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EGFD
Llandbehr, Wales
Runway 17
Elevation30 ft asl
Weight69,783 kg
Fuel24,165 kg
Wind177° · 6 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

81.97 %
EGFD
Llandbehr, Wales
Runway 17
Elevation30 ft asl
Weight66,923 kg
Fuel20,698 kg
Wind182° · 8 kn · 2 kn cross
28 Mar 2024 0:14 29 nm Avro Vulcan B2 3,467 kg
Departure Score
92.76 %
Pattern Score
62.04 %
Arrival Score
91.11 %

What went well

Touched down at -35 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 2.66 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.15 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Pattern Base Leg Turn — GPWS warning, then 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; Angle to runway (45 degrees) 81.8 ° at 0 %, speed limits at 0 %, −4.21 points
Pattern Entry — GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, g force 0.64 to 1.72 g at 73 %, −2.27 points
Pattern Base Leg — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft, then GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, −2.16 points

Next time

Improve the pattern base leg turn

See Pattern Base Leg Turn

Base. Turn 90 degrees towards the runway when the threshold sits about 45 degrees behind your shoulder. Descend at around 80 kt with second-stage flap. The geometry of that 45-degree cue isn't arbitrary. It produces a base leg long enough to lose roughly 500 ft at about 500 fpm before the final turn. Once you know that's what the cue is for, you can derive your own turn point for any aircraft and any speed.

