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KSFZ
Pawtucket, United States
Runway 05
Elevation417 ft asl
Weight6,982 lbs
Fuel1,235 lbs
Wind340° · 14 kn · 11 kn cross

Flight Score

95.74 %
KSGH
Springfield, United States
Runway 06
Elevation1,050 ft asl
Weight6,100 lbs
Fuel349 lbs
Wind70° · 10 kn · 3 kn cross
11 May 2025 2:58 607 nm Cessna 414A 886 lbs
Departure Score
88.96 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
98.26 %

What went well

Held the centreline on the roll in a 11 kn crosswind — 3.4 ft off at liftoff
Touched down at -90 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,580 ft in — inside the full-score zone

What held you back

Departure Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, peak speed in a turn 22 kt at 40 %, −2.88 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 16.6 ° at 62 %, −0.80 points
Arrival Taxi — Taxi Lights at 0 %, −0.21 points

Next time

Slow down before tight turns

See Departure Taxi

Twenty knots on a monitor produces the visual sensation of about ten. The advice to "taxi at a walking pace" cannot fix this, because your sense of walking pace is exactly the thing that's broken. Put the groundspeed readout in your scan and obey it for the next fifty flights, the way a student pilot leans on the airspeed indicator before learning to read attitude.

Read more in How to Taxi Anywhere

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 65.47Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 8 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Average speed 12 kt0 kt min to max 25 kt 0 7 kt
40 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 22 kt 0 7 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.2 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.8 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport, Average speed was 26 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt8 kt min to max 32 kt 8 32 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °3.4 ° min to max 4.0 ° 3.5 4.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 20 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport. Takeoff distance 2,789 ft 56 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 102 kt. Local weather - Temperature 72 °F. Wind 16 kt at 340 °. Crosswind: 12 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,789 ft56 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 102 ktTarget 100 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 12.2 ft4.4 ft left to 7.9 ft right 0.6 3.4 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 0.99 1.10 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °2.8 ° min to max 5.8 ° 4.1 5.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 1.1 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 05 KSFZ North Central State Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 102 kt99 kt min to max 105 kt 101 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.95 g min to max 1.16 g 1.11 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 659 fpm375 fpm min to max 798 fpm 375 798 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 0 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °6.0 ° min to max 10.4 ° 6.0 9.9 °
Departure Climb 2 90.38Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 05 KSFZ North Central State Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.0 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 102 kt100 kt min to max 106 kt 100 102 kt
62 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.4 ° min to max 16.6 ° 0.7 16.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 829 fpm792 fpm min to max 1,048 fpm 800 1,048 fpm
Info Average altitude 105 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 328 ft agl 52 328 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.8 °9.2 ° min to max 13.0 ° 9.9 10.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 80 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 397 ft agl · 106 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KSFZ North Central State Airport Pawtucket (Rhode Island, United States). Climbing from 768 ft asl to 20,309 ft asl, an increase of 19,541 ft in 10 minutes and covering 38 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 119 kt87 kt min to max 153 kt 104 153 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.5 °0.0 ° min to max 31.7 ° 17.9 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.68 g min to max 1.41 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 1,314 fpm-83 fpm min to max 2,908 fpm 1,007 71 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,115 ft asl768 ft asl min to max 20,320 ft asl 768 20,309 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °2.0 ° min to max 19.3 ° 9.2 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 501 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 501 ft agl · 108 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 905 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 985 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 1,001 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,255 ft agl · 115 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,329 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 1,472 ft agl · 129 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 2,710 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 2,747 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 19,918 ft agl · 174 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles north west of CT36 Gager Field Bozrah (Connecticut, United States) and lasted 148 minutes, covering 506 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 20,347 ft asl20,285 ft asl min to max 20,606 ft asl 20,306 20,301 ft asl
100 % Average speed 165 kt155 kt min to max 168 kt 155 168 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 25.8 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.83 g min to max 1.15 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-1.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 -1.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 19,619 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 19,619 ft agl · 226 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of New California (Ohio, United States). Descent from 20,120 ft asl to 3,114 ft asl, a decrease of 17,006 ft in 12 minutes and covering 47 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 172 kt164 kt min to max 180 kt 171 173 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.2 °0.0 ° min to max 26.6 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.50 g min to max 1.47 g 0.98 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -1,015 fpm-1,811 fpm min to max -272 fpm -979 -906 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,895 ft asl3,114 ft asl min to max 20,120 ft asl 20,120 3,114 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.0 °-5.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° -1.5 -3.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 13,457 ft agl · 216 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 13,457 ft agl · 216 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 3,108 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,956 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,234 ft agl · 182 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 2,234 ft agl · 182 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Beavercreek (Ohio, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,035 ft asl2,988 ft asl min to max 3,114 ft asl 3,114 2,988 ft asl
