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KLZU
Lawrenceville, United States
Runway 07
Elevation1,060 ft asl
Weight23,860 lbs
Fuel60 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

97.28 %
KCHA
Chattanooga, United States
Runway 02
Elevation673 ft asl
Weight23,860 lbs
Fuel60 lbs
Wind270° · 2 kn · 2 kn cross
1 Nov 2026 0:29 124 nm Cessna 750 Citation X
Departure Score
99.01 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
92.84 %

What went well

Threshold crossed at 52 ft and 114 kt — both inside band
Rollout controlled — 42 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 7.0 ft off at taxi speed

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 1,000 ft gate 83 %, 500 ft gate 83 %, −1.11 points
Firm touchdown — 375 fpm, −0.57 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 375 fpm−0.54
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.38 G at contact−0.02
Departure Climb 3 — climb speed 199 kt against 169 kt at 88 %, −0.33 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 169 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 30 kt fast at 199 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 169 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

After the sink arrests at 19 ft, keep easing the yoke forward to let the aircraft continue settling rather than pausing above the runway.

What happened: The flare arrested the sink at 19 ft and the aircraft was held level there instead of being let down. Holding off high like this usually carries through to a firm touchdown, and here the touchdown rate was 374 fpm.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a steady, continuing descent through the flare all the way to touchdown.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 11 6 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 6 ktmax 6 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.2 ° -1.1 -1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.3 0.5 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Engine 2 Started 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Bank Hold Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 07 at KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field, Average speed was 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 14 kt 6 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.0 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.1 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 07 at KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field. Takeoff distance 2,414 ft 40 % of runway. Rotation speed was 130 kt. Local weather - Temperature 61 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 2,414 ft40 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 130 ktTarget 125 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 6.3 ft left6.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left 1.2 6.3 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.3 ° min to max 5.3 ° -1.0 5.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.0 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 07 KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 147 kt143 kt min to max 151 kt 143 151 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.21 g1.04 g min to max 1.30 g 1.06 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 653 fpm283 fpm min to max 1,088 fpm 283 1,088 fpm
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °5.5 ° min to max 8.2 ° 5.5 7.7 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 07 KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 156 kt151 kt min to max 181 kt 151 181 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.05 g 1.03 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,251 fpm1,106 fpm min to max 1,721 fpm 1,106 1,721 fpm
Info Average altitude 79 ft agl26 ft agl min to max 318 ft agl 26 318 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °6.4 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 7.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 89 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 113 ft agl · 158 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 113 ft agl · 158 kt
Departure Climb 3 95.03Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 07 KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Climb speed 199 kt183 kt min to max 214 ktTarget 169 kt, 30 kt fast 183 214 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.3 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.3 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.09 g 1.06 0.97 g
100 % Landing gear up at 77 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.0 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° -0.3 0.6 °
Info Average VSI 2,429 fpm1,847 fpm min to max 2,721 fpm 1,847 2,721 fpm
Info Average altitude 648 ft agl348 ft agl min to max 959 ft agl 348 959 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.8 °7.1 ° min to max 8.4 ° 7.8 7.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile west of Dacula (Georgia, United States). Climbing from 2,063 ft asl to 12,009 ft asl, an increase of 9,946 ft in 5 minutes and covering 25 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 251 kt217 kt min to max 340 kt 217 340 kt
100 % Average bank angle 17.1 °0.1 ° min to max 30.8 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.84 g min to max 1.21 g 0.93 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,216 fpm-29 fpm min to max 2,859 fpm 2,684 0 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,481 ft asl2,063 ft asl min to max 12,013 ft asl 2,063 12,009 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °-1.2 ° min to max 7.0 ° 7.0 -1.1 °
Info Turn coordination -7-25 min to max 9 -1 1

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 10,126 ft agl · 326 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 10,126 ft agl · 326 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of 2GE5 Chukkar Farm Ultralightport Alpharetta (Georgia, United States) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 32 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,100 ft of 12,004 ft asl12,002 ft asl min to max 12,008 ft asl 12,008 12,006 ft asl
100 % Average speed 342 kt341 kt min to max 342 kt 341 342 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 1 1 1
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.2 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -1.1 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles north east of KCZL Tom B. David Field Calhoun (Georgia, United States). Descent from 12,006 ft asl to 3,772 ft asl, a decrease of 8,234 ft in 7 minutes and covering 33 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 254 kt241 kt min to max 342 kt 342 248 kt
100 % Average bank angle 18.7 °0.0 ° min to max 30.0 ° 0.0 29.9 °
100.00 % Average g force 1.09 g0.79 g min to max 1.31 g 1.00 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -1,061 fpm-2,773 fpm min to max 254 fpm -10 -29 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,169 ft asl3,715 ft asl min to max 12,007 ft asl 12,006 3,772 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.7 °-5.1 ° min to max 1.2 ° -1.1 0.6 °
Info Turn coordination 9-1 min to max 22 1 13

