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CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 26
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight12,771 lbs
Fuel1,804 lbs
Wind290° · 7 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

87.75 %
CNY3
Collingwood, Canada
Runway 31
Elevation722 ft asl
Weight12,521 lbs
Fuel1,542 lbs
25 Sep 2022 0:17 58 nm Beechcraft King Air 350 262 lbs
Departure Score
93.84 %
Enroute Score
92.42 %
Arrival Score
73.69 %

What went well

Touchdown 904 ft in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 8.6 ft off the centreline, no bounce
1.19 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was excessively high at 167 kn at 0 %, bank angle up to 5.1 ° at 0 %, −3.82 points
Enroute Climb — speed limits at 36 %, −1.71 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 163 kn at 16 %, Touchdown VSI was -344 ft/m at 45 %, −1.56 points

Next time

Keep the approach speed on target

See Arrival Landing

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 18 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 2 kn0 kn min to max 7 kn 0 7 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 5 knmax 5 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
0 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-2.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 5 ft agl
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 5 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 5 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Roll 83.90Departure roll runway 26 at CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre. Takeoff distance 243 ft 6 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 120 kn. Local weather - Temperature 62 °F. Wind 7 kn at 290 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 243 ft6 % of runway
76 % Liftoff speed was 120 knTarget 110 kn
93 % Runway alignment max 5.4 ft0.0 ft left to 5.4 ft right -0.5 -2.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.09 g 1.01 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 2.8 ° -1.4 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.4 °