100 % Average speed 157 kt145 kt min to max 173 kt 173 145 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.2 °0.1 ° min to max 24.0 ° 0.4 14.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.36 g 0.87 1.19 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-3.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° -3.0 0.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,181 ft agl · 168 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,100 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 2,100 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,055 ft agl · 153 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north east of Beavercreek (Ohio, United States). Descent from 2,982 ft asl to 2,314 ft asl, a decrease of 668 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 138 kt122 kt min to max 157 kt 144 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 17.2 ° 15.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.61 g min to max 1.40 g 0.89 0.93 g
Info Average VSI -546 fpm-1,986 fpm min to max 882 fpm -223 -685 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,711 ft asl2,314 ft asl min to max 2,982 ft asl 2,982 2,314 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-7.8 ° min to max 4.6 ° -0.9 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,004 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 2,004 ft agl · 149 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 1,986 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,829 ft agl · 143 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,828 ft agl · 144 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,719 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,688 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,386 ft agl · 138 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,251 ft agl to 933 ft agl. A decrease of 317 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 118 kt113 kt min to max 123 kt 123 113 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.73 g min to max 1.26 g 1.12 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -619 fpm-1,101 fpm min to max -412 fpm -724 -1,101 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,097 ft agl933 ft agl min to max 1,251 ft agl 1,251 933 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-3.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.3 -1.6 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,134 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1,078 ft agl · 122 kt
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-370-278-185-93093185278370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 99.19Approaching runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 915 ft agl to 606 ft agl. A decrease of 309 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 103 kt100 kt min to max 112 kt 112 107 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.0 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.2 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.4 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.21 g 1.08 1.16 g
Info Average VSI -542 fpm-1,107 fpm min to max -144 fpm -1,107 -737 fpm
Info Average altitude 765 ft agl606 ft agl min to max 915 ft agl 915 606 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-1.9 ° min to max 3.1 ° -0.4 -0.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 811 ft agl · 106 kt
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-300-225-150-75075150225300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 99.04Approaching runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 600 ft agl to 293 ft agl. A decrease of 307 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.7 °2.4 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.7 °
100 % Average speed 109 kt105 kt min to max 113 kt 108 111 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.3 °
95 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 0.4 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.78 g min to max 1.24 g 1.04 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -557 fpm-1,204 fpm min to max -57 fpm -490 -414 fpm
Info Average altitude 428 ft agl293 ft agl min to max 600 ft agl 600 293 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-3.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° -1.0 -0.5 °
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-230-173-115-58058115173230Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 99.39Approaching runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 285 ft agl to 21 ft agl. A decrease of 264 ft in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.8 °1.4 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.7 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 108 kt101 kt min to max 112 kt 110 101 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
97 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 2.7 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.85 g min to max 1.17 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -540 fpm-815 fpm min to max -141 fpm -462 -243 fpm
Info Average altitude 69 ft agl21 ft agl min to max 285 ft agl 285 21 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-1.7 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.3 2.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-170-128-85-4304385128170Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 96.44Landing on runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport, runway length 8,973 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 100 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Threshold speed was well above target at 100 kt. Target 84 kt
94 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
99 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.20 g 0.93 1.03 g
Info Average speed 88 kt75 kt min to max 100 kt 100 76 kt
Info Average VSI -107 fpm-276 fpm min to max -26 fpm -247 -90 fpm
Info Average altitude 5 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 16 ft agl 16 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.1 ° min to max 7.5 ° 2.3 7.5 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,00001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,000-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 97.00Touchdown point was 252 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 76 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -90 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 75 °F. Wind 10 kt at 70 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 10 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -90 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,574 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 76 ktTarget below 78 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.6 ft2.8 ft right -1.7 -3.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.15 g 1.03 1.04 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 75 kt74 kt min to max 76 kt 76 74 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °3.5 ° min to max 7.8 ° 7.5 3.5 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 2,425 ft, 27 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,425 ft27 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 8.3 ft0.0 ft left to 8.3 ft right -3.2 -8.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average speed 61 kt35 kt min to max 65 kt 65 35 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.8 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.5 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 71 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt3 kt min to max 28 kt 28 10 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °1.2 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.7 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 9 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.5 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.2 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 12 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 101 kt with 5.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.0° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 40 kt 4.1° 0 s
80 kt1,183 ft 80 kt 3.6° 13.1 s
Liftoff2,751 ft 101 kt 5.0° 24.2 s
35 ft3,367 ft · 3.8 s after liftoff 102 kt 9.6° 27.9 s
End of the climb6,454 ft · 328 ft 102 kt 10.2° 47.9 s

