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LEVX
Vigo, Spain
Runway 19
Elevation840 ft asl
Weight866 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

93.52 %
LPPR
Porto, Portugal
Runway 17
Elevation187 ft asl
Weight849 kg
Fuel53 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
8 Nov 2026 0:41 63 nm Cessna 172 17 kg
Departure Score
99.78 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
80.79 %

What went well

Touchdown 272 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 26 % of the runway used
Rotated at 58 kt — on the 55 kt rotation target

What held you back

Arrival Approach — 500 ft gate 71 %, −1.90 points
Firm touchdown — 413 fpm, −1.85 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 413 fpm−1.04
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.73
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.63 G at contact−0.07
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 82 ft agl was significantly above target at 41 %, −1.14 points

Next time

Arrival

Begin raising the nose earlier, by 11 ft, so the flare has time to arrest the sink before touchdown.

What happened: The flare began late at 2.6 ft, 8.7 ft below the normal band, and a late flare like this usually leaves too little time to arrest the sink before touchdown.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude and start the flare in the normal band, around 11 ft.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 19 at LEVX Vigo Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 1 kt0 kt min to max 7 kt 0 7 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.4 ° min to max 3.0 ° 3.0 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.38 g0.00 g min to max 0.99 g 0.00 0.99 g

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Roll 99.14Departure roll runway 19 at LEVX Vigo Airport. Takeoff distance 468 m 20 % of runway. Rotation speed was 58 kt. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 468 m20 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 58 ktTarget 55 kt
96 % Runway alignment max 7.74 m left7.74 m left to 0.00 m left 0.28 7.74 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 0.98 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.6 ° min to max 5.5 ° 2.6 5.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.2 1.3 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LEVX Vigo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.9 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 73 kt68 kt min to max 77 kt 68 77 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.4 °1.4 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.4 2.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.03 g min to max 1.07 g 1.04 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 510 fpm310 fpm min to max 710 fpm 310 710 fpm
Info Average altitude 15 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 42 ft agl 1 42 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °5.5 ° min to max 8.9 ° 5.5 8.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LEVX Vigo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 1.3 ° -0.3 1.3 °
100 % Average speed 76 kt66 kt min to max 77 kt 77 66 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 3.9 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.2 3.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 959 fpm715 fpm min to max 1,410 fpm 715 1,218 fpm
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl42 ft agl min to max 382 ft agl 42 382 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.6 °9.0 ° min to max 14.2 ° 9.0 13.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 391 ft agl · 74 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19 LEVX Vigo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 71 kt66 kt min to max 76 ktTarget 78 kt, 7 kt slow 66 76 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 9.2 °3.0 ° min to max 9.2 ° 3.7 9.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.90 g min to max 0.99 g 0.90 0.99 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation 2.3 °1.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 1.7 3.2 °
Info Average VSI 710 fpm528 fpm min to max 1,035 fpm 1,035 528 fpm
Info Average altitude 472 ft agl421 ft agl min to max 514 ft agl 421 514 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °7.2 ° min to max 11.6 ° 11.6 7.2 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LEVX Vigo Airport Vigo (Galicia, Spain). Climbing from 1,358 ft asl to 2,467 ft asl, an increase of 1,109 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 85 kt78 kt min to max 92 kt 78 92 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 10.1 °0.1 ° min to max 10.1 ° 10.1 3.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.95 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 697 fpm307 fpm min to max 1,349 fpm 518 372 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,029 ft asl1,358 ft asl min to max 2,467 ft asl 1,358 2,467 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °4.0 ° min to max 11.5 ° 6.9 4.2 °
Info Turn coordination 3-4 min to max 11 11 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles south east of Vigo (Galicia, Spain) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±624 ft of 2,696 ft asl2,473 ft asl min to max 2,922 ft asl 2,473 2,922 ft asl
100 % Average speed 95 kt92 kt min to max 97 kt 92 97 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 10.6 °0.0 ° min to max 10.6 ° 2.8 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 5 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.8 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.2 3.0 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started 3 miles north east of Gondomar (Galicia, Spain). Climbing from 2,975 ft asl to 3,465 ft asl, an increase of 490 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 98 kt97 kt min to max 100 kt 98 97 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 6.7 °1.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 1.9 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 332 fpm180 fpm min to max 504 fpm 360 348 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,219 ft asl2,975 ft asl min to max 3,465 ft asl 2,975 3,465 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.5 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.9 3.6 °
Info Turn coordination 0-4 min to max 3 0 2
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Gondomar (Galicia, Spain) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±676 ft of 4,042 ft asl3,529 ft asl min to max 4,251 ft asl 3,529 4,023 ft asl
