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KALB
Albany, United States
Runway 28
Elevation276 ft asl
Weight2,504 lbs
Fuel514 lbs
Wind270° · 1 kn

Flight Score

91.05 %
KALB
Albany, United States
Runway 28
Elevation276 ft asl
Weight2,488 lbs
Fuel491 lbs
14 Aug 2023 0:24 19 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 23 lbs
Departure Score
92.28 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
74.48 %

What went well

Touched down at -51 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 967 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 1,191 ft — 20 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 40 %, Threshold speed was a little below target at 64 kn. at 77 %, −4.12 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 4.1 ° at 0 %, Heading variation 0.6 ° at 67 %, −3.06 points
Arrival Touchdown — Runway alignment max 62.4 ft at 40 %, bank angle up to 1.6 ° at 69 %, −1.32 points

Top opportunity

Hold the approach angle

Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 12 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 87.50Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 12 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kn0 kn min to max 22 kn 0 12 kn
69 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 20 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.76 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 0.96 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °1.8 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.8 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.2 0.3 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Departure Roll 87.31Departure roll runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl. Takeoff distance 15,068 ft 252 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 67 kn. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 15,068 ft252 % of runway
89 % Liftoff speed was 67 knTarget 70 kn
67 % Runway alignment max 36.8 ft36.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left 11.4 36.8 ft
63 % Average g force 0.41 g0.10 g min to max 0.97 g 0.95 0.10 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.1 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Departure Climb 1 96.81Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 KALB Albany Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Heading variation -1.9 °-1.9 ° min to max -1.7 ° -1.9 -1.7 °
100 % Average speed 89 kn85 kn min to max 92 kn 85 92 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.9 °1.1 ° min to max 3.0 ° 1.6 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.84 g min to max 0.98 g 0.84 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 293 ft/m203 ft/m min to max 518 ft/m 203 518 ft/m
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 34 ft agl 0 34 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °2.8 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.8 5.4 °
Departure Climb 2 99.09Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 KALB Albany Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.4 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.7 ° -1.7 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn84 kn min to max 93 kn 92 87 kn
96 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.83 g min to max 1.01 g 0.93 0.83 g
Info Average VSI 788 ft/m527 ft/m min to max 1,266 ft/m 527 626 ft/m
Info Average altitude 117 ft agl55 ft agl min to max 397 ft agl 55 397 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °4.9 ° min to max 10.8 ° 5.4 4.9 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 187 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 73 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 348 ft agl · 89 kt
Departure Climb 3 90.68Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28 KALB Albany Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.9 °-1.8 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -1.8 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn89 kn min to max 104 kn 89 100 kn
53 % Average bank angle 3.4 °0.1 ° min to max 19.7 ° 0.4 19.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.87 g min to max 0.97 g 0.87 0.90 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 732 ft/m422 ft/m min to max 1,356 ft/m 490 1,296 ft/m
Info Average altitude 462 ft agl384 ft agl min to max 641 ft agl 384 641 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °4.3 ° min to max 8.6 ° 4.3 8.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead KALB Albany Intl Albany (New York, United States). Climbing from 957 ft asl to 2,645 ft asl, an increase of 1,689 ft in 3 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 90 kn71 kn min to max 113 knTarget 90 kn 100 71 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.0 °0.0 ° min to max 24.9 ° 20.3 8.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.78 g min to max 1.06 g 0.93 0.88 g
Info Average VSI 605 ft/m-147 ft/m min to max 2,014 ft/m 1,218 431 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,817 ft asl957 ft asl min to max 2,645 ft asl 957 2,645 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.4 °0.8 ° min to max 12.1 ° 7.6 5.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,994 ft agl · 87 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Roessleville (Albany County, New York, United States) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 2,669 ft asl2,567 ft asl min to max 2,805 ft asl 2,651 2,567 ft asl
100 % Average speed 74 kn71 kn min to max 79 kn 71 73 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.5 ° 9.0 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.81 g min to max 0.99 g 0.89 0.91 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-1.8 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.6 1.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,332 ft agl · 86 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile north of KALB Albany Intl Albany (New York, United States). Descent from 2,512 ft asl to 966 ft asl, a decrease of 1,546 ft in 4 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 72 kn69 kn min to max 76 kn 73 69 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 18.9 ° 0.4 18.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.87 g min to max 0.98 g 0.92 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -404 ft/m-639 ft/m min to max -145 ft/m -391 -331 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,612 ft asl966 ft asl min to max 2,512 ft asl 2,512 966 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.5 2.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 1 mile north of KALB Albany Intl Albany (New York, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 66 kn61 kn min to max 73 kn 69 68 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 21.0 ° 19.0 2.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.83 g min to max 0.99 g 0.95 0.87 g
Info Average VSI -5 ft/m-629 ft/m min to max 469 ft/m -345 -629 ft/m
Info Average altitude 968 ft asl828 ft asl min to max 1,091 ft asl 960 923 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °-2.4 ° min to max 8.3 ° 2.0 -2.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 6 619 ft agl · 73 kt
Info Flaps Position 9 762 ft agl · 74 kt
Arrival Final 1 72.42Approaching runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 636 ft agl to 29 ft agl. A decrease of 607 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 4.1 °1.5 ° min to max 6.0 °Target 3.4 ° 5.9 1.5 °
100 % Average speed 72 kn65 kn min to max 76 kn 69 65 kn
67 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.7 0.4 °
95 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 4.7 ° 2.8 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.79 g min to max 1.19 g 0.90 1.17 g
Info Average VSI -871 ft/m-1,408 ft/m min to max -528 ft/m -653 -528 ft/m
Info Average altitude 268 ft agl29 ft agl min to max 636 ft agl 636 29 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.8 °-8.3 ° min to max 2.0 ° -2.6 2.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 62.93Landing on runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl, runway length 5,991 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 64 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 64 kn. Target 70 kn
41 % Target 50 ft agl
40 % Landing and flare profile
82 % Heading variation 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.4 0.7 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.0 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 0.95 g
Info Average speed 59 kn44 kn min to max 64 kn 64 44 kn
Info Average VSI -267 ft/m-513 ft/m min to max -36 ft/m -513 -48 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 19 ft agl 19 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °1.4 ° min to max 7.0 ° 2.2 6.8 °
02505007501,00001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,000-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 88.08Touchdown distance was good at 962 ft. Touchdown speed at 44 kn was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -48 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 62 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -48 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 962 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 44 knTarget 55 kn
40 % Runway alignment max 62.4 ft62.1 ft left 62.4 61.7 ft
69 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.6 °
74 % Average g force 0.56 g0.30 g min to max 0.95 g 0.95 0.30 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 44 kn43 kn min to max 44 kn 44 43 kn
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °6.8 ° min to max 8.2 ° 6.8 8.2 °

