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EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 05
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,209 kg
Fuel117 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

88.05 %
EGPE
Inverness, Scotland
Runway 23
Elevation26 ft asl
Weight1,208 kg
Fuel116 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
29 Sep 2023 0:03 3 nm Cessna 182T Skylane 1 kg
Departure Score
95.74 %
Pattern Score
80.72 %
Arrival Score
87.68 %

What went well

Touched down at -59 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 0.64 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.11 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was too high at 85 kn at 62 %, Landing and flare profile at 68 %, −2.13 points
Pattern Downwind Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.3 ° at 0 %, −2.00 points
Pattern Downwind — Average altitude 107.0 m agl at 0 %, −2.00 points

Next time

Work on the flare

See Arrival Landing

High on final, the pilot dives to the aim point, converting altitude directly into airspeed, and arrives on-glideslope but 15 knots fast. The vertical profile looks fine; the speed trace does not. It is one of the reasons the stabilised-approach concept - configured, on speed, on path by a gate, commonly 1,000 ft in IMC and 500 ft in VMC - checks speed and path together, and why the tolerances airlines use are asymmetric, typically allowing more on the fast side than the slow, because slow kills faster than fast.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 13 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 98.00Departure roll runway 05 at EGPE Inverness. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 66 kn. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Tailwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
90 % Liftoff speed was 66 knTarget 62 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.84 m0.84 m left to 0.00 m left 0.82 0.84 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.03 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °2.2 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.2 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 1.9 ° 0.3 1.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl · 66 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 66 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.22Departure climb to 15.2 m agl from runway 05 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 85 kn66 kn min to max 99 kn 66 99 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.02 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 1.2 m/s0.5 m/s min to max 2.9 m/s 0.5 2.9 m/s
Info Average altitude 4.4 m agl0.0 m agl min to max 13.2 m agl 0.0 13.2 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °1.8 ° min to max 6.4 ° 3.7 6.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 17 ft agl · 94 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 121.9 m agl from 05 EGPE Inverness.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kn93 kn min to max 100 kn 99 95 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.3 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.88 g min to max 1.14 g 1.13 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 5.3 m/s1.4 m/s min to max 8.2 m/s 3.0 1.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 56.0 m agl15.9 m agl min to max 182.1 m agl 15.9 182.1 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °2.4 ° min to max 10.6 ° 6.5 2.4 °
Pattern Entry 93.60Right hand pattern entry from runway 05 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 51 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Climb speed 95 kn89 kn min to max 102 knTarget 85 kn 96 90 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.2 °0.8 ° min to max 23.0 ° 6.1 21.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.95 g min to max 1.09 g 0.98 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -0.5 m/s-1.7 m/s min to max 0.9 m/s 0.9 0.1 m/s
Info Average altitude 166.2 m agl155.0 m agl min to max 183.0 m agl 182.7 155.4 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °-0.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.0 2.7 °
Pattern Crosswind 100.00Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 05 EGPE Inverness. Distance was less than 1 nm in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -3.7 °-17.9 ° min to max 14.1 ° -17.9 14.1 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn90 kn min to max 93 kn 90 93 kn
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.01 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1.2 m/s-3.4 m/s min to max 0.1 m/s 0.1 -3.4 m/s
Info Average altitude 151.6 m agl142.6 m agl min to max 155.5 m agl 155.5 142.6 m agl
Info Average bank angle 23.5 °21.9 ° min to max 25.3 ° 22.4 25.1 °
Info Average pitch angle 0.4 °-2.7 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 -2.7 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 70.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.3 °.
100 % Average speed 95 kn93 kn min to max 97 kn 94 93 kn
100 % Average bank angle 23.9 °22.6 ° min to max 24.5 ° 24.5 24.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g1.01 g min to max 1.22 g 1.01 1.18 g
Info Average VSI -3.8 m/s-5.6 m/s min to max -0.6 m/s -4.2 -0.6 m/s
Info Average altitude 117.7 m agl106.3 m agl min to max 138.1 m agl 138.1 106.3 m agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-4.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° -3.7 3.2 °
Pattern Downwind 70.00Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -1.3 °-14.3 ° min to max 16.0 ° -14.3 16.0 °
0 % Average altitude 107.0 m agl104.7 m agl min to max 108.3 m agl 106.7 104.7 m agl
100 % Average speed 89 kn87 kn min to max 92 kn 92 87 kn
100 % Average g force 1.06 g1.01 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -0.2 m/s-1.4 m/s min to max 0.5 m/s 0.1 -1.4 m/s
Info Average bank angle 22.4 °14.4 ° min to max 25.0 ° 24.3 14.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.3 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.6 0.3 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 70.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 176.6 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 176.6 °.
100 % Average speed 90 kn87 kn min to max 92 kn 87 92 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.1 ° min to max 11.3 ° 10.4 7.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.95 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -1.8 m/s-2.8 m/s min to max -1.1 m/s -1.6 -2.3 m/s
Info Average altitude 86.8 m agl66.1 m agl min to max 103.0 m agl 103.0 66.1 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.8 0.4 °
Arrival Final 1 86.14Approaching runway 23 at EGPE Inverness from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 62.9 m agl to 12.5 m agl. A decrease of 50.4 m in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
53 % Approach angle 2.4 °2.1 ° min to max 2.6 °Target 3.0 ° 2.1 2.2 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn85 kn min to max 91 kn 91 85 kn
81 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.0 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.1 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -2.1 m/s-2.4 m/s min to max -0.6 m/s -1.6 -2.2 m/s
Info Average altitude 25.5 m agl12.5 m agl min to max 62.9 m agl 62.9 12.5 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.1 ° min to max 2.3 ° 1.0 1.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 74.45Landing on runway 23 at EGPE Inverness, runway length 1,814 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 85 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
62 % Threshold speed was too high at 85 kn. Target 70 kn
68 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.8 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.05 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average speed 75 kn63 kn min to max 85 kn 85 63 kn
Info Average VSI -0.8 m/s-2.2 m/s min to max 0.1 m/s -2.2 0.1 m/s
Info Average altitude 1.8 m agl-0.4 m agl min to max 9.3 m agl 9.3 -0.3 m agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °1.1 ° min to max 7.5 ° 1.1 7.5 °
07515022530037545001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.46Touchdown point was 304 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 63 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at 0.1 m/s. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was 0.1 m/s.
81 % Touchdown distance was 634 mTarget 457 m
98 % Speed at touchdown 63 knTarget 53 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 0.81 m0.41 m left -0.03 0.64 m
77 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.4 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 1.02 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 60 kn58 kn min to max 63 kn 63 58 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °3.3 ° min to max 8.0 ° 7.5 3.3 °
Arrival Rollout 94.67Total landing distance 1,127 m, 62 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,127 m62 % of runway.
88 % Runway alignment max 5.57 m0.62 m left to 4.96 m right 0.62 -4.94 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.07 1.01 g
Info Average speed 60 kn36 kn min to max 64 kn 64 36 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °1.4 ° min to max 5.3 ° 3.1 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 51 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 10 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kn10 kn min to max 31 kn 31 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °1.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.5 1.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.01 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 65 kt with 3.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.7° off5° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 54 kt 2.2° 0 s
Liftoff110 m 65 kt 3.7° 2.4 s
35 ft662 m · 11.9 s after liftoff 98 kt 5.4° 14.3 s
End of the climb2,035 m · 590 ft 95 kt 2.4° 41.3 s