Events

Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 98.58Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 126 kn121 kn min to max 130 kn 121 130 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.7 0.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.21 g1.12 g min to max 1.30 g 1.12 1.17 g
Info Average VSI 725 ft/m383 ft/m min to max 1,066 ft/m 383 1,066 ft/m
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 41 ft agl 0 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °3.1 ° min to max 9.0 ° 3.1 9.0 °
Departure Climb 2 97.21Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 -0.3 °
98 % Average speed 132 kn130 kn min to max 136 kn 130 134 kn
92 % Average bank angle 1.7 °1.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.0 3.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.16 g1.07 g min to max 1.19 g 1.16 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 1,580 ft/m1,095 ft/m min to max 3,352 ft/m 1,095 3,352 ft/m
Info Average altitude 92 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 326 ft agl 51 326 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °9.0 ° min to max 15.6 ° 9.0 15.6 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 57 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 57 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 167 ft agl · 139 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.52Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 26 CYTZ Toronto\/City Centre.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.2 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.9 ° -0.9 -1.7 °
100 % Average speed 136 kn134 kn min to max 139 kn 136 139 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 3.1 ° 1.8 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.82 g min to max 0.98 g 0.91 0.92 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 3,363 ft/m2,840 ft/m min to max 3,581 ft/m 3,564 2,840 ft/m
Info Average altitude 724 ft agl438 ft agl min to max 988 ft agl 438 988 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 16.3 °13.5 ° min to max 18.5 ° 16.4 13.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 387 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 621 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 621 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 682 ft agl · 138 kt
Enroute Climb 74.33Enroute climb started 1 mile south of Niagara (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 1,334 ft asl to 1,974 ft asl, an increase of 640 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
36 % Climb speed 187 kn144 kn min to max 214 knTarget 140 kn 144 214 kn
100 % Average bank angle 14.0 °0.1 ° min to max 33.2 ° 4.4 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.88 g min to max 1.19 g 0.90 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 806 ft/m-160 ft/m min to max 2,672 ft/m 2,672 -160 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,801 ft asl1,334 ft asl min to max 1,989 ft asl 1,334 1,974 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.3 °1.6 ° min to max 11.8 ° 11.8 1.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 97.79Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Roncesvalles (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
93 % Average altitude 1,996 ft asl1,948 ft asl min to max 2,042 ft asl 1,972 2,000 ft asl
100 % Average speed 239 kn224 kn min to max 244 kn 224 238 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.3 ° 0.8 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.85 g min to max 1.24 g 1.01 1.24 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.5 ° min to max 4.4 ° 1.7 4.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,570 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,570 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,561 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 1,561 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 1,553 ft agl · 239 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Humber Summit (Toronto county, Ontario, Canada). Climbing from 2,019 ft asl to 9,746 ft asl, an increase of 7,726 ft in 3 minutes and covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 193 kn180 kn min to max 228 kn 228 198 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.5 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.94 g min to max 1.24 g 1.24 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 2,256 ft/m487 ft/m min to max 3,725 ft/m 968 487 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,581 ft asl2,019 ft asl min to max 9,746 ft asl 2,019 9,746 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.6 °3.1 ° min to max 11.5 ° 5.6 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 8,456 ft agl · 208 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of CSV8 Schomberg (sloan Valley View Farm Airfield) Shomberg (Ontario, Canada) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 9,881 ft asl9,811 ft asl min to max 9,902 ft asl 9,811 9,895 ft asl
100 % Average speed 255 kn241 kn min to max 259 kn 241 259 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °1.4 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 1.6 °
Enroute Descent 90.00Enroute descent started overhead Tottenham (Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada). Descent from 9,839 ft asl to 2,511 ft asl, a decrease of 7,328 ft in 6 minutes and covering 24 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 250 kn199 kn min to max 277 kn 262 199 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.3 °0.1 ° min to max 28.1 ° 0.7 15.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.19 g 1.01 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,158 ft/m-1,538 ft/m min to max -47 ft/m -960 -480 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,442 ft asl2,511 ft asl min to max 9,839 ft asl 9,839 2,511 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-2.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° -0.6 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 9,081 ft agl · 259 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 9,081 ft agl · 259 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,846 ft agl · 252 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,624 ft agl · 251 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 3,624 ft agl · 251 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,089 ft agl · 243 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,071 ft agl · 241 kt
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Tottenham (Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 181 kn178 kn min to max 188 kn 188 178 kn
100 % Average bank angle 21.1 °10.0 ° min to max 29.7 ° 15.7 10.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.90 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -1,729 ft/m-2,655 ft/m min to max -718 ft/m -802 -1,894 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,231 ft asl1,834 ft asl min to max 2,484 ft asl 2,484 1,834 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-5.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 -1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 83.43Approaching runway 31 at CNY3 Collingwood from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,083 ft agl to 630 ft agl. A decrease of 453 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Approach angle 2.3 °1.9 ° min to max 2.6 °Target 3.0 ° 2.6 1.9 °
100 % Average speed 171 kn164 kn min to max 178 kn 178 164 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° -0.2 0.1 °
43 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 8.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.06 g 0.97 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -1,437 ft/m-1,769 ft/m min to max -1,127 ft/m -1,769 -1,546 ft/m
Info Average altitude 845 ft agl630 ft agl min to max 1,083 ft agl 1,083 630 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-2.6 ° min to max -1.0 ° -2.6 -1.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 802 ft agl · 174 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 697 ft agl · 169 kt
33.253.53.7545506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-320-240-160-80080160240320Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 3 80.39Approaching runway 31 at CNY3 Collingwood from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 584 ft agl to 281 ft agl. A decrease of 303 ft in 18 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
54 % Approach angle 1.5 °1.3 ° min to max 1.8 °Target 3.0 ° 1.8 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 175 kn163 kn min to max 191 kn 163 191 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
71 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.2 ° min to max 4.5 ° 1.7 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -981 ft/m-1,417 ft/m min to max -493 ft/m -1,417 -493 ft/m
Info Average altitude 399 ft agl281 ft agl min to max 584 ft agl 584 281 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° -1.3 1.0 °
22.252.52.7532002503003504004505005506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-260-195-130-65065130195260Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 2 85.57Approaching runway 31 at CNY3 Collingwood from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 265 ft agl to 242 ft agl. A decrease of 23 ft in 14 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
58 % Approach angle 1.6 °1.3 ° min to max 2.1 °Target 3.0 ° 1.3 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 198 kn194 kn min to max 202 kn 194 200 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.0 °
91 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.4 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.8 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 0.94 g
Info Average VSI -125 ft/m-504 ft/m min to max 118 ft/m -504 118 ft/m
Info Average altitude 245 ft agl236 ft agl min to max 265 ft agl 265 242 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °0.8 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.8 2.2 °
11.251.51.752150200250300350400450500550600650700Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-190-143-95-4804895143190Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Final 1 85.33Approaching runway 31 at CNY3 Collingwood from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 241 ft agl to 37 ft agl. A decrease of 204 ft in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Approach angle 2.5 °2.0 ° min to max 2.8 °Target 3.0 ° 2.3 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 172 kn168 kn min to max 199 kn 199 168 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
87 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.1 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.79 g min to max 1.22 g 0.90 1.21 g
Info Average VSI -910 ft/m-1,116 ft/m min to max 24 ft/m 24 -1,100 ft/m
Info Average altitude 83 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 241 ft agl 241 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.9 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.6 1.5 °

