Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Hold the approach angle
See Arrival Final 1
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 13 stages, 11 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 85 kt with 5.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 962 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 197 m of runway left; then climbing at 860 fpm on average to 962 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 949 m runway.
Rolled from 159 m in, drifted 5.1 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 300 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: banked until 0.8 nm, high until 0.4 nm, fast from 0.6 nm and sinking too fast from 0.3 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
On the glideslope from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.7 nm, then high to 0.4 nm (up to 180 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 1.2 nm, never more than 209 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 42 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 25 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.2 nm, where the final began, to 0.6 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +20 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Great landing flare
6 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 82 kt. Touched down with the nose 13° into wind, wings level.
Wind 329° at 8 kt · 3 kt head · 6 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 82 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.22 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 949 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 7 ft, 43 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 204 m in, 101 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 949 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From 8 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 180 fpm before coming down at 250 fpm to touch. The nose went down 2.1° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 949 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 9.2 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 9.2 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 204 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft departed runway 26 at LILO Caiolo Sondrio Airfield, rolling down the 543-meter-long runway in 57% of its total length. Liftoff speed was achieved at 86 knots, with a gentle climb into the local weather conditions of 14°C and a 4-knot headwind. The aircraft's climb performance was impressive, reaching an altitude of 2,009 feet above sea level in a short distance, and then continuing to climb to 2,435 feet in less than a minute, covering just under 1 nautical mile.
As the aircraft leveled off, it entered a 15-minute cruise phase, covering 41 nautical miles at a steady altitude. The descent phase that followed was equally efficient, with the aircraft losing 936 feet in just 2 minutes, covering 5 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 26 was initiated from the east, with the aircraft descending from 2,419 feet to 1,483 feet above ground level. However, the landing was not without some issues, as the threshold speed was too high at 93 knots, and the touchdown speed of 82 knots was slightly faster than recommended. The touchdown rate of -249 feet per minute was fair, but the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 9.3 meters from the centerline.
The aircraft's landing distance of 528 meters was 56% of the runway's total length, and the runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 11.5 meters from the centerline. Despite some minor issues, the aircraft's overall performance was satisfactory, with a total flight distance of 50 nautical miles and a fuel consumption of 14 kilograms. The flight duration was 20 minutes, and the aircraft's climb and descent phases were executed efficiently, demonstrating its capabilities in the local weather conditions.
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