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ESPA
Lulea, Sweden
Runway 32
Elevation43 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

96.33 %
ESPA
Lulea, Sweden
Runway 32
Elevation43 ft asl
Weight993 kg
Fuel71 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
25 Nov 2023 0:27 19 nm Cessna Skyhawk 5 kg
Departure Score
93.47 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
94.61 %

What went well

Touched down at -66 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 54 ft and 62 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 3.19 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Taxi — beacon light off should be on; peak taxi speed 33 kt at 45 %, peak speed in a turn 18 kt at 84 %, −1.91 points
Arrival Taxi — landing lights on should be off; peak speed in a turn 18 kt at 84 %, peak taxi speed 27 kt at 85 %, −0.84 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 586 m at 86 %, −0.29 points
Departure Roll — Takeoff distance 12,192 m at 0 %, Liftoff speed was 55 kn at 86 %, −0.19 points

Top opportunity

Know your rotation speed

Departure Roll

A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 71.37Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 16 minutes and covered 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
45 % Average speed 25 kn0 kn min to max 33 kn 0 16 kn
84 % Average speed turning corners 12 knmax 18 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °1.4 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.6 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 3 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Battery Master Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Roll 97.16Departure roll runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB. Takeoff distance 12,192 m 365 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 55 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Takeoff distance 12,192 m365 % of runway
86 % Liftoff speed was 55 knTarget 62 kn
99.8 % Runway alignment max 2.32 m1.59 m left to 0.73 m right -0.24 -0.73 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 0.99 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.6 2.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 62 kn55 kn min to max 65 kn 55 65 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 0.98 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 512 ft/m315 ft/m min to max 622 ft/m 315 622 ft/m
Info Average altitude 16 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 45 ft agl 0 45 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °2.9 ° min to max 8.1 ° 2.9 7.4 °
Departure Climb 2 98.84Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.0 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 69 kn65 kn min to max 86 kn 65 86 kn
95 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.1 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.89 g min to max 1.12 g 0.97 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 596 ft/m181 ft/m min to max 733 ft/m 622 693 ft/m
Info Average altitude 110 ft agl34 ft agl min to max 399 ft agl 34 399 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °2.6 ° min to max 7.4 ° 7.4 5.8 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 123 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 302 ft agl · 79 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.4 -0.6 °
100 % Average speed 85 kn84 kn min to max 86 kn 86 85 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 890 ft/m735 ft/m min to max 1,028 ft/m 735 933 ft/m
Info Average altitude 718 ft agl423 ft agl min to max 1,005 ft agl 423 1,005 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °6.0 ° min to max 7.9 ° 6.3 7.3 °
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Kallax (Lulea kommun, Norrbotten County, Sweden) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,118 ft asl972 ft asl min to max 1,180 ft asl 1,052 972 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kn85 kn min to max 97 kn 85 91 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.8 °0.0 ° min to max 20.0 ° 1.3 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.11 g 0.93 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.3 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 -2.0 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Kallax (Lulea kommun, Norrbotten County, Sweden). Descent from 964 ft asl to 813 ft asl, a decrease of 150 ft in 1 minutes and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kn88 kn min to max 92 kn 91 91 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° 1.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.02 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -301 ft/m-532 ft/m min to max -106 ft/m -532 -363 ft/m
Info Average altitude 896 ft asl813 ft asl min to max 964 ft asl 964 813 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.8 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.8 -0.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched On 885 ft agl · 93 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of Kallax (Lulea kommun, Norrbotten County, Sweden) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 764 ft asl734 ft asl min to max 808 ft asl 808 736 ft asl
100 % Average speed 86 kn76 kn min to max 91 kn 91 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.10 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-0.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° -0.7 2.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 736 ft agl · 89 kt
Arrival 100.00Arrival started 1 mile east of Kallax (Lulea kommun, Norrbotten County, Sweden).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 68 kn57 kn min to max 75 kn 75 57 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.0 ° min to max 20.2 ° 0.3 11.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.91 g min to max 1.09 g 1.00 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -348 ft/m-619 ft/m min to max 50 ft/m 50 -250 ft/m
Info Average altitude 530 ft asl333 ft asl min to max 738 ft asl 737 333 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-2.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° 2.0 -0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 593 ft agl · 79 kt
Arrival Final 1 97.11Approaching runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 281 ft agl to 43 ft agl. A decrease of 238 ft in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.8 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 2.9 ° 2.9 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 62 kn58 kn min to max 62 kn 58 62 kn
98 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.2 0.0 °
87 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 7.7 ° 7.7 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.11 g 0.94 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -339 ft/m-591 ft/m min to max -238 ft/m -435 -361 ft/m
Info Average altitude 92 ft agl43 ft agl min to max 281 ft agl 281 43 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.9 ° min to max 1.7 ° -1.5 0.8 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 97.16Landing on runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB, runway length 3,344 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 62 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 62 kn. Target 63 kn
100 % Target 50 ft agl
89 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.1 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.07 g 1.02 0.93 g
Info Average speed 59 kn52 kn min to max 62 kn 62 52 kn
Info Average VSI -202 ft/m-358 ft/m min to max -21 ft/m -358 -62 ft/m
Info Average altitude 20 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 54 ft agl 54 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.4 ° min to max 4.3 ° 0.8 2.3 °
07515022530037545052560067501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 95.62Touchdown point was 148 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 52 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -62 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -62 ft/m.
86 % Touchdown distance was 586 mTarget 457 m
95 % Speed at touchdown 52 knTarget 53 kn
94 % Runway alignment max 3.19 m3.13 m left 3.07 3.19 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.93 g min to max 1.15 g 0.93 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 52 kn52 kn min to max 52 kn 52 52 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.3 3.1 °
Arrival Rollout 95.78Total landing distance 858 m, 26 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 858 m26 % of runway.
91 % Runway alignment max 4.24 m4.24 m left to 0.00 m left 3.19 0.97 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 0.99 g
Info Average speed 54 kn30 kn min to max 58 kn 58 30 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.2 ° min to max 3.7 ° 3.2 2.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 13 kn6 kn min to max 30 kn 30 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.8 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.7 2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 87.37Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Average speed 16 kn0 kn min to max 27 kn 12 0 kn
84 % Average speed turning corners 14 knmax 18 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °1.6 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.4 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 21 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Stopped 3 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll360 m · 11 %
86.02Liftoff speed55 kt
99.78Runway alignment1.59 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
100.00Rate of climb511 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height54 ft
100.00Threshold speed62 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.02 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on ESPA 32

