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LIKO
Italy
Runway 03
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight1,202 kg
Fuel140 kg
Wind68° · 10 kn · 6 kn cross

Flight Score

97.36 %
LIPR
Rimini, Italy
Runway 31
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,174 kg
Fuel108 kg
Wind60° · 16 kn · 15 kn cross
2 Oct 2025 0:56 100 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 32 kg
Departure Score
94.17 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
97.91 %

What went well

Touched down at -148 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 303 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 15 ft and 81 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 1 — bank angle up to 10.7 ° at 77 %, Heading variation 1.9 ° at 85 %, −0.78 points
Departure Roll — Runway alignment max 12.16 m right at 67 %, −0.67 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 10.4 ° at 78 %, −0.37 points

Next time

Departure

On the roll, make small rudder corrections against a point at the far end of the runway to hold the centreline within 12 m.

What happened: The takeoff roll drifted off the centreline by 12 m, and excess bank then carried through all three climb segments. A drifted roll like this usually leads into wandering bank angle through the climb.

Watch for: Watch the heading indicator and runway centreline during the roll, and the attitude indicator for wings level through the climb.

See Departure RollDeparture Climb 1Departure Climb 2Departure Climb 3

Pull to 15 degrees at one rate and you get a clean liftoff, pull to the same 15 degrees at twice the rate and you get an overshoot, a push, and an oscillation through the first few hundred feet. The type-general rule of thumb is a rotation rate of about 2 to 3 degrees per second, which means roughly five to seven seconds from starting the pull to reaching the initial climb attitude of around 15 degrees nose-up. Count it out loud during your next takeoff and you will almost certainly discover you have been rotating in two seconds flat.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 22 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, Average speed was 25 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 18 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 4 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °1.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.4 1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.5 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Parking Brake On 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 7 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 8 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 1 ft agl · 9 kt
Departure Roll 91.99Departure roll runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. Takeoff distance 193 m 29 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kt. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 10 kt at 67 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 8 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 193 m29 % of runway
93 % Liftoff speed was 70 ktTarget 60 kt
67 % Runway alignment max 12.16 m right1.92 m left to 12.16 m right -2.24 -12.16 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.3 ° min to max 6.2 ° 1.3 6.2 °
Info Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 10.7 ° 0.6 4.4 °
Departure Climb 1 90.64Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Heading variation 1.9 °0.8 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.8 0.8 °
100 % Average speed 74 kt70 kt min to max 79 kt 70 79 kt
77 % Average bank angle 6.9 °2.9 ° min to max 10.7 ° 4.8 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.19 g 1.12 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 388 fpm267 fpm min to max 447 fpm 267 417 fpm
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °5.6 ° min to max 7.3 ° 6.6 5.8 °
Departure Climb 2 98.47Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-2.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 -1.9 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt77 kt min to max 86 kt 79 80 kt
94 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.8 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.87 g min to max 1.13 g 0.99 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 483 fpm353 fpm min to max 1,291 fpm 415 1,079 fpm
Info Average altitude 90 ft agl45 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 45 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.5 °5.0 ° min to max 11.8 ° 5.8 10.2 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 64 ft agl · 77 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.56Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 03 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.7 °-2.2 ° min to max -0.9 ° -2.2 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt77 kt min to max 89 kt 78 89 kt
78 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.1 ° min to max 10.4 ° 0.6 9.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.73 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 1.09 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 528 fpm123 fpm min to max 989 fpm 989 859 fpm
Info Average altitude 494 ft agl395 ft agl min to max 616 ft agl 395 616 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.2 °7.1 ° min to max 12.4 ° 11.7 12.4 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile north east of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 745 ft asl to 923 ft asl, an increase of 178 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kt85 kt min to max 91 kt 89 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.9 °6.5 ° min to max 10.0 ° 10.0 8.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.83 g min to max 1.09 g 1.09 1.06 g
Info Average VSI 714 fpm131 fpm min to max 1,103 fpm 1,047 172 fpm
Info Average altitude 860 ft asl745 ft asl min to max 923 ft asl 745 923 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °6.2 ° min to max 12.7 ° 12.7 7.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±546 ft of 1,329 ft asl929 ft asl min to max 1,648 ft asl 929 1,648 ft asl
