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EDDK
Köln (Cologne), Germany
Runway 13L
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight915 kg
Fuel58 kg
Wind120° · 9 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

91.56 %
EDLV
Weeze, Germany
Runway 27
Elevation98 ft asl
Weight901 kg
Fuel44 kg
Wind150° · 10 kn · 8 kn cross
21 Oct 2026 0:49 77 nm Cessna Skyhawk 14 kg
Departure Score
92.10 %
Enroute Score
99.99 %
Arrival Score
82.59 %

What went well

Touchdown 374 m in — inside the full-score zone
Flare on profile — 100 %
1.15 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 43 %, 500 ft gate 71 %, −2.86 points
Departure Taxi — peak speed in a turn 24 kt at 40 %, −1.59 points
Arrival Taxi — Landing Lights at 1 %, peak speed in a turn 24 kt at 55 %, −1.53 points

Next time

Departure

Ease the nose up sooner to lift off at 57 kt instead of letting speed build on the ground.

What happened: The aircraft lifted off at 72 kt, 15 kt above the target liftoff speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 57 kt at liftoff

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Fly a steeper descent on final so you cross the threshold at 50 ft.

What happened: You crossed the threshold at 74 ft agl, above the 50 ft agl target. Crossing high like this usually reduces your margin before the touchdown zone ends.

Watch for: Radio altimeter against 50 ft at the threshold.

See Arrival Landing

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 19 stages, 18 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 76.13Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 11 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt0 kt min to max 26 kt 0 24 kt
40 % Average speed turning corners 22 ktmax 24 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° 2.0 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.4 0.6 °

Events

Info Runway Surface Conditions 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 14 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Departure Roll 84.37Departure roll runway 13L at EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport. Takeoff distance 401 m 11 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 72 kt. Local weather - Temperature 9 °C. Wind 9 kt at 119 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 9 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 401 m11 % of runway
67 % Liftoff speed was 72 ktTarget 57 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.95 m left5.95 m left to 0.00 m left 4.86 1.37 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 1.00 g
80 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.1 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.8 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 13L EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° -0.1 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt72 kt min to max 85 kt 72 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 0.0 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.97 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 392 fpm268 fpm min to max 646 fpm 268 646 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 48 ft agl 3 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °2.9 ° min to max 6.5 ° 2.9 6.5 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 13L EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.3 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt85 kt min to max 93 kt 85 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.8 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 773 fpm650 fpm min to max 1,209 fpm 666 1,209 fpm
Info Average altitude 112 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 399 ft agl 49 399 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °4.5 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.5 6.1 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 399 ft agl · 96 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 13L EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 92 kt91 kt min to max 92 ktTarget 83 kt, 9 kt fast 92 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.2 °1.4 ° min to max 16.5 ° 1.4 16.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.01 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation 0.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 -0.6 °
Info Average VSI 1,250 fpm1,159 fpm min to max 1,292 fpm 1,229 1,159 fpm
Info Average altitude 486 ft agl418 ft agl min to max 552 ft agl 418 552 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.9 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.2 4.9 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport Köln (Cologne) (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 811 ft asl to 997 ft asl, an increase of 186 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 96 kt93 kt min to max 98 kt 93 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.4 °12.5 ° min to max 17.4 ° 15.8 17.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.00 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 912 fpm792 fpm min to max 1,099 fpm 1,099 988 fpm
Info Average altitude 907 ft asl811 ft asl min to max 997 ft asl 811 997 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °3.1 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 4.1 °
Info Turn coordination 2320 min to max 27 23 20
Enroute Level 99.97Enroute level cruise started overhead EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport Köln (Cologne) (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±551 ft of 1,011 ft asl751 ft asl min to max 1,222 ft asl 1,021 751 ft asl
100 % Average speed 95 kt87 kt min to max 109 kt 99 90 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.0 ° min to max 29.7 ° 18.2 3.4 °
99.7 % Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.49 g 1.07 1.04 g
Info Turn coordination 11-10 min to max 33 19 9
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-7.5 ° min to max 4.8 ° 4.2 1.2 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of Roesrath (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 753 ft asl to 5,097 ft asl, an increase of 4,344 ft in 5 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kt85 kt min to max 103 kt 89 93 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.1 ° min to max 31.8 ° 2.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.92 g min to max 1.27 g 1.05 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 925 fpm-371 fpm min to max 1,816 fpm 137 360 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,007 ft asl753 ft asl min to max 5,097 ft asl 753 5,097 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °-3.9 ° min to max 9.5 ° 1.6 1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 22-31 min to max 42 10 -5
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Bergisch Gladbach (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±757 ft of 5,000 ft asl4,775 ft asl min to max 5,412 ft asl 5,133 4,775 ft asl
100 % Average speed 88 kt80 kt min to max 99 kt 96 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 1.6 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 12-13 min to max 26 -13 13
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-4.1 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.2 0.2 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Duesseldorf (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 4,764 ft asl to 3,945 ft asl, a decrease of 820 ft in 4 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kt88 kt min to max 95 kt 90 89 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.6 °0.0 ° min to max 16.2 ° 3.8 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -200 fpm-537 fpm min to max 103 fpm -151 -144 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,490 ft asl3,945 ft asl min to max 4,764 ft asl 4,764 3,945 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-1.9 ° min to max 1.5 ° -0.3 0.5 °
Info Turn coordination 16-7 min to max 29 21 16
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Kaarst (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 10 minutes, covering 18 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±695 ft of 3,634 ft asl3,290 ft asl min to max 4,160 ft asl 3,901 4,031 ft asl
100 % Average speed 90 kt81 kt min to max 99 kt 90 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.1 ° min to max 23.9 ° 3.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.84 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 190 min to max 35 14 16
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-3.1 ° min to max 5.6 ° -0.4 -2.1 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north east of Wachtendonk (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Descent from 3,990 ft asl to 1,578 ft asl, a decrease of 2,412 ft in 5 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 91 kt83 kt min to max 99 kt 96 92 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.0 °0.0 ° min to max 13.8 ° 1.5 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -434 fpm-914 fpm min to max 32 fpm -304 32 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,247 ft asl1,577 ft asl min to max 3,990 ft asl 3,990 1,578 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-4.5 ° min to max 1.7 ° -2.0 1.7 °
Info Turn coordination 15-2 min to max 25 19 20
Enroute Level 4 99.96Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Kevelaer (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±579 ft of 1,363 ft asl1,182 ft asl min to max 1,589 ft asl 1,578 1,249 ft asl
100 % Average speed 95 kt86 kt min to max 105 kt 91 91 kt
100 % Average bank angle 9.8 °0.3 ° min to max 32.7 ° 4.2 1.9 °
99.6 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.49 g 1.03 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 17-14 min to max 43 12 16
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-6.5 ° min to max 6.9 ° 1.8 -1.0 °
Arrival Approach 57.14Final approach to runway 27 at EDLV Weeze Airport. Descent from 1,084 ft agl to 154 ft agl in 162 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
0 % Landing flapfailed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
50 % On centrelinefailed at one of the two gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
50 % Wings levelfailed at one of the two gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 583 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 570 ft agl · 72 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 573 ft agl · 70 kt
Arrival Landing 89.38Landing on runway 27 at EDLV Weeze Airport, runway length 2,433 m. Threshold height at 74 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 57 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 57 kt. Target 59 kt
58 % Threshold height at 74 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The flare was flown from 74 ft agl over the threshold, well above the target height, so the aircraft was above the profile for most of the landing. Touchdown was 374 m past the threshold. The flare cannot recover height that was never lost - fly the approach down to the aim point and the flare has somewhere to start from.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.91 m right1.70 m left to 4.91 m right -0.83 -4.91 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.95 g min to max 1.10 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average speed 49 kt37 kt min to max 57 kt 57 37 kt
Info Average VSI -414 fpm-743 fpm min to max -138 fpm -743 -145 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl-10 ft agl min to max 74 ft agl 74 -10 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °-2.5 ° min to max 6.4 ° -2.5 6.2 °
07515022530037545001530445974Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.54Touchdown distance was good at 374 m. Touchdown speed at 37 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -152 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 10 kt at 150 °. Crosswind: 8 kt Tailwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Touchdown rate was -152 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 374 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 37 ktTarget below 58 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 5.00 m right4.98 m right -4.91 -4.98 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.06 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 37 kt37 kt min to max 37 kt 37 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °5.1 ° min to max 6.3 ° 6.2 5.1 °