Takeoff from KSFZ 05

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
2,789ft56 %
Liftoff speed100.00
101kt
Runway alignment100.00
7.9ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
659fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 328 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,186 ft of runway left; then climbing at 830 fpm on average to 328 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 101 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 5,004 ft runway.

Rolled from 450 ft in, drifted 8 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 11 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 63 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS11 kn75 %widest 8.0 ft RROLL 450 FT INAirborne 3,201 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,201 ft of 5,004 ft · 64 %
Behind the start of the roll, 450 ftTakeoff roll, 2,751 ft Left ahead, 1,803 ft

The approach to KSGH 06

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,305996684471306181
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 18× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 70 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR170 ft L0170 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND12 ft R1 ft R40 ft L0 ft R67 ft R12 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 0.6 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +28 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140160 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 84+48 kt+31 kt+19 kt+23 kt+28 kt+24 kt+17 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KSGH 06

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
16ft
Threshold speed91.73
100kttarget 84, 16 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
1,580ft
Centreline100.00
3.6ft R
Speed100.00
75kttarget 78 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-90fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

3 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 76 kt. Touched down straight - the crab taken out before the wheels touched, wings level.

Wind 070° at 10 kt · 10 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 68 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 528 ft30 kt · 904 fttouchdown940 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 16 ft, 34 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,580 ft in, 580 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

16 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −90 fpm · 7.5° nose up · 76 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 16 ft, down at 1,580 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 250 fpm at 16 ft to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.2° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−90 fpm at touchdown7.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 8,973 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 6 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,580 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 1,580 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.15 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 2,253 ft of 8,973 ft · 25 %
In the air over the runway, 1,580 ftRollout, 673 ft Left over, 6,720 ft
Rollout distance100.00
673ft25 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
8.3ft R

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking to the runway, which took 8 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The aircraft, a Cessna 414A, then departed from runway 05 at KSFZ North Central State Airport. The takeoff distance was 2,789 feet, which accounted for 56% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 102 knots.

As the aircraft took off, it encountered local weather conditions with a temperature of 72°F and a wind speed of 16 knots at 340°. The crosswind was 12 knots, and the headwind was 10 knots. After departing from KSFZ, the aircraft began its enroute climb, which started overhead the airport. The climb took the aircraft from an altitude of 768 feet above sea level to 20,309 feet above sea level, an increase of 19,541 feet in just 10 minutes, covering a distance of 38 nautical miles.

The enroute climb was followed by a level cruise, which started 3 miles northwest of CT36 Gager Field Bozrah in Connecticut. This cruise phase lasted for 148 minutes, covering a distance of 506 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its enroute descent, which started 1 mile north of New California in Ohio. The descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 20,120 feet above sea level to 3,114 feet above sea level, a decrease of 17,006 feet in 12 minutes, covering a distance of 47 nautical miles.

The aircraft then entered another level cruise phase, which started 1 mile southeast of Beavercreek in Ohio. This cruise phase lasted for only 2 minutes, covering a distance of 2 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its final descent, which started 1 mile northeast of Beavercreek. The descent took the aircraft from an altitude of 2,982 feet above sea level to 2,314 feet above sea level, a decrease of 668 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 7 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 06 at KSGH Springfield-Beckley Municipal Airport was made from the southwest, with a heading of 54.0° at 4 nautical miles and 1,251 feet above ground level. The landing was successful, with a touchdown point 252 feet beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed was 76 knots, which was good, and the touchdown rate was excellent at -90 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect.

The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 75°F and a wind speed of 10 knots at 70°. The crosswind was 3 knots, and the headwind was 10 knots. The total landing distance was 2,425 feet, which accounted for 27% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also perfect. The taxiing period from the runway to the parking took only 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile.

In total, the flight covered a distance of 607 nautical miles, taking 178 minutes, and used 886 pounds of fuel.

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