100 % Average speed 123 kt88 kt min to max 141 kt 88 120 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 16.0 ° 7.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.59 g min to max 1.25 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-3.3 ° min to max 10.1 ° 8.5 3.2 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 954 ft agl · 92 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Conselice (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,658 ft asl to 6,862 ft asl, an increase of 5,204 ft in 9 minutes and covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 110 kt95 kt min to max 122 kt 120 109 kt
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 8.3 ° 1.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.11 g 1.01 0.93 g
Info Average VSI 593 fpm6 fpm min to max 1,032 fpm 602 6 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,691 ft asl1,658 ft asl min to max 6,862 ft asl 1,658 6,862 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.1 ° min to max 8.3 ° 3.4 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,894 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,894 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,905 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,905 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2,406 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,758 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 6,758 ft agl · 112 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 4 miles west of Marina Romea (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 18 minutes, covering 31 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±843 ft of 6,855 ft asl6,844 ft asl min to max 6,868 ft asl 6,865 6,844 ft asl
100 % Average speed 118 kt112 kt min to max 122 kt 112 120 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.0 ° min to max 22.8 ° 0.0 22.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 1.10 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.8 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.7 2.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 6,858 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 6,858 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 6,849 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 6,849 ft agl · 130 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 20 miles north east of Bellaria-Igea Marina (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 6,843 ft asl to 6,235 ft asl, a decrease of 608 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 121 kt118 kt min to max 126 kt 120 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 8.1 °0.0 ° min to max 23.6 ° 23.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.09 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -209 fpm-502 fpm min to max 12 fpm -74 -502 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,712 ft asl6,235 ft asl min to max 6,843 ft asl 6,843 6,235 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.0 -0.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 6,839 ft agl · 130 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 6,839 ft agl · 130 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 18 miles north east of Rimini (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±808 ft of 5,855 ft asl5,562 ft asl min to max 6,153 ft asl 6,153 5,562 ft asl
100 % Average speed 121 kt116 kt min to max 126 kt 125 124 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.5 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 2.1 ° -0.4 -0.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 5,928 ft agl · 139 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 5,928 ft agl · 139 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 5,857 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 5,857 ft agl · 132 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 6 miles north east of Gabicce Mare (Marche, Italy). Descent from 5,471 ft asl to 2,917 ft asl, a decrease of 2,555 ft in 5 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 126 kt115 kt min to max 133 kt 125 115 kt
100 % Average bank angle 14.9 °0.0 ° min to max 24.3 ° 0.1 14.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.95 g min to max 1.20 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -480 fpm-776 fpm min to max 79 fpm -500 71 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,991 ft asl2,912 ft asl min to max 5,471 ft asl 5,471 2,917 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.6 ° min to max 2.3 ° -0.4 2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,928 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,928 ft agl · 136 kt
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south west of Pesaro (Marche, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±646 ft of 2,895 ft asl2,784 ft asl min to max 2,942 ft asl 2,918 2,796 ft asl
100 % Average speed 105 kt92 kt min to max 115 kt 115 95 kt
100 % Average bank angle 5.4 °0.0 ° min to max 11.7 ° 11.1 9.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.79 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 0.90 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.4 -1.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,599 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,632 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 2,739 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2,739 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,687 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 2,687 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,687 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,742 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,742 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 2,740 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,742 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,742 ft agl · 94 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Gradara (Marche, Italy). Descent from 2,789 ft asl to 1,292 ft asl, a decrease of 1,496 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 104 kt96 kt min to max 106 kt 96 104 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 8.1 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 0.92 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -591 fpm-857 fpm min to max -325 fpm -325 -355 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,767 ft asl1,292 ft asl min to max 2,789 ft asl 2,789 1,292 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-3.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -2.8 -2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 4 97.63Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,260 ft agl to 946 ft agl. A decrease of 314 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.9 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt102 kt min to max 105 kt 104 103 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 0.5 °