Events

Info Runway Surface Conditions 4 ft agl · 46 kt
Arrival Rollout 95.76Total landing distance 1,070 m, 44 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.6 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,070 m44 % of runway.
91 % Runway alignment max 10.59 m right1.06 m left to 10.59 m right -3.36 -10.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 37 kt30 kt min to max 50 kt 50 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.2 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.5 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 39 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 32 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 47 kt16 kt min to max 58 kt 30 16 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-0.8 ° min to max 11.8 ° 2.5 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.66 g min to max 1.39 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 4 ft agl · 45 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 44 kt
Arrival Taxi 77.12Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 17 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 16 0 kt
55 % Average speed turning corners 21 ktmax 24 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.9 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.4 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.3 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 71 kt with 3.1° of pitch. Climb 3 averaged 92 kt, 9 kt over its 83 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 83120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.1° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 22 kt 3.1° 0 s
Liftoff258 m · target 57 71 kt 3.1° 10.8 s
35 ft585 m · 8.8 s after liftoff 84 kt 5.5° 19.6 s
Climb 31,791 m · 418 ft to 553 ft · target 83 92 kt avg 6.2° 47.6 s
End of Climb 32,100 m · 553 ft 92 kt 4.9° 54.8 s

Takeoff from EDDK 13L

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
401m11 %
Liftoff speed66.83
71kttarget 57, 14 fast
Runway alignment100.00
5.95m L
Bounce on takeoff80.00
Yes
Climb 3 speed100.00
92kttarget 83
Rate of climb100.00
392fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 553 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 3,141 m of runway left; then climbing at 750 fpm on average to 553 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 392 kt avgtarget 83THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 71 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 3,801 m runway.

