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LIRF
Rome, Italy
Runway 25
Elevation7 ft asl
Weight175,945 kg
Fuel10,871 kg
Wind180° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

96.42 %
LIMC
Ferno (VA), Italy
Runway 35L
Elevation722 ft asl
Weight171,306 kg
Fuel5,938 kg
Wind68° · 4 kn · 4 kn cross
9 Sep 2026 0:59 302 nm Boeing 787-9 4,933 kg
Departure Score
91.95 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.30 %

What went well

Touchdown 320 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 3.24 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.21 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 ft agl at 0 %, −2.00 points
Departure Taxi — peak taxi speed 33 kt at 86 %, peak speed in a turn 21 kt at 89 %, −0.68 points
Arrival Approach — landing lights off should be on, then GPWS warning; 1,000 ft gate 100 %, 500 ft gate 86 %, −0.48 points

Next time

Departure

Raise the gear lever promptly once a positive rate of climb is confirmed after liftoff.

What happened: The landing gear was never raised during the initial climb and was still down when the climb ended.

Watch for: Landing gear lever: UP promptly after confirming a positive rate of climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Make sure that you retract the landing gear once you have a positive rate of climb and there is no usable runway left to land back on.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 89.87Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Average speed 21 kt0 kt min to max 33 kt 4 15 kt
89 % Average speed turning corners 18 ktmax 21 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.6 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 14 ft agl
Info Engine 2 Started 14 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 14 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 14 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 14 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 14 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 14 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 14 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 14 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 14 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 14 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Parking Brake On 14 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 14 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 14 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 14 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 14 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 14 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 14 ft agl · 7 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 25 at LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport, Average speed was 20 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt14 kt min to max 23 kt 16 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.6 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 25 at LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,326 m 42 % of runway. Rotation speed was 142 kt. Local weather - Temperature 31 °C. Wind 3 kt at 179 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,326 m42 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 142 ktTarget 147 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.90 m left1.90 m left to 0.32 m right 1.90 0.20 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-0.6 ° min to max 6.2 ° -0.2 6.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.0 0.9 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 25 LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 168 kt160 kt min to max 176 kt 160 176 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.8 °0.9 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.9 2.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.00 g min to max 1.14 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 461 fpm101 fpm min to max 904 fpm 101 904 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.0 °6.2 ° min to max 7.9 ° 6.2 6.8 °
Departure Climb 2 99.91Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 25 LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.1 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 181 kt176 kt min to max 186 kt 176 186 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.8 °2.9 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.9 3.8 °
99 % Average g force 1.21 g1.00 g min to max 1.28 g 1.00 1.26 g
Info Average VSI 1,561 fpm912 fpm min to max 3,944 fpm 912 3,944 fpm
Info Average altitude 78 ft agl28 ft agl min to max 283 ft agl 28 283 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °7.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 7.0 18.3 °
Departure Climb 3 69.97Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 25 LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 182 kt178 kt min to max 185 ktTarget 182 kt 185 178 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 4.1 °3.9 ° min to max 4.1 ° 3.9 4.0 °
99.7 % Average g force 1.14 g0.89 g min to max 1.28 g 1.28 0.89 g
0 % Landing gear up at 0 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 1.5 °1.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.2 1.8 °
Info Average VSI 5,495 fpm4,507 fpm min to max 6,200 fpm 4,507 6,200 fpm
Info Average altitude 530 ft agl351 ft agl min to max 721 ft agl 351 721 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 21.7 °20.2 ° min to max 22.7 ° 20.2 21.2 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LIRF Rome–Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci International Airport Rome (Lazio, Italy). Climbing from 955 ft asl to 31,986 ft asl, an increase of 31,031 ft in 10 minutes and covering 65 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 270 kt174 kt min to max 306 kt 175 280 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 22.7 °0.0 ° min to max 22.7 ° 4.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.72 g min to max 1.16 g 0.77 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 3,051 fpm-48 fpm min to max 5,873 fpm 5,873 -48 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,244 ft asl955 ft asl min to max 31,986 ft asl 955 31,986 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °1.8 ° min to max 18.8 ° 18.8 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 1,219 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,762 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 1,762 ft agl · 192 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,941 ft agl · 200 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 6,774 ft agl · 281 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,214 ft agl · 297 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 31,624 ft agl · 456 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 31,624 ft agl · 456 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 10 miles south of Isola del Giglio (Toscana, Italy) and lasted 15 minutes, covering 112 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,099 ft of 32,003 ft asl31,988 ft asl min to max 32,022 ft asl 31,988 31,993 ft asl
100 % Average speed 274 kt272 kt min to max 278 kt 278 272 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 20.1 °0.0 ° min to max 20.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °1.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.7 1.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 19 miles south of Riomaggiore (Liguria, Italy). Descent from 31,993 ft asl to 2,073 ft asl, a decrease of 29,920 ft in 20 minutes and covering 115 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 238 kt184 kt min to max 325 kt 272 192 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 32.3 °0.0 ° min to max 32.3 ° 0.0 0.3 °