100 % Average speed 106 kt98 kt min to max 122 kt 98 103 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 22.7 °0.1 ° min to max 22.7 ° 2.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 0-15 min to max 6 0 1
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-4.2 ° min to max 6.5 ° 3.3 6.5 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south of Tomino (Galicia, Spain). Climbing from 4,196 ft asl to 4,835 ft asl, an increase of 638 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 88 kt81 kt min to max 96 kt 90 96 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 8.6 °0.2 ° min to max 8.6 ° 1.0 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 420 fpm228 fpm min to max 1,035 fpm 1,035 319 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,602 ft asl4,196 ft asl min to max 4,835 ft asl 4,196 4,835 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.9 °3.1 ° min to max 8.4 ° 8.4 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 0-6 min to max 4 1 -2
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of O Rosal (Galicia, Spain) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 31 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±744 ft of 5,114 ft asl4,617 ft asl min to max 5,332 ft asl 4,888 4,617 ft asl
100 % Average speed 103 kt95 kt min to max 111 kt 96 103 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 11.0 °0.0 ° min to max 11.0 ° 1.2 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 4 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °-0.9 ° min to max 3.6 ° 3.5 0.7 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Arcos (Distrito do Porto, Portugal). Descent from 4,591 ft asl to 1,996 ft asl, a decrease of 2,595 ft in 4 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 89 kt60 kt min to max 112 kt 103 72 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 11.9 °0.0 ° min to max 11.9 ° 5.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -576 fpm-1,057 fpm min to max 1,258 fpm -189 -667 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,615 ft asl1,996 ft asl min to max 4,591 ft asl 4,591 1,996 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-6.1 ° min to max 8.3 ° 0.5 -3.2 °
Info Turn coordination 0-7 min to max 8 3 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 4,106 ft agl · 119 kt
Arrival Approach 71.43Final approach to runway 17 at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport. Descent from 1,913 ft agl to 97 ft agl in 127 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
100 % Landing flappassed
0 % Sink ratefailed
0 % On glideslopefailed
100 % On centrelinepassed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed
Arrival Landing 71.88Landing on runway 17 at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport, runway length 3,181 m. Threshold height at 82 ft agl was significantly above target. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 54 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 54 kt. Target 58 kt
41 % Threshold height at 82 ft agl was significantly above target.Target 50 ft agl
49 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 272 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
99 % Runway alignment max 8.22 m right3.79 m right to 8.22 m right -8.22 -4.37 m
96 % Steepest bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 1.0 °
100 % Peak g force 1.02 g1.00 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.02 g
Info Average speed 53 kt52 kt min to max 54 kt 54 52 kt
Info Average VSI -507 fpm-548 fpm min to max -413 fpm -539 -413 fpm
Info Average altitude 43 ft agl9 ft agl min to max 82 ft agl 82 9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °0.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 0.6 2.7 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,5001,5751,6501,7251,8001,8751,9502,0252,1002,1752,2502,3252,4002,4752,5502,6252,7002,7752,8502,92501633496582Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,3501,4251,5001,5751,6501,7251,8001,8751,9502,0252,1002,1752,2502,3252,4002,4752,5502,6252,7002,7752,8502,925-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 83.30Touchdown distance was good at 272 m. Touchdown speed at 52 kt was good. Touchdown rate was hard at -413 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
22 % Touchdown rate was -413 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 272 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 52 ktTarget below 57 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.96 m right4.73 m right -4.37 -4.96 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 1.0 0.1 °
78 % Peak g force 1.63 g1.02 g min to max 1.63 g 1.02 1.13 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 51 kt51 kt min to max 52 kt 52 51 kt
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °2.7 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.7 5.4 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 59 kt
Arrival Rollout 87.28Total landing distance 847 m, 27 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 13.3 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 847 m27 % of runway.
72 % Runway alignment max 13.31 m right0.00 m left to 13.31 m right -8.75 -2.29 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.99 g
Info Average speed 41 kt30 kt min to max 59 kt 59 30 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.6 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.6 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 2 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 14 kt5 kt min to max 30 kt 30 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.4 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.0 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 90.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 16 kt 14 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.9 ° 1.6 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.4 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Taxi Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl

Takeoff from LEVX 19

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
468m20 %
Runway alignment95.70
7.74m L
Rotation speed100.00
58kttarget 55, 3 late

A slow rotation

The nose came up at 58 kt against the 55 kt rotate speed, and rose at 0.7° a second, slower than the 1.4 to 3.7 other Cessna 172 pilots fly.

The rotation started on speed but the nose came up slowly. Make it one positive, continuous pull at the normal rate for this aircraft, rather than easing the nose up in steps.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
67ktat 5.2°
Rotation
0.7°/sover 1.6 s, gaining 9 kt
35 ft
76ktat 8.6°, 7.5 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
3.4°steepest
Climb 3 speed100.00
71kttarget 78

Plan view the roll down the 2,381 m runway.

