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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Shorten the long landing
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in Bush Flying 101Start to finish · 11 stages, 10 scored
Events
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Two stabilised approach gates, each with six checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.
The approach, gate by gate
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,171 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 1,231 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
Taxiing from the parking area to the runway at Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport (CYYZ) took approximately 2 minutes, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft then began its departure roll on runway 15L, utilizing 17% of the available runway length to achieve liftoff at a speed of 79 knots. Local weather conditions at the time of departure featured a temperature of 24°C, with a wind of 10 knots at 170°, resulting in a 5-knot crosswind and an 8-knot headwind.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it transitioned into an enroute climb phase, ascending from 1,064 feet above sea level to 1,356 feet above sea level over a distance of 5 nautical miles in 2 minutes. This climb phase marked the beginning of the aircraft's journey, which would ultimately cover a total distance of 9 nautical miles. Upon reaching the desired altitude, the aircraft continued on its planned route, eventually beginning its final approach to runway 23 at CYYZ. The approach was initiated from the northeast, with the aircraft tracking a heading of 208.0° at an altitude of 757 feet above ground level and a distance of 1 nautical mile from the runway threshold.
The landing on runway 23 was notable for several factors. The threshold height at 99 feet above ground level was significantly above the target, while the threshold speed of 152 knots was excessively high. The touchdown point was located 941 meters beyond the touchdown zone, with a touchdown speed of 113 knots, which was also excessively fast. However, the touchdown rate of -21 feet per minute was perfect. Additionally, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 9.7 meters from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing featured a temperature of 24°C, with a wind of 8 knots at 169°, resulting in a 7-knot crosswind and a 5-knot headwind. The aircraft used 21 kilograms of fuel during the flight, which lasted a total of 6 minutes.
The final approach to runway 23 at CYYZ Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport was initiated from the north east, heading 208.0° at 1 nm and 757 ft above ground level. The approach quality was compromised by a significantly above-target threshold height of 99 ft agl, which may have contributed to the excessively high threshold speed of 152 kt. The aircraft's descent and speed management were not optimal, setting the stage for a challenging landing.
As the aircraft touched down 941 m beyond the touchdown zone, the touchdown speed of 113 kt was excessively fast, indicating a lack of control during the flare. However, the touchdown rate of -21 fpm was perfect, suggesting that the pilot had managed to arrest the descent effectively. Unfortunately, the runway touchdown position was misaligned by 9.7 m from the centreline, which may have been due to a combination of factors including crosswind and pilot error.
During the rollout phase, the aircraft was subjected to a local wind of 8 kt at 169°, resulting in a 7 kt crosswind and a 5 kt headwind. Despite these conditions, the pilot was able to maintain control and bring the aircraft to a stop. Overall, the landing performance was subpar, with a score of 55.2%. The excessive threshold speed, touchdown speed, and runway touchdown position misalignment all contributed to this score, highlighting areas for improvement in the pilot's landing technique.
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