Past threshold85.78
587m
Centreline94.26
3.19m L
Speed94.58
52kt
Touchdown rate98.78
-66fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

54 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 54 ft, down at 587 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,344 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 587 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 587 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 840 m of 3,344 m · 25 %
Rollout distance100.00
253m25 % used
Rollout alignment90.62
4.24m L

The rest of the report

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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB in the Cessna Skyhawk
93.47 %
71.37 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 16 minutes and covered 7 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
44.67 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
83.75 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
97.16 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB. Takeoff distance 12,192 m 365 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 55 kn. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 12,192 m using 364.64 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
86.02 %
Liftoff speed was 55 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
99.78 %
1.59 m left to 0.73 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
60 30 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3 2
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250-20-15-10-505101520 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
70 60 50
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 5.5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
700 300 -100
98.84 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
95.37 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 5 2
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 400 0
100 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 ESPA Kallax AB.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 85 80
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 7 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 850 600
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2500166332498664830 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50100200300400500600700800900 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.5-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 96.42 %
97.11 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 281 ft agl to 43 ft agl. A decrease of 238 ft in 41 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
98.21 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
3 2 1
IAS kt
100 %
62 56 50
Alignment
98.21 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
87.35 %
8 4 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-238 -419 -600
00.250.50.751050100150200250300 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
97.16 %
Landing
Landing on runway 32 at ESPA Kallax AB, runway length 3,344 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 62 kn.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was good at 62 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
88.64 %
Very good landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
62 56 50
Pitch °
Info
5 2.5 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-21 -210 -400
07515022530037545052560067501123344657 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
95.62 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 148 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 52 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -62 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 16 °C. Wind 1 kn at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
Touchdown
98.78 %
Touchdown rate was excellent at -66 fpm.
Speed
94.58 %
Touchdown speed at 52 kt was a little fast. Target below 48 kn
Distance
85.87 %
Touchdown point was 148 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
94.26 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.2 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.2 °
G
100 %
G 1.06 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
95.78 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 858 m, 26 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 858 m using 25.65 % of runway
Alignment
90.62 %
Runway rollout alignment was very good.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
52 31 10
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3 2
0200400600800 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
87.37 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
Switched On
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
84.67 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
83.75 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2 1
Metrics
Metrics

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