Events

Fail Flaps not extended
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 19.83Landing on runway 31 at CNY3 Collingwood, runway length 4,985 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was excessively high at 167 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 167 kn. Target 100 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
0 % Average bank angle 3.6 °1.6 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.3 1.6 °
98 % Average g force 1.14 g1.01 g min to max 1.28 g 1.24 1.04 g
Info Average speed 165 kn163 kn min to max 167 kn 167 163 kn
Info Average VSI -687 ft/m-1,089 ft/m min to max -356 ft/m -1,089 -356 ft/m
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 22 ft agl 22 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.4 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.6 2.0 °
02505007501,00001123344557Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,000-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 67.32Touchdown distance was good at 861 ft. Touchdown speed at 163 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -344 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 62 °F. Wind 2 kn at 160 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Touchdown VSI was -344 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 861 ftTarget 1,500 ft
16 % Speed at touchdown 163 knTarget 91 kn
86 % Runway alignment max 8.7 ft6.8 ft left 4.3 8.6 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g1.05 g min to max 1.19 g 1.15 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 160 kn155 kn min to max 163 kn 163 155 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-1.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 -1.0 °
Arrival Rollout 93.94Total landing distance 2,114 ft, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,114 ft42 % of runway.
87 % Runway alignment max 8.5 ft8.5 ft left to 0.0 ft left 8.5 5.2 ft
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.93 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average speed 100 kn33 kn min to max 153 kn 153 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-2.1 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -2.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.3 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 120 kt with 3.1° of pitch. Climb 3 held close to its 140 kt target, at 136 kt on average.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 140150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.1° off9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 14 kt -1.4° 0 s
80 kt643 ft 80 kt -0.8° 8.4 s
Liftoff1,810 ft 120 kt 3.1° 15.4 s
35 ft2,363 ft · 2.7 s after liftoff 129 kt 8.8° 18.1 s
Climb 34,217 ft · 438 ft to 988 ft · target 140 136 kt avg 16.4° 26.6 s
End of Climb 36,394 ft · 988 ft 139 kt 13.5° 36.6 s

Takeoff from CYTZ 26

Takeoff roll100.00
2,332ft57 %
Liftoff speed76.50
120kt
Runway alignment93.02
5.4ft R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Climb 3 speed100.00
136kttarget 140
Rate of climb98.58
725fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 988 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,207 ft of runway left; then climbing at 2,800 fpm on average to 988 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3136 kt avgtarget 140THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 120 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 4,106 ft runway.

Rolled from 537 ft in, drifted 5 ft right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 5.2 ft RROLL 537 FT INAirborne 2,347 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,347 ft of 4,106 ft · 57 %
Behind the start of the roll, 537 ftTakeoff roll, 1,810 ft Left ahead, 1,759 ft

The approach to CNY3 31

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 4 nm to 2.9 nm, then low to 0.9 nm (up to 430 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,160697292230222167
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 11× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 110 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR280 ft L0280 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND97 ft R52 ft L6 ft L45 ft L5 ft L12 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on CNY3 31

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
22ft
Threshold speed0.00
167kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
904ft
Centreline86.02
8.7ft L
Speed16.39
162kt
Touchdown rate44.54
-344fpm
Impact100.00
1.19G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 166 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.90 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 1,134 ft30 kt · 1,315 fttouchdown1,368 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 4,985 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 22 ft, 28 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 904 ft in, close to the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 4,985 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

22 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −344 fpm · 2° nose up · 163 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 22 ft, down at 904 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 940 fpm at 24 ft to 340 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−344 fpm at touchdown2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 4,985 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 9 ft left of the centreline, and stayed within 8 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 904 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 904 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 344 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 1,868 ft of 4,985 ft · 37 %
In the air over the runway, 904 ftRollout, 964 ft Left over, 3,117 ft
Rollout distance100.00
964ft37 % used
Rollout alignment86.54
8.5ft L

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