.7 ° 1.6 23.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.78 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 1.05 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,343 fpm1,702 fpm min to max 2,893 fpm 2,131 1,702 fpm
Info Average altitude 680 ft agl389 ft agl min to max 935 ft agl 389 935 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °3.6 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.3 3.6 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,127 ft agl
Enroute Climb 54.31Enroute climb started 2 miles north west of KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport Mesa (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 2,337 ft asl to 4,429 ft asl, an increase of 2,092 ft in 2 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 317 kt283 kt min to max 347 kt 283 347 kt
0 % Average bank angle 40.2 °0.1 ° min to max 173.2 ° 24.1 0.1 °
43 % Average g force 1.46 g0.39 g min to max 3.49 g 1.06 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 1,199 fpm-11,547 fpm min to max 7,568 fpm 1,666 -84 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,075 ft asl2,337 ft asl min to max 5,382 ft asl 2,337 4,429 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-20.0 ° min to max 14.5 ° 3.4 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,337 ft agl
Enroute Level 38.72Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north east of Apache Junction (Arizona, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
62 % Average altitude 2,289 ft asl1,743 ft asl min to max 4,618 ft asl 4,430 4,157 ft asl
100 % Average speed 375 kt256 kt min to max 408 kt 347 256 kt
0 % Average bank angle 38.3 °0.0 ° min to max 174.0 ° 8.6 6.9 °
0 % Average g force 1.91 g0.49 g min to max 8.09 g 1.03 0.65 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-18.1 ° min to max 21.9 ° 0.1 -5.8 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,429 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 1,181 ft agl · 415 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 375 ft agl · 429 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 456 ft agl · 413 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 292 ft agl · 439 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 101 ft agl · 428 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 82 ft agl · 404 kt
Enroute Descent 47.58Enroute descent started 11 miles north of Gold Canyon (Arizona, United States). Descent from 4,103 ft asl to 2,054 ft asl, a decrease of 2,049 ft in 2 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Average speed 357 kt208 kt min to max 408 kt 257 406 kt
0 % Average bank angle 16.5 °0.0 ° min to max 160.4 ° 15.9 49.6 °
20 % Average g force 1.24 g0.34 g min to max 4.30 g 0.82 1.73 g
Info Average VSI -925 fpm-13,149 fpm min to max 10,837 fpm -2,816 953 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,211 ft asl1,977 ft asl min to max 4,151 ft asl 4,103 2,054 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.3 °-31.5 ° min to max 27.1 ° -6.1 2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 4,103 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 1,256 ft agl · 290 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 244 ft agl · 290 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 291 ft agl · 232 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 2,910 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 60 ft agl · 391 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 132 ft agl · 413 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 97 ft agl · 424 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 109 ft agl · 436 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 267 ft agl · 308 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 222 ft agl · 289 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 175 ft agl · 287 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 210 ft agl · 277 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 62 ft agl · 388 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 60 ft agl · 394 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 100 ft agl · 422 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 87 ft agl · 432 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 102 ft agl · 437 kt
Enroute Climb 2 10.00Enroute climb started 7 miles west of 51AZ Yavapai Regional Medical Center East Heliport Prescott Valley (Arizona, United States). Climbing from 2,084 ft asl to 6,982 ft asl, an increase of 4,899 ft in 5 minutes and covering 16 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 309 kt50 kt min to max 401 kt 401 350 kt
0 % Average bank angle 31.8 °0.1 ° min to max 176.4 ° 82.3 12.9 °
0 % Average g force 1.57 g-5.15 g min to max 6.12 g 3.48 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 743 fpm-28,978 fpm min to max 23,960 fpm 1,530 343 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,791 ft asl2,025 ft asl min to max 9,664 ft asl 2,084 6,982 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-88.5 ° min to max 71.4 ° 3.1 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 188 ft agl · 422 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 296 ft agl · 368 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 112 ft agl · 371 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 116 ft agl · 345 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 1,288 ft agl · 355 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 469 ft agl · 379 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 167 ft agl · 412 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 109 ft agl · 372 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 109 ft agl · 371 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 158 ft agl · 360 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 6,539 ft agl · 169 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 7,194 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 7,055 ft agl · 118 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 6,893 ft agl · 123 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 55 ft agl · 377 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 116 ft agl · 394 kt