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 11,218 ft agl · 405 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,751 ft agl · 265 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south of GA03 Wilson Airport Ringgold (Georgia, United States) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 21 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±689 ft of 3,781 ft asl3,668 ft asl min to max 3,830 ft asl 3,773 3,668 ft asl
100 % Average speed 249 kt229 kt min to max 251 kt 248 229 kt
100 % Average bank angle 21.4 °0.1 ° min to max 30.0 ° 30.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.93 g min to max 1.22 g 1.13 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 7-6 min to max 20 14 -3
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.3 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.6 -1.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,821 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,821 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Armed 2,821 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Hold Activated 2,821 ft agl · 265 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,965 ft agl · 246 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south east of Chickamauga (Georgia, United States). Descent from 3,552 ft asl to 1,964 ft asl, a decrease of 1,588 ft in 2 minutes and covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 197 kt174 kt min to max 230 kt 229 174 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -936 fpm-1,212 fpm min to max -662 fpm -745 -1,077 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,455 ft asl1,964 ft asl min to max 3,552 ft asl 3,552 1,964 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-3.4 ° min to max -1.5 ° -1.5 -2.5 °
Info Turn coordination -1-3 min to max 0 -3 -1

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 2,490 ft agl · 242 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,946 ft agl · 220 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 1,885 ft agl · 215 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Arm Disarmed 1,885 ft agl · 215 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,431 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,394 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,391 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,308 ft agl · 190 kt
Arrival Approach 83.33Final approach to runway 02 at KCHA Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (Lovell Field). Descent from 1,327 ft agl to 78 ft agl in 98 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
0 % On speedfailed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 915 ft agl · 154 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 520 ft agl · 138 kt
Arrival Landing 96.42Landing on runway 02 at KCHA Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (Lovell Field), runway length 7,391 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 114 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 114 kt. Target 113 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
86 % The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare took the sink out 19 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft flew down from there. Touchdown was 1,863 ft past the threshold. Let it come lower before checking the descent - holding off high uses runway and leaves the touchdown to chance.
100 % Runway alignment max 19.2 ft left19.2 ft left to 13.8 ft left 15.5 19.2 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 0.2 0.6 °
100 % Peak g force 1.14 g0.94 g min to max 1.14 g 1.02 0.97 g
Info Average speed 107 kt98 kt min to max 114 kt 114 98 kt
Info Average VSI -368 fpm-675 fpm min to max -139 fpm -665 -313 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 53 ft agl 53 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °1.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.0 5.1 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,25001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 89.64Touchdown point was 458 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 98 kt was good. Touchdown rate was firm at -375 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 20 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 2 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
59 % Touchdown rate was -375 fpm.
88 % Touchdown distance was 1,863 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 98 ktTarget below 111 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 19.7 ft left19.4 ft left 19.2 19.7 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.2 °
93 % Peak g force 1.38 g0.97 g min to max 1.38 g 0.97 1.16 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 97 kt97 kt min to max 98 kt 98 97 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °4.7 ° min to max 5.1 ° 5.1 4.7 °
Arrival Rollout 99.77Total landing distance 3,199 ft, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 3,199 ft43 % of runway.
99 % Runway alignment max 22.7 ft left22.7 ft left to 7.0 ft right 22.7 -7.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 0.99 g
Info Average speed 79 kt50 kt min to max 98 kt 98 50 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.8 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 -1.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 30 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 30 kt13 kt min to max 50 kt 50 14 kt
Info Average pitch angle -1.1 °-1.3 ° min to max -0.3 ° -1.3 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.6 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 5 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 13 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 13 kt 13 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.5 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 5 ft agl · 2 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 130 kt, 5 kt above the 125 kt target, and lifted off at 142 kt 2.4 s later, the nose coming up at 2.7° a second. Climb 3 averaged 199 kt, 30 kt over its 169 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 169240 kt16080020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 1255.5° off · 2.7°/s7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 19 kt -1.0° 0 s
80 kt554 ft 80 kt -1.1° 5.8 s
Rotate1,704 ft · target 125 130 kt -0.9° 11.8 s
Liftoff2,268 ft · +12 kt from rotation 142 kt 5.5° 14.2 s
35 ft3,129 ft · 3.3 s after liftoff 152 kt 7.5° 17.5 s
Gear up3,657 ft · 77 ft · full marks to 400 ft 155 kt 7.1° 19.8 s
Climb 37,209 ft · 348 ft to 959 ft · target 169 199 kt avg 7.8° 32.3 s
End of Climb 312,429 ft · 959 ft 214 kt 7.1° 46.8 s

Takeoff from KLZU 07

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
2,414ft40 %
Rotation speed100.00
130kttarget 125, 5 fast
Liftoff speed
142kt
Runway alignment100.00
6.3ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
77ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed87.58
199kttarget 169
Rate of climb100.00
653fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 959 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 2,697 ft of runway left; gear up at 77 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 1,770 fpm on average to 959 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3199 kt avgtarget 169THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 130 kttarget 125Liftoff 142 ktGear up 77 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES1.1 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 5,983 ft runway.