Rolled from 75 m in, drifted 6.8 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 8 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 6.81 m RROLL 75 M INAirborne 333 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 333 m of 3,801 m · 9 %
Behind the start of the roll, 75 mTakeoff roll, 258 m Left ahead, 3,468 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 42.863 of 7500 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate710 fpm450 fpm
On glideslope2.7°3.0°
On centreline1.1° off0.4° off
On speed+40 kt+21 kt
Wings level16° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set, centreline more than 1° off, wings more than 10° from level and speed more than 30 kt above the approach speed of 59 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set and speed more than 18 kt above the approach speed of 59 kt.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: banked until 2.9 nm, no landing flap until 1.3 nm, slow until 0.3 nm, right of the centreline from 1.5 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDLV 27

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 310 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,0046134472931,000 ft gate3 of 7landing flapon centrelineon speedwings level946 ft · 99 kt500 ft gate5 of 7landing flapon speed526 ft · 80 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 209 m right at 3.6 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND186 m R47 m L73 m R21 m R102 m L23 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 30 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 1.5 nm (up to +49 kt), then inside the band to 1.1 nm, then slow to 0.3 nm (up to −14 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 59+42 kt+47 kt−13 kt−9 kt−2 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDLV 27

Over the threshold

Threshold height57.51
74ft
Threshold speed100.00
56kttarget 59, 3 slow
Centreline offset100.00
4.91m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
374m
Centreline100.00
5.00m R
Speed100.00
37kttarget 58 or less
Touchdown rate87.71
-152fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
Bounces80.00
1
The flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The flare was flown from 74 ft agl over the threshold, well above the target height, so the aircraft was above the profile for most of the landing. Touchdown was 374 m past the threshold. The flare cannot recover height that was never lost - fly the approach down to the aim point and the flare has somewhere to start from.

The crosswind

8 kt across from the left, which takes about 12° of crab to hold the centreline at 37 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 150° at 10 kt · 5 kt tail · 8 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 51 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 36 s, an average deceleration of 0.03 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 695 mtouchdown723 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 74 ft, 24 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 31 ft. Touched down 374 m in, 70 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

74 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 31 ft · −592 fpm · −0.1° · 54 ktdescent slowed at 3 ft · −89 fpm · 6.3°−152 fpm · 6.2° nose up · 37 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 74 ft, down at 374 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 590 fpm at the flare to 150 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−3°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−152 fpm at touchdown6.2° at touchdown, +6.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,433 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 m right of the centreline and drifted to 8.8 m right on the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 8 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 374 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 374 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.15 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 1,059 m of 2,433 m · 44 %
In the air over the runway, 374 mRollout, 685 m Left over, 1,374 m
Rollout distance100.00
685m43 % used
Rollout alignment90.58
10.59m R

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Cessna Skyhawk taxied from the parking area to runway 13L at EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport in 11 minutes, covering 2 nm.

Takeoff was performed on runway 13L with a takeoff distance of 401 m, which was 11 % of the runway. Liftoff occurred at 72 kt. The local weather at departure was temperature 9 °C, wind 9 kt from 119°, giving a crosswind component of 3 kt and a head-wind component of 9 kt.

The initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 39 seconds, averaging 790 fpm and reaching 92 kt at the top.

Afterward the aircraft levelled at 1,000 ft asl for 3 minutes, covering 6 nm while remaining overhead EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport Köln.

Climb continued from 753 ft asl to 5,097 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 8 nm, beginning 1 mile west of Roesrath.

The aircraft then cruised level at 5,000 ft asl for 11 minutes, covering 19 nm, starting 1 mile east of Bergisch Gladbach.

Descent from 4,764 ft asl to 3,945 ft asl took 4 minutes, covering 7 nm, beginning 2 miles south of Duesseldorf.

A further level segment at 3,600 ft asl lasted 10 minutes, covering 18 nm, starting overhead Kaarst.

Descent from 3,990 ft asl to 1,249 ft asl occurred in 7 minutes, covering 12 nm, beginning 2 miles north-east of Wachtendonk.

Final approach to runway 27 at EDLV Weeze Airport began with a descent from 1,084 ft agl to 154 ft agl in 162 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope and speed; they were not met for landing flap, centreline (at one gate) and wings level (at one gate). The aircraft was in final flap position 3 at 573 ft agl and was flying 70 kt.

Landing on runway 27 was performed with a threshold height of 74 ft agl, which was well above target, and a threshold speed of 57 kt, described as good. The flare was noted as perfect; the aircraft crossed the threshold high. Touchdown occurred 374 m from the threshold at 37 kt and a rate of minus 152 fpm, both described as good. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 5.0 m from the centreline. One bounce occurred on touchdown.

Total landing distance was 1,070 m, representing 44 % of the runway length of 2,433 m. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.6 m from the centreline. Local weather at landing was temperature 10 °C, wind 10 kt from 150°, giving a crosswind component of 8 kt and a tailwind component of 5 kt.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in less than 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.

The entire flight covered 77 nm, lasted 49 minutes and used 14 kg of fuel.

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