Read more in Pattern Work

Start to finish · 16 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 6 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 13 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 13 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 13 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 13 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Roll 81.03Departure roll runway 17 at EGFD Llandbehr Airport. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 131 kn. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 6 kn at 176 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 6 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
90 % Liftoff speed was 131 knTarget 150 kn
66 % Runway alignment max 15.28 m12.50 m left to 2.78 m right 0.22 12.50 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.06 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °-0.6 ° min to max 9.7 ° -0.1 9.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.2 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 17 EGFD Llandbehr Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.6 °-0.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.7 °
100 % Average speed 137 kn131 kn min to max 144 kn 131 144 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.2 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g1.05 g min to max 1.11 g 1.07 1.05 g
Info Average VSI 453 ft/m118 ft/m min to max 811 ft/m 118 811 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 0 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.9 °9.9 ° min to max 11.4 ° 9.9 11.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 21 ft agl · 137 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 17 EGFD Llandbehr Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 165 kn144 kn min to max 194 kn 144 194 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 1.2 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.05 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,032 ft/m-505 ft/m min to max 2,792 ft/m 826 -208 ft/m
Info Average altitude 677 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 1,418 ft agl 33 1,274 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °1.9 ° min to max 12.0 ° 11.4 2.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 89 ft agl · 153 kt
Pattern Entry 52.31Left hand pattern entry from runway 17 EGFD Llandbehr Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 45 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 197 kn185 kn min to max 202 kn 196 202 kn
100 % Average bank angle 17.4 °0.0 ° min to max 76.3 ° 6.2 38.9 °
73 % Average g force 1.08 g0.64 g min to max 1.72 g 0.97 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -538 ft/m-5,884 ft/m min to max 1,206 ft/m -204 -621 ft/m
Info Average altitude 789 ft agl500 ft agl min to max 1,284 ft agl 1,284 801 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °-9.6 ° min to max 6.2 ° 2.5 3.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 961 ft agl · 195 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 865 ft agl · 204 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 862 ft agl · 206 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 859 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 607 ft agl · 191 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 545 ft agl · 203 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 864 ft agl · 205 kt
Pattern Crosswind 98.74Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 17 EGFD Llandbehr Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 0.1 °-17.1 ° min to max 21.7 ° 21.7 -17.1 °
100 % Average speed 203 kn198 kn min to max 212 kn 200 212 kn
87 % Average g force 1.12 g0.79 g min to max 1.47 g 1.42 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -30 ft/m-727 ft/m min to max 590 ft/m 226 -623 ft/m
Info Average altitude 812 ft agl788 ft agl min to max 837 ft agl 804 788 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 25.7 °0.8 ° min to max 41.6 ° 41.6 35.3 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.3 ° 1.4 -0.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 859 ft agl · 205 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 838 ft agl · 213 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 830 ft agl · 210 kt
Pattern Downwind Turn 58.41Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 7 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 56.9 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
72 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 56.9 °.
100 % Average speed 223 kn211 kn min to max 230 kn 213 221 kn
0 % Average bank angle 16.4 °0.0 ° min to max 58.7 ° 34.8 8.7 °
67 % Average g force 1.10 g0.81 g min to max 1.82 g 1.02 1.37 g
Info Average VSI 66 ft/m-1,631 ft/m min to max 1,774 ft/m -925 394 ft/m
Info Average altitude 879 ft agl663 ft agl min to max 959 ft agl 770 906 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-1.4 ° min to max 7.1 ° -1.1 5.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Pattern Crosswind 838 ft agl · 213 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 942 ft agl · 221 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 938 ft agl · 234 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 730 ft agl · 234 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 521 ft agl · 225 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 699 ft agl · 225 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 892 ft agl · 229 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 778 ft agl · 235 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 651 ft agl · 233 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 466 ft agl · 226 kt
Pattern Downwind 90.70Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 30 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 2.6 °-23.4 ° min to max 18.7 ° 18.6 -23.4 °
69 % Average altitude 1,187 ft agl926 ft agl min to max 1,257 ft agl 926 1,234 ft agl
100 % Average speed 208 kn199 kn min to max 220 kn 220 215 kn
99 % Average g force 1.03 g0.84 g min to max 1.27 g 1.06 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 611 ft/m-327 ft/m min to max 2,064 ft/m 884 -327 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 18.9 °0.5 ° min to max 27.4 ° 4.4 8.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °2.2 ° min to max 7.5 ° 5.5 3.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 895 ft agl · 213 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 953 ft agl · 220 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,042 ft agl · 216 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 11.68Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 8 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 81.8 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 81.8 °.
0 % Average speed 253 kn216 kn min to max 277 kn 216 268 kn
13 % Average bank angle 15.9 °0.1 ° min to max 47.7 ° 9.8 15.8 °
78 % Average g force 1.08 g0.70 g min to max 1.63 g 1.16 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -44 ft/m-1,382 ft/m min to max 1,181 ft/m -81 398 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,015 ft agl901 ft agl min to max 1,255 ft agl 1,235 1,137 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.2 2.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 766 ft agl · 225 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 938 ft agl · 234 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 549 ft agl · 243 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 415 ft agl · 252 kt
Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 976 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 433 ft agl · 272 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 376 ft agl · 280 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 1,010 ft agl · 232 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 660 ft agl · 245 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 504 ft agl · 244 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 346 ft agl · 269 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 367 ft agl · 280 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 293 ft agl · 282 kt
Pattern Base Leg 54.60Pattern Base Leg. Distance was 6 nm in 78 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -1.6 °-18.3 ° min to max 100.2 ° 8.9 -18.3 °
0 % Average speed 278 kn230 kn min to max 288 kn 266 230 kn
96 % Average g force 1.02 g0.82 g min to max 1.32 g 1.15 1.32 g
Info Average altitude 566 ft agl235 ft agl min to max 1,170 ft agl 1,143 323 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 7.2 °0.3 ° min to max 36.4 ° 4.6 36.4 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-4.0 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.4 4.5 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,172 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 525 ft agl · 275 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 265 ft agl · 287 kt
Pattern Final Turn 67.84Pattern Final Turn. Distance was 4 nm in 88 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 174 kn156 kn min to max 225 kn 225 176 kn
30 % Average bank angle 15.5 °0.1 ° min to max 44.5 ° 40.0 10.0 °
91 % Average g force 1.05 g0.78 g min to max 1.40 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 26 ft/m-1,487 ft/m min to max 1,242 ft/m 134 -659 ft/m
Info Average altitude 428 ft agl170 ft agl min to max 671 ft agl 327 365 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.3 °-0.3 ° min to max 9.2 ° 3.7 1.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 293 ft agl · 184 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 696 ft agl · 167 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 487 ft agl · 175 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 202 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 246 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 265 ft agl · 175 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 667 ft agl · 168 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 607 ft agl · 174 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 428 ft agl · 180 kt
Arrival Final 1 85.19Approaching runway 17 at EGFD Llandbehr Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 350 ft agl to 48 ft agl. A decrease of 302 ft in 16 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Approach angle 2.9 °2.8 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.5 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 174 kn172 kn min to max 175 kn 175 174 kn
79 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °
58 % Average bank angle 4.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.8 ° 11.6 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.21 g 0.94 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -868 ft/m-1,506 ft/m min to max -683 ft/m -805 -683 ft/m
Info Average altitude 101 ft agl48 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 350 48 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.2 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.7 2.4 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 177 ft agl · 175 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 155 ft agl · 176 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 86.13Landing on runway 17 at EGFD Llandbehr Airport, runway length 2,191 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 174 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Threshold speed was too high at 174 kn. Target 140 kn
98 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.08 g 1.08 0.98 g
Info Average speed 166 kn157 kn min to max 175 kn 174 157 kn
Info Average VSI -324 ft/m-677 ft/m min to max -35 ft/m -677 -35 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 38 ft agl 38 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.4 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.4 4.1 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,50001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,500-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.12Touchdown point was 308 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 157 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was perfect at -35 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 8 kn at 181 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 8 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown VSI was -35 ft/m.
71 % Touchdown distance was 719 mTarget 457 m
87 % Speed at touchdown 157 knTarget 143 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.66 m2.64 m left 2.65 2.66 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.98 g min to max 1.15 g 0.98 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 156 kn154 kn min to max 157 kn 157 154 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °3.4 ° min to max 4.1 ° 4.1 3.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 14 ft agl · 156 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,118 m, 51 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,118 m51 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.79 m2.79 m left to 0.00 m left 2.67 2.00 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.98 g
Info Average speed 134 kn85 kn min to max 147 kn 147 85 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 36 kn0 kn min to max 73 kn 73 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.4 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.98 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 131 kt with 9.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

