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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Shorten the long landing
Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 62 kt with 2.0° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 385 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 717 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,100 fpm on average to 385 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,279 m runway.
Rolled from 252 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 2.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 3 m left. Airborne 30 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
On the glideslope from 4 nm to 1.2 nm, then high to the threshold (up to 210 ft over).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 71 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to 3.0 nm (up to +42 kt), then inside the band to 0.3 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +15 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 58 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 4 s, an average deceleration of 0.34 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 118 ft, 68 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 544 m in, 239 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From 118 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 120 fpm before coming down at 210 fpm to touch. The nose came up 2.3° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,842 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3 m right of the centreline, and stayed within 3 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
Touched down 544 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.43 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The flight began with the aircraft, a Sting S4, taxiing from the parking area to the runway at KSBA Santa Barbara Municipal Airport. This process took approximately 3 minutes and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then departed from runway 15R, with a takeoff distance of 159 meters, which accounted for 12% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 63 knots.
The local weather conditions at the time of takeoff were characterized by a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 1 knot from a direction of 269 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 1 knot and a headwind of 0 knots. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, starting overhead the KSBA Santa Barbara Municipal Airport. During this climb, the aircraft ascended from an altitude of 443 feet above sea level to 575 feet, an increase of 132 feet, in less than 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile.
The enroute level cruise phase of the flight began overhead the KSBA Santa Barbara Municipal Airport and lasted for 2 minutes, during which the aircraft covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The aircraft then began another enroute climb, this time starting 2 miles southeast of Goleta, California. During this climb, the aircraft ascended from an altitude of 731 feet above sea level to 2,373 feet, an increase of 1,642 feet, in 2 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles.
As the aircraft approached its destination, it began its enroute descent, starting 1 mile west of Santa Barbara, California. During this descent, the aircraft descended from an altitude of 2,385 feet above sea level to 1,501 feet, a decrease of 884 feet, in 2 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The final approach to runway 25 at KSBA Santa Barbara Municipal Airport was made from the east, with the aircraft heading 270 degrees at an altitude of 1,482 feet above ground level and a distance of 4 nautical miles from the runway.
The landing on runway 25 was characterized by a touchdown point that was 105 meters beyond the touchdown zone. The touchdown speed was 56 knots, which was excessively fast, and the touchdown rate was fair at -209 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was very good, and the local weather conditions remained the same as during takeoff. The total landing distance was 616 meters, which accounted for 33% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was also very good.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, a process that took approximately 1 minute and covered a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 12 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 13 minutes. The aircraft used 1 kilogram of fuel during the flight.
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