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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Keep the back pressure coming once the flare is established, holding the nose up through to touchdown instead of easing it.
What happened: The flare arrested the sink but 410 fpm of it came back before touchdown, and in flights like this one that returning sink usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown at 317 fpm.
Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: the sink held near zero all the way through touchdown, not allowed to build back up.
Twenty knots on a monitor produces the visual sensation of about ten. The advice to "taxi at a walking pace" cannot fix this, because your sense of walking pace is exactly the thing that's broken. Put the groundspeed readout in your scan and obey it for the next fifty flights, the way a student pilot leans on the airspeed indicator before learning to read attitude.
Read more in How to Taxi AnywhereStart to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 154 kt, 3 kt above the 151 kt target, and lifted off at 161 kt 3.2 s later, the nose coming up at 2.7° a second. Climb 3 held close to its 164 kt target, at 169 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 884 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,462 m of runway left; gear up at 60 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,270 fpm on average to 884 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,671 m runway.
Rolled from 92 m in, drifted 2.3 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 7 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 3 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +14 kt on the approach speed of 138 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Excellent landing flare. It lost 3.6 points, mostly for 410 fpm of sink coming back after the flare.
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 131 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, wings level.
Wind 040° at 6 kt · 5 kt head · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 125 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 32 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 36 ft, 14 ft below the 50 ft target; began the flare at 33 ft; ballooned 2 ft from 5 ft. Touched down 551 m in, 246 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 740 fpm at the flare to 320 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,941 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.7 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.5 m right by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 551 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 317 fpm arrival was firm.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 23L at NZAA Auckland International Airport, a movement that lasted 13 minutes and covered 3 nm.
During the departure roll on runway 23L, the aircraft accelerated to a liftoff speed of 162 kt and became airborne after a takeoff distance of 1,884 m, representing 51 % of the runway length; ambient conditions were 14 °C with a wind of 8 kt from 169°, giving a cross-wind component of 8 kt and a head-wind component of 1 kt.
Climb commenced approximately 1 mile south-west of NZAA, with the aeroplane climbing from 934 ft asl to 31,473 ft asl, an altitude gain of 30,539 ft achieved in 16 minutes while covering 93 nm.
Level cruise began 24 miles south-west of NZTS Taharoa Aerodrome and was maintained for 7 minutes, during which the aircraft travelled 47 nm.
Descent was initiated 3 miles south-east of NZSD Stratford Airport, descending from 32,006 ft asl to 1,282 ft asl, a loss of 30,724 ft over 26 minutes and a distance of 147 nm.
The final approach to runway 34 at NZWN Wellington International Airport was flown from the south on a heading of 3.0° at 4 nm and 1,236 ft agl; local weather reported 8 °C, wind 6 kt from 39°, a cross-wind of 3 kt and a head-wind of 5 kt.
Landing on runway 34, which is 1,941 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 140 kt; touchdown was recorded 134 m beyond the touchdown zone at 131 kt, with a smooth vertical speed of minus 130 fpm and a lateral deviation of 4.0 m from the centreline, and the total landing distance measured 1,222 m, equivalent to 63 % of the runway.
Runway rollout alignment was assessed as very good, with the aircraft remaining on the centreline throughout the deceleration phase.
After exiting the runway, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.
In total, the flight covered 297 nm, required 65 minutes of airborne time, and consumed 2,463 kg of fuel.
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