Enroute Descent 2 63.37Enroute descent started 4 miles north east of Apache Junction (Arizona, United States). Descent from 6,986 ft asl to 1,932 ft asl, a decrease of 5,054 ft in 3 minutes and covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
55 % Average speed 241 kt157 kt min to max 357 kt 350 157 kt
59 % Average bank angle 24.7 °0.2 ° min to max 60.5 ° 18.2 1.9 °
76 % Average g force 1.16 g0.73 g min to max 2.35 g 0.98 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -1,187 fpm-3,551 fpm min to max 1,247 fpm 272 -930 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,698 ft asl1,932 ft asl min to max 6,988 ft asl 6,986 1,932 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-8.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.2 -2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 6,986 ft agl
Fail Safe Gear speed Exceeded 2,383 ft agl · 261 kt
Fail Safe Gear speed Exceeded 1,411 ft agl · 210 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 967 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,233 ft agl · 287 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,383 ft agl · 261 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 2,010 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Safe Gear speed Exceeded 2,010 ft agl · 238 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,944 ft agl · 235 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,411 ft agl · 210 kt
Info Safe Gear speed Exceeded 935 ft agl · 202 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 634 ft agl · 189 kt
Arrival Final 2 99.54Approaching runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 575 ft agl to 412 ft agl. A decrease of 163 ft in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.6 °3.5 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.0 ° 3.6 3.5 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt140 kt min to max 155 kt 155 140 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.89 g min to max 1.12 g 0.91 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,070 fpm-1,277 fpm min to max -965 fpm -1,043 -1,027 fpm
Info Average altitude 487 ft agl412 ft agl min to max 575 ft agl 575 412 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-3.9 ° min to max -1.3 ° -3.2 -1.6 °
11.251.51.752300350400450500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-210-158-105-53053105158210Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 99.25Approaching runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 395 ft agl to 65 ft agl. A decrease of 330 ft in 21 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.2 °1.9 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 126 kt123 kt min to max 139 kt 139 123 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 1.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.95 g min to max 1.17 g 1.02 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -795 fpm-1,109 fpm min to max -410 fpm -1,012 -410 fpm
Info Average altitude 116 ft agl65 ft agl min to max 395 ft agl 395 65 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-2.1 ° min to max 2.9 ° -1.4 2.9 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 55 ft agl · 134 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 31 ft agl · 132 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 92.10Landing on runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport, runway length 10,362 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 123 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 123 kt. Target 120 kt
68 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 115 kt104 kt min to max 123 kt 123 104 kt
Info Average VSI -175 fpm-403 fpm min to max -41 fpm -403 -41 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 27 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °3.0 ° min to max 7.1 ° 3.0 7.1 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,75001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,750-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 92.26Touchdown point was 1,060 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 104 kt was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -41 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 106 °F. Wind 2 kt at 263 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -41 fpm.
68 % Touchdown distance was 2,448 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 104 ktTarget below 120 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 9.4 ft9.0 ft left 9.4 8.5 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.00 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.03 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 104 kt103 kt min to max 104 kt 104 103 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °7.1 ° min to max 7.2 ° 7.1 7.2 °
Arrival Rollout 99.60Total landing distance 5,004 ft, 48 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 5,004 ft48 % of runway.
99 % Runway alignment max 10.8 ft10.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 8.3 5.7 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.90 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average speed 101 kt60 kt min to max 109 kt 109 60 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °-1.1 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.3 -1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 5 ft agl · 98 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 22 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kt5 kt min to max 50 kt 50 5 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° -1.0 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.2 1.7 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 135 kt with 4.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