Rolled from 45 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 6.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 6.7 m left. Airborne 16 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

5001,0001,5002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 6.66 m LROLL 45 M INAirborne 402 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 402 m of 2,381 m · 17 %
Behind the start of the roll, 45 mTakeoff roll, 357 m Left ahead, 1,980 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 514 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,679 m of runway left; then climbing at 870 fpm on average to 514 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 371 kt avgtarget 78THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 57 m · 1.6 sRotate 58 kttarget 55Liftoff 67 kt
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 7890 kt6030020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 57 m · 1.6 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 55held 10.2°5.2° off · 0.7°/s9° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 1.4 to 3.7° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Cessna 172 pilots over the last 180 days (64 takeoffs). A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.

20°10°0°1.4°/s3.7°/sROTATELIFTOFF35 FT5.2° off · 0.7°/s9° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began1.4 to 3.7°/s, other Cessna 172 pilotsNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 71.435 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,160 fpm
On glideslope6.5°
On centreline0.9° off
On speed+16 kt
Wings level0° bank

At the 500 ft gate: sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed and glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 2.7°.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: high all the way, sinking too fast until 0.9 nm, fast until 0.8 nm, right of the centreline from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Landing flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LPPR 17

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 2.7° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 1,290 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 2.7° here, which is about 290 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,1909106203302.7° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND2,0201,511611350500 ft gate5 of 7sink rateon glideslope1,316 ft · 74 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 418 m left of the centreline at 3.8 nm, then inside it from 2.9 to 1.0 nm, then 39 m right of it from 1.0 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND62 m L53 m R35 m R31 m R52 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 29 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 17 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 1.7 nm, then fast to 0.8 nm (up to +20 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 58+15 kt+13 kt+18 kt+1 kt−4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LPPR 17

Over the threshold

Threshold height40.71
81ft
Threshold speed100.00
53kttarget 58, 5 slow
Centreline offset99.19
8.22m R
Bank95.57
3.8°steepest
Flare48.91

The flare strayed well off the target profile

The flare began at 3 ft agl above the runway, lower than this aircraft wants. Touchdown was 272 m past the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
272m
Centreline100.00
4.96m R
Speed100.00
51kttarget 57 or less
Touchdown rate21.94
-413fpm
Impact78.29
1.63G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
1.0°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
550m26 % used
Rollout alignment71.73
13.31m R

Taxi in

Lights0.50
Wrongtaxi lights off, landing lights on
Taxi speed100.00
16kt peak

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 81 ft, 31 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 3 ft. Touched down 272 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

81 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 3 ft · −446 fpm · 2.7° · 52 kt−413 fpm · 2.7° nose up · 52 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 81 ft, down at 272 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink stayed between 410 fpm and 450 fpm from the flare to the runway. The pitch barely changed. Into the flare at 52 kt, 6 kt under the 58 kt approach speed, and 52 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaretouchdown−413 fpm at touchdown2.7° at touchdown, +0° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,181 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 m right of the centreline and drifted to 13 m right on the rollout, back to 2.5 m right by the end. Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 0 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 272 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 272 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 413 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 822 m of 3,181 m · 26 %
In the air over the runway, 272 mRollout, 550 m Left over, 2,359 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 60 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 27 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 565 mtouchdown588 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The Cessna 172 departed runway 19 at LEVX Vigo Airport. Take-off distance was 468 m, 20 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 51 kt. Local weather was 16 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 31 seconds, averaging 808 fpm and reaching 76 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,358 ft asl to 4,835 ft asl in 11 minutes, covering 20 nm while remaining overhead LEVX Vigo Airport. Level flight was held at 5,100 ft asl for 16 minutes, covering 31 nm, beginning 3 miles east of O Rosal. Descent from 4,591 ft asl to 1,996 ft asl took 4 minutes over 6 nm, starting 1 mile west of Arcos.

Final approach to runway 17 at LPPR Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport began with a descent from 1,913 ft agl to 97 ft agl in 127 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were: gear down, landing flap, on centreline, on speed, wings level - all met; sink rate and glideslope - not met. Configuration on final was flaps fully retracted at 4 ft agl, speed 59 kt.

Landing on runway 17 occurred with a threshold height of 82 ft agl, which was significantly above target, and a threshold speed of 54 kt, slightly below target. The flare was very poor, starting late. Touchdown was 272 m from the threshold at 52 kt, with a hard rate of -413 fpm. The touchdown point was 5.0 m off the centreline, but there was no bounce. Total landing distance was 847 m, 27 % of the 3,181 m runway. Rollout alignment was slightly off by 13.3 m from the centreline.

Taxiing from the runway to parking took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm. The flight covered 63 nm in 41 minutes and used 17 kg of fuel. Local weather at landing was 15 °C with wind 1 kt from 270°, a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.

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