99.98 % Average g force 1.04 g0.81 g min to max 1.36 g 1.00 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -1,388 fpm-3,311 fpm min to max 99 fpm -3 -1,121 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,398 ft asl2,073 ft asl min to max 31,993 ft asl 31,993 2,073 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-4.3 ° min to max 4.7 ° 1.8 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 31,861 ft agl · 449 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 31,861 ft agl · 449 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 19,030 ft agl · 450 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 6,039 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 6,039 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 6,039 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 6,039 ft agl · 255 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5,670 ft agl · 247 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 4,613 ft agl · 202 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 4,563 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 4,563 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 4,563 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 4,553 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4,516 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 4,516 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 4,516 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 4,516 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 4,516 ft agl · 205 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 4,517 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 4,430 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,937 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,804 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,804 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,540 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3,540 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,642 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,612 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,612 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 6 1,612 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 9 1,583 ft agl · 204 kt
Arrival Approach 92.86Final approach to runway 35L at LIMC Milan Malpensa International Airport. Descent from 1,393 ft agl to 69 ft agl in 94 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
50 % On glideslopefailed at one of the two gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON 2,072 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 761 ft agl · 149 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 64 ft agl · 138 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 458 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 214 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 214 ft agl · 142 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 214 ft agl · 142 kt
Arrival Landing 97.11Landing on runway 35L at LIMC Milan Malpensa International Airport, runway length 3,515 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 134 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Threshold speed was good at 134 kt. Target 140 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
90 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 320 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.75 m right0.57 m right to 3.75 m right -0.57 -3.75 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.3 °
100 % Peak g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 0.97 g
Info Average speed 133 kt130 kt min to max 134 kt 134 130 kt
Info Average VSI -363 fpm-467 fpm min to max -266 fpm -467 -283 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl-3 ft agl min to max 26 ft agl 26 -3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.6 °4.9 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.9 5.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Approach 64 ft agl · 138 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 33 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 33 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 24 ft agl · 135 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 18 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Deactivated 18 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 18 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 18 ft agl · 134 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Deactivated 18 ft agl · 134 kt
07515022530037501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.52Touchdown distance was good at 320 m. Touchdown speed at 130 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -328 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 22 °C. Wind 4 kt at 31 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Touchdown rate was -328 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 320 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 130 ktTarget below 139 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.76 m right3.57 m right -3.75 -3.24 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.3 °0.3 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.3 1.3 °
100 % Peak g force 1.21 g0.96 g min to max 1.21 g 0.97 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 130 kt129 kt min to max 130 kt 130 129 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °3.9 ° min to max 5.2 ° 5.2 3.9 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,141 m, 32 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,141 m32 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.43 m left4.43 m left to 0.05 m right -0.05 4.43 m
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 1.01 g
Info Average speed 120 kt69 kt min to max 131 kt 131 69 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.6 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.9 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 46 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 48 kt25 kt min to max 66 kt 66 25 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 14 ft agl · 51 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 14 ft agl · 44 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 11 kt0 kt min to max 22 kt 22 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 16 ktmax 16 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 14 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 14 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 14 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 14 ft agl · 7 kt

Takeoff from LIRF 25

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed87.33
33kt peak18 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,326m42 %
Runway alignment100.00
1.90m L
Rotation speed100.00
142kttarget 147, 5 early

A slow rotation

The nose came up at 142 kt against the 147 kt rotate speed, and rose at 1.8° a second, slower than the 2 to 3 airliners use.

The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
159ktat 6.2°
Rotation
1.8°/sover 3.5 s, gaining 17 kt
35 ft
179ktat 9.4°, 5.0 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
2.8°steepest
Climb 3 speed100.00
182kttarget 182

Plan view the roll down the 3,174 m runway.