Takeoff from EGPE 05

Takeoff roll100.00
809m45 %
Liftoff speed90.00
65kt
Runway alignment100.00
0.84m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.22
226fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 590 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 451 m of runway left; then climbing at 910 fpm on average to 590 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

750 ft375 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 65 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,814 m runway.

Rolled from 701 m in, never more than 0.7 m off the centreline. Airborne 44 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 0.68 m LROLL 701 M INAirborne 811 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 811 m of 1,814 m · 45 %
Behind the start of the roll, 701 mTakeoff roll, 110 m Left ahead, 1,003 m

The approach to EGPE 23

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 200 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND341275170
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 472 m left of the centreline at 1.6 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND433 m L182 m L5 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGPE 23

Over the threshold

Threshold height68.02
30ft
Threshold speed62.22
85kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.02m L

Touchdown

Past threshold80.52
635m
Centreline100.00
0.78m L
Speed97.64
63kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-59fpmfirst contact 10 fpm
Impact100.00
1.11G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 30 ft, 20 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 635 m in, 331 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

30 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 10 fpm · 7.4° nose up · 63 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 30 ft, down at 635 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 480 fpm at 32 ft to 10 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown10 fpm at touchdown7.4° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,814 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.5 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 635 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 635 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,001 m of 1,814 m · 55 %
In the air over the runway, 635 mRollout, 366 m Left over, 812 m
Rollout distance100.00
366m55 % used
Rollout alignment88.15
4.96m R

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