88 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.2 ° min to max 7.4 ° 0.9 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 0.94 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -560 fpm-832 fpm min to max -379 fpm -379 -832 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,115 ft agl946 ft agl min to max 1,260 ft agl 1,260 946 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.6 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.5 ° -2.2 -3.2 °
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 99.74Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 932 ft agl to 635 ft agl. A decrease of 297 ft in 33 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 100 kt97 kt min to max 103 kt 103 97 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.2 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 0.7 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.12 g 0.95 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -550 fpm-849 fpm min to max -238 fpm -840 -290 fpm
Info Average altitude 779 ft agl635 ft agl min to max 932 ft agl 932 635 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.6 °-3.6 ° min to max 0.4 ° -3.6 -0.2 °
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 98.83Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 630 ft agl to 278 ft agl. A decrease of 352 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.5 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 2.6 °
100 % Average speed 95 kt90 kt min to max 98 kt 97 90 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.2 0.4 °
94 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.0 2.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.80 g min to max 1.16 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -575 fpm-1,000 fpm min to max -138 fpm -321 -528 fpm
Info Average altitude 486 ft agl278 ft agl min to max 630 ft agl 630 278 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.1 °-5.7 ° min to max 1.4 ° -0.1 -1.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 545 ft agl · 98 kt
11.251.51.752200250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 99.64Approaching runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 272 ft agl to 25 ft agl. A decrease of 248 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.9 °1.0 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.6 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 85 kt82 kt min to max 90 kt 90 82 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
98 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 4.7 ° 1.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 1.12 1.11 g
Info Average VSI -539 fpm-652 fpm min to max -84 fpm -383 -396 fpm
Info Average altitude 81 ft agl25 ft agl min to max 272 ft agl 272 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.4 °-3.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° -0.1 0.9 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 98.89Landing on runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport, runway length 2,376 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 82 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
96 % Excellent landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.06 m left0.06 m left to 0.05 m left 0.06 0.06 m
98 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 0.6 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 0.99 g
Info Average speed 75 kt67 kt min to max 82 kt 82 67 kt
Info Average VSI -149 fpm-385 fpm min to max -40 fpm -385 -83 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 16 ft agl 16 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.0 ° min to max 4.2 ° 1.0 4.2 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 97.57Touchdown distance was good at 303 m. Touchdown speed at 67 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -83 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 11 kt at 60 °. Crosswind: 10 kt Tailwind: 4 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -83 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 303 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 67 ktTarget below 69 kt
84 % Runway alignment max 7.50 m left7.42 m left 7.49 7.29 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 2.2 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.99 g min to max 1.14 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 66 kt65 kt min to max 67 kt 67 65 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.5 °4.2 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.2 4.6 °
Arrival Rollout 93.10Total landing distance 517 m, 22 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 517 m22 % of runway.
85 % Runway alignment max 7.25 m left7.25 m left to 0.00 m left 7.25 2.66 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 65 kt42 kt min to max 70 kt 70 42 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-2.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 4.6 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 4.4 °0.6 ° min to max 9.0 ° 0.6 2.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 28 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 33 kt6 kt min to max 68 kt 35 68 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °0.7 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.8 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 1.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 6.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.1° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 49 kt 1.3° 0 s
Liftoff192 m · target 60 69 kt 6.1° 7.2 s
35 ft386 m · 5.8 s after liftoff 75 kt 6.5° 13.0 s
End of Climb 32,499 m · 616 ft 89 kt 12.4° 67 s