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll1,191 ft · 20 %
88.59Liftoff speed67 kt
66.55Runway alignment36.8 ft L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
96.81Rate of climb293 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

41.47Threshold height18 ft
77.19Threshold speed64 kt
81.79Centreline offset0.7 ft L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on KALB 28

Past threshold100.00
967ft
Centreline39.63
61.7ft L
Speed100.00
44kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-51fpm
Impact74.29
0.95G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

18 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 18 ft, down at 967 ft

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 5,991 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 967 ft past threshold CLEARED

The 967 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 0.95 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 967 ft of 5,991 ft · 16 %

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl in the Piper PA-24 Comanche
92.28 %
87.5 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 12 minutes and covered 2 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
68.75 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
5 3 1
87.31 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl. Takeoff distance 15,068 ft 252 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 67 kn. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 15,068 ft using 251.51 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
88.59 %
Liftoff speed was 67 kn - Target 75 kn
Alignment
66.55 %
36.8 ft left to 0.0 ft left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
62.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 35 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3 2
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,000-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-1001020304050607080 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
96.81 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 28 KALB Albany Intl.
Alignment
89.89 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
97.37 %
4 2.5 1
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
6 4 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
600 350 100
99.09 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 28 KALB Albany Intl.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
100 90 80
Bank °
96.34 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 7.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 850 400
90.68 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 28 KALB Albany Intl.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 95 80
Bank °
53.42 %
20 10 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 6.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,400 850 300
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,000075150225300375 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.7510100200300400500600 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.751-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl in the Piper PA-24 Comanche
Landing Score 74.48 %
72.42 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 636 ft agl to 29 ft agl. A decrease of 607 ft in 38 seconds.
Glideslope
0 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
66.79 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
0 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
76 68 60
Alignment
66.79 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
95.32 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-528 -1,014 -1,500
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-180-135-90-4504590135180 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
62.93 %
Landing
Landing on runway 28 at KALB Albany Intl, runway length 5,991 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 64 kn.
Height
41.47 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
77.19 %
Threshold speed was a little below target at 64 kt. Target 76 kt
Flare
40.33 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
81.79 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
64 52 40
Pitch °
Info
7 4 1
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-36 -318 -600
02505007501,00001123344657 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
02505007501,000-80-64-48-32-1601632486480 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
88.08 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 962 ft. Touchdown speed at 44 kn was good. Touchdown rate was perfect at -48 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 62 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
100 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -51 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 44 kt was good. Target below 51 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 962 ft.
Alignment
39.63 %
Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 62 ft from centreline.
Bank
68.5 %
Bank angle 0.8 °
G
74.29 %
G 0.56 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Metrics
Metrics

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