Rolled from 156 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 6 ft at the widest, and lifted off 6 ft left. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 6.0 ft LROLL 156 FT INAirborne 2,424 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,424 ft of 5,983 ft · 41 %
Behind the start of the roll, 156 ftTakeoff roll, 2,268 ft Left ahead, 3,559 ft

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Six checks, two gates1,000 ft 83.335 of 6500 ft 83.335 of 6
Gear down
Sink rate830 fpm790 fpm
On glideslope3.0°3.0°
On centreline0.0° off0.0° off
On speed+43 kt+23 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

At the 1,000 ft gate: speed more than 28 kt above the approach speed of 113 kt.

At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 17 kt above the approach speed of 113 kt.

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 0.6 nm, about 250 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KCHA 02

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 30 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3026743692171,000 ft gate5 of 6on speed1,028 ft · 156 kt500 ft gate5 of 6on speed539 ft · 136 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 20 ft off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR60 ft L060 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3 ft L4 ft L0 ft R11 ft L5 ft R4 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 28 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 4 nm to 0.6 nm (up to +65 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 113+65 kt+27 kt+17 kt+11 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KCHA 02

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
52ft
Threshold speed100.00
114kttarget 113, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
19.2ft L

Touchdown

Past threshold87.89
1,863ft
Centreline100.00
19.7ft L
Speed100.00
97kttarget 111 or less
Touchdown rate59.15
-375fpm
Impact92.57
1.38G
BouncesOk
None
The flare85.67

The flare mostly held the target profile. The flare took the sink out 19 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft flew down from there. Touchdown was 1,863 ft past the threshold. Let it come lower before checking the descent - holding off high uses runway and leaves the touchdown to chance.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 2 kt · 1 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 100 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 12 s, an average deceleration of 0.30 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 1,218 ft30 kt · 1,482 fttouchdown1,541 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 52 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 33 ft. Touched down 1,863 ft in, 863 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

52 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 33 ft · −576 fpm · 2.1° · 113 ktdescent slowed at 19 ft · −90 fpm · 4.9°−374 fpm · 5.1° nose up · 98 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 52 ft, down at 1,863 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 580 fpm at the flare to 90 fpm at 19 ft, then back up to 370 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−374 fpm at touchdown5.1° at touchdown, +3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 7,391 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 20 ft left of the centreline, and steered back to 3 ft right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,863 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,863 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 374 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 3,101 ft of 7,391 ft · 42 %
In the air over the runway, 1,863 ftRollout, 1,238 ft Left over, 4,290 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,238ft42 % used
Rollout alignment99.48
22.7ft L

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Flight narrative

The Cessna 750 Citation X taxied from the parking area to runway 07 at KLZU Gwinnett County Briscoe Field in 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

Take-off was on runway 07. The aircraft used 2,414 ft of runway, which was 40 % of the available length. Rotation occurred at 130 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 61 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, crosswind 1 kt, tailwind 2 kt.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 30 seconds, averaging 1,761 fpm and reaching 214 kt at the top of the climb.

The climb continued from 2,063 ft asl to 12,009 ft asl in 5 minutes, covering 25 nm, beginning 1 mile west of Dacula.

Level cruise was held at 12,000 ft asl for 5 minutes, covering 32 nm, beginning 2 miles north-east of 2GE5 Chukkar Farm Ultralightport Alpharetta.

Descent from 12,006 ft asl to 1,964 ft asl took 13 minutes, covering 60 nm, beginning 2 miles north-east of KCZL Tom B, with a brief level-off at 3,800 ft asl.

Final approach to runway 02 at KCHA Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (Lovell Field) began at 1,327 ft agl and descended to 78 ft agl in 98 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, and wings level; speed was not met. The landing gear was lowered at 1,391 ft agl at 196 kt. Flaps were set to position 4 at 520 ft agl at 138 kt.

Landing on runway 02 (runway length 7,391 ft) had a good threshold height. Threshold speed was 114 kt. The flare was described as very good, though held off too high. Touchdown occurred 458 ft beyond the touchdown zone at 98 kt, with a firm rate of minus 375 fpm. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 20 ft from the centreline. Local weather was temperature 59 °F, wind 2 kt from 270°, crosswind 2 kt, tailwind 1 kt. No bounce occurred.

Total landing distance was 3,199 ft, 43 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.

The aircraft taxied to the parking area in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm.

Overall, the flight covered 124 nm in 29 minutes and used 0 lb of fuel.

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