Rolled from 140 m in, drifted 3.3 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 41 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 3.28 m LROLL 140 M INAirborne 1,332 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,332 m of 3,174 m · 42 %
Behind the start of the roll, 140 mTakeoff roll, 1,192 m Left ahead, 1,842 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 721 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,396 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,610 fpm on average to 721 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3182 kt avgtarget 182THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 280 m · 3.5 sRotate 142 kttarget 147Liftoff 159 kt
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 182210 kt14070025°13°0°nose up on the runway · 280 m · 3.5 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 147held 13.6°6.2° off · 1.8°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at: a trace steeper than both is a faster rotation, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 9.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°2°/s3°/sTAIL STRIKE 9.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT6.2° off · 1.8°/s9° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2 to 3°/s from rotationTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 85.716 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate100 fpm1,210 fpm
On glideslope3.6°4.4°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+15 kt+2.3 kt
Wings level2° bank1° bank

At the 500 ft gate: glideslope more than 1° off the runway's 3°.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.9 to 0.6 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.6 nm and low from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIMC 35L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 4 nm to 2.7 nm, then high to 1.2 nm (up to 360 ft over), then back on it to 0.3 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 60 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3519904391531,000 ft gate7 of 71,229 ft · 155 kt500 ft gate6 of 7on glideslope784 ft · 142 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 17× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.6 nm, then 21 m left of it from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR55 m L055 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND0 m L1 m L20 m L18 m L6 m L4 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 35 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 3.5 nm (up to +54 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 140+54 kt+7 kt+2 kt−2 kt−6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIMC 35L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
25ft
Threshold speed98.46
134kttarget 140, 6 slow
Centreline offset100.00
3.75m R
Bank100.00
0.4°steepest
Flare89.96

The flare mostly held the target profile

The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 2.5° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 320 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
320m
Centreline100.00
3.76m R
Speed100.00
130kttarget 139 or less
Touchdown rate82.60
-328fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
1.3°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
776m31 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.43m L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
22kt peak16 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Began the flare at 35 ft, 76 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 25 ft, 25 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 320 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

25 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 35 ft, 76 m before the threshold−562 fpm · 3.8° · 134 ktdescent slowed at 8 ft · −266 fpm · 6°−328 fpm · 5.2° nose up · 130 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 25 ft, down at 320 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 560 fpm at the flare to 330 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down. Into the flare at 134 kt, 6 kt under the 140 kt approach speed, and 130 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°descent slowedtouchdown−328 fpm at touchdown5.2° at touchdown, +1.3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,515 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.2 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.1 m left at the widest. 4 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 130 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, away from the wind, wings level.

Wind 068° at 4 kt · 1 kt head · 4 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 4 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 320 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 320 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,096 m of 3,515 m · 31 %
In the air over the runway, 320 mRollout, 776 m Left over, 2,419 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 134 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 64 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 919 m30 kt · 2,005 mtouchdown2,085 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Boeing 787-9 taxied from the parking area to runway 25 at LIRF, a movement that lasted 10 minutes and covered 3 nm.

The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 25 at LIRF, accelerating through a takeoff distance of 1,326 m, representing 42 % of the runway. Liftoff was achieved at 160 kt. Ambient conditions were 31 °C with a wind of 3 kt from 179°, including a 3 kt crosswind component and a 1 kt headwind.

Climb began overhead LIRF, with the airplane ascending from 955 ft asl to 31,986 ft asl, a gain of 31,031 ft achieved in 10 minutes while covering 65 nm.

Level cruise was established 10 miles south of Isola del Giglio, persisting for 15 minutes and encompassing 112 nm of flight.

Descent commenced 19 miles south of Riomaggiore, with altitude decreasing from 31,993 ft asl to 2,073 ft asl, a loss of 29,920 ft over 20 minutes and a distance of 115 nm.

The final approach to runway 35L at LIMC was flown from the south, on a heading of 349.0° at 4 nm and 1,334 ft agl.

Touchdown occurred on runway 35L, whose length is 3,515 m, with a threshold speed recorded at 134 kt, slightly below target. The aircraft landed at 130 kt, the touchdown distance measured 322 m, and the vertical speed was minus 283 fpm. The touchdown point was offset by 3.8 m from the centreline. Local weather at the time was 22 °C with a wind of 4 kt from 31°, including a 3 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind. Total landing distance was 1,141 m, representing 32 % of the runway.

Runway rollout alignment was assessed as very good, with the aircraft remaining on the centreline throughout the deceleration phase.

After exiting the runway, the Boeing 787-9 taxied to the parking area in 3 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered a total distance of 302 nm, required 59 minutes from departure to arrival, and consumed 4,933 kg of fuel.

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