210 kt14070020°10°0°LIFTOFF9.9° off11° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 15 kt -0.1° 0 s
80 kt409 m 80 kt 0.1° 16.1 s
Liftoff1,145 m 131 kt 9.9° 30.8 s
35 ft1,340 m · 2.8 s after liftoff 144 kt 11.4° 33.6 s
End of the climb7,618 m · 1,275 ft 194 kt 2.3° 108 s

Takeoff from EGFD 17

Takeoff roll100.00
1,322m60 %
Liftoff speed89.60
131kt
Runway alignment65.56
12.50m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
452fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 1,275 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 670 m of runway left; then climbing at 990 fpm on average to 1,275 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

1,500 ft750 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 131 ktSCALE CHANGES5.6 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 2,191 m runway.

Rolled from 180 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 12 m at the widest, and lifted off 13 m left. Airborne 60 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 12.45 m LROLL 180 M INAirborne 1,325 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,325 m of 2,191 m · 60 %
Behind the start of the roll, 180 mTakeoff roll, 1,145 m Left ahead, 865 m

The circuit to EGFD 17

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from where you joined to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 2.1 nm out at 208 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ft59°248°345°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind
Heading off
0°
Speed
203 kt

Rough: the G force varied more than a smooth turn and leg would.

The metric that matters across a circuit session is scatter, not score. Five landings at 180 to 220 fpm is better flying than one 90 fpm greaser sitting among four 400 fpm arrivals, because consistency is what professional flight-data monitoring actually looks for, and consistency only exists across many flights.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
59°
Height
1,187 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
208 kt
Out
9.1 nm 2.1 suits 208 kt

Rough: the G force varied more than a smooth turn and leg would.

The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
82° target 45°
Bank
48°
Height
1,235 ft

Steep: 48° of bank.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
45°
Overshoot
641 m
Speed
174 kt

Overshot: went 641 m through the centreline turning final.

Overshooting final. A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. The sim under-punishes it, because a spring yoke transmits no lightening of control force, there's no buffet through your hands, and no seat-of-the-pants sensation of the skid. You get the numbers of the skidded turn without the feel of it. The correct response is the same in both worlds and needs practising until it's reflexive. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry52Crosswind99Turn onto downwind58Downwind91Base turn12Base55Final turn68

The approach to EGFD 17

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Low from 4 nm to 2.7 nm (up to 1,150 ft under), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND168488658523384229
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 596 m right of the centreline, then inside it from 3.1 to 2.8 nm, then 477 m left of it from 2.8 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND596 m R19 m R475 m L289 m L127 m L24 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EGFD 17

Over the threshold

Threshold height85.36
38ft
Threshold speed61.21
174kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m L

Touchdown

Past threshold71.60
717m
Centreline100.00
2.66m L
Speed86.92
156kt
Touchdown rate100.00
-35fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 182° at 8 kt · 8 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 151 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 13 s, an average deceleration of 0.52 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012016060 kt · 503 m30 kt · 571 mtouchdown594 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 38 ft, 12 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 717 m in, 412 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

38 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −34 fpm · 4.1° nose up · 157 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 38 ft, down at 717 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 600 fpm at 41 ft to 30 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−34 fpm at touchdown4.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,191 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2.7 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 2.8 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 717 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 717 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,069 m of 2,191 m · 49 %
In the air over the runway, 717 mRollout, 352 m Left over, 1,122 m
Rollout distance100.00
352m49 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.79m L

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