300 kt200100020°10°0°LIFTOFF4.2° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 79 kt -0.2° 0 s
80 kt19 ft 80 kt -0.1° 0.1 s
Liftoff1,849 ft · target 130 135 kt 4.2° 9.6 s
35 ft3,491 ft · 6.3 s after liftoff 155 kt 7.1° 15.9 s
End of Climb 315,817 ft · 935 ft 279 kt 3.6° 47.0 s

Takeoff from KIWA 30L

Takeoff roll100.00
2,147ft21 %
Liftoff speed100.00
135kttarget 130, 5 fast
Runway alignment100.00
8.3ft L
Bounce on takeoff80.00
Yes
Rate of climb100.00
567fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 935 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 5,821 ft of runway left; then climbing at 1,500 fpm on average to 935 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 135 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 10,362 ft runway.

Rolled from 1,049 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 9 ft at the widest, and lifted off 6 ft left. Airborne 27 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 8.7 ft LROLL 1,049 FT INAirborne 2,898 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,898 ft of 10,362 ft · 28 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,049 ftTakeoff roll, 1,849 ft Left ahead, 7,464 ft

The approach to KIWA 30L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

High from 2.6 nm, where the final began, to 2.0 nm (up to 550 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND933614425216
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 2,570 ft right of the centreline at 2.6 nm, then inside the band from 1.9 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND334 ft R7 ft R58 ft L44 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 2.6 nm, where the final began, to 0.6 nm (up to +73 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

120140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 120+67 kt+47 kt+25 kt+11 kt+3 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KIWA 30L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
26ft
Threshold speed100.00
123kttarget 120, 3 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold68.43
2,447ft
Centreline100.00
9.4ft L
Speed100.00
104kttarget 120 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-41fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 264° at 2 kt · 1 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 5,291 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 26 ft, 24 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,447 ft in, 1,447 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,291 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

26 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −41 fpm · 7.1° nose up · 104 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 26 ft, down at 2,447 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 190 fpm at 25 ft to 40 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−41 fpm at touchdown7.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,291 ft of the 10,362 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 8 ft left of the centreline, and stayed within 9 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,447 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,447 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.12 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 4,891 ft of 10,362 ft · 47 %
In the air over the runway, 2,447 ftRollout, 2,444 ft Left over, 5,471 ft
Rollout distance100.00
2,444ft47 % used
Rollout alignment99.11
10.8ft L

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a departure roll from runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport. The aircraft, an Aermacchi MB-339A, accelerated down the runway and lifted off at a speed of 135 kt, covering a distance of 2,147 ft, which was 21% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 110 °F, with a wind speed of 2 kt at 270 °, resulting in a negligible crosswind and headwind.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb 2 miles northwest of KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport. The climb was steep, with the aircraft ascending from 2,337 ft above sea level to 4,429 ft above sea level in just 2 minutes, covering a distance of 12 nm. This rapid ascent was followed by a brief level cruise, which lasted for 2 minutes and covered 9 nm, as the aircraft flew 3 miles northeast of Apache Junction.

The enroute descent phase began 11 miles north of Gold Canyon, where the aircraft descended from 4,103 ft above sea level to 2,054 ft above sea level in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nm. This was followed by another climb, which started 7 miles west of the Yavapai Regional Medical Center East Heliport in Prescott Valley. The aircraft climbed from 2,084 ft above sea level to 6,982 ft above sea level in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 16 nm.

The final descent phase began 4 miles northeast of Apache Junction, where the aircraft descended from 6,986 ft above sea level to 1,932 ft above sea level in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 14 nm. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 30L at KIWA Phoenix–Mesa Gateway Airport, flying from the southeast at a heading of 315.0 °, 1 nm from the airport and at an altitude of 575 ft above ground level.

The landing was smooth, with the aircraft touching down 1,060 ft beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 104 kt. The touchdown rate was perfect at -41 fpm, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 106 °F, with a wind speed of 2 kt at 263 °, resulting in a negligible crosswind and headwind.

The total landing distance was 5,004 ft, which was 48% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was also very good. The total flight distance was 63 nm, and the flight duration was 16 minutes. The aircraft used -2 lbs of fuel during the flight.

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