Takeoff from LIKO 03

Takeoff roll100.00
247m37 %
Liftoff speed93.18
69kttarget 60, 9 fast
Runway alignment66.78
12.16m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb90.64
388fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 616 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 237 m of runway left; then climbing at 620 fpm on average to 616 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 ktSCALE CHANGES1.9 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.

Rolled from 54 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 12 m at the widest, and lifted off 12 m right, in 6 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 36 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS6 kn75 %widest 11.64 m RROLL 54 M INAirborne 246 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 246 m of 678 m · 36 %
Behind the start of the roll, 54 mTakeoff roll, 192 m Left ahead, 432 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then not again: left of the centreline from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPR 31

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 50 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,2826483501991,000 ft gate7 of 71,052 ft · 104 kt500 ft gate7 of 7565 ft · 97 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 0.2 nm, then 10 m left of it from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR241 m L0241 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND59 m L15 m L27 m L1 m L83 m L29 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 41 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 24 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +24 kt on the approach speed of 81 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 81+24 kt+19 kt+10 kt+4 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPR 31

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
15ft
Threshold speed100.00
81kton target
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
303m
Centreline83.77
7.50m L
Speed100.00
66kttarget 78 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-148fpm
Impact100.00
1.14G
BouncesOk
None
The flare96.33

Excellent landing flare

The crosswind

15 kt across from the right, which takes about 13° of crab to hold the centreline at 67 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, 2° of bank.

Wind 060° at 16 kt · 6 kt tail · 15 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 71 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.25 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 142 m30 kt · 250 mtouchdown260 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 15 ft, 35 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 303 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

15 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −148 fpm · 4.2° nose up · 67 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 15 ft, down at 303 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 230 fpm at 13 ft to 0 fpm at 2 ft, then back up to 150 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−148 fpm at touchdown4.2° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,376 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7.3 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 1.7 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 15 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 303 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 303 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 496 m of 2,376 m · 21 %
In the air over the runway, 303 mRollout, 193 m Left over, 1,880 m
Rollout distance100.00
193m21 % used
Rollout alignment84.67
7.25m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft departed from runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport, taking off with a speed of 70 kt. The takeoff distance was 193 meters, which is 29% of the runway length. The local weather conditions at the time of departure were a temperature of 18 °C, with a wind speed of 10 kt at 67°, resulting in a 6 kt crosswind and an 8 kt headwind.

After departing, the aircraft began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile northeast of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport. The climb was rapid, with the aircraft ascending from 745 ft to 923 ft in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then leveled off and began a 6-minute cruise, covering 11 nautical miles.

The aircraft continued its journey, starting another climb overhead Conselice, Italy. This climb was more significant, with the aircraft ascending from 1,658 ft to 6,862 ft in 9 minutes, covering a distance of 15 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and began another cruise, lasting 18 minutes and covering 31 nautical miles.

As the aircraft approached its destination, it began its descent, starting 20 miles northeast of Bellaria-Igea Marina, Italy. The descent was from 6,843 ft to 6,235 ft in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and began another cruise, lasting 5 minutes and covering 14 nautical miles.

The aircraft continued its descent, starting 6 miles northeast of Gabicce Mare, Italy. This descent was more significant, with the aircraft descending from 5,471 ft to 2,917 ft in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 9 nautical miles. The aircraft then leveled off and began another cruise, lasting 3 minutes and covering 6 nautical miles.

As the aircraft approached its final destination, it began its descent, starting overhead Gradara, Italy. The descent was from 2,789 ft to 1,292 ft in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport, flying from the south east at a heading of 308.0° and at an altitude of 1,260 ft.

The aircraft landed on runway 31, with a touchdown speed of 67 kt and a touchdown distance of 301 meters. The touchdown rate was excellent at -83 fpm, and the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 7.5 meters from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 16 °C, with a wind speed of 11 kt at 60°, resulting in a 10 kt crosswind and a 4 kt tailwind.

The total landing distance was 517 meters, which is 22% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was very good, indicating a smooth and controlled landing. The total flight distance was 100 nautical miles, taking 56 minutes, and the aircraft used 32 kg of fuel during the flight.

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