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EDYK
Siegen, Germany
Runway 27
Elevation1,283 ft asl
Weight995 kg
Fuel131 kg
Wind187° · 11 kn · 11 kn cross

Flight Score

95.73 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight980 kg
Fuel115 kg
Wind145° · 4 kn · 2 kn cross
20 Aug 2024 0:27 46 nm Piper PA-24-250 Comanche 16 kg
Departure Score
92.75 %
Enroute Score
99.71 %
Arrival Score
93.40 %

What went well

Touched down at -142 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 291 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 32 ft and 69 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.7 ° at 21 %, −1.37 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Runway alignment max 11.63 m at 81 %, −1.13 points
Departure Climb 2 — bank angle up to 10.9 ° at 77 %, −0.72 points

Next time

Maintain the centreline

See Departure Roll

A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 27 at EDYK Siegen-Eisernhardt Airfield, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 18 kn 0 8 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °3.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 3.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Info Average g force 0.97 g0.79 g min to max 1.16 g 1.00 0.96 g
Departure Roll 89.81Departure roll runway 27 at EDYK Siegen-Eisernhardt Airfield. Takeoff distance 296 m 40 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 69 kn. Local weather - Temperature 20 °C. Wind 11 kn at 186 °. Crosswind: 11 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 296 m40 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 69 knTarget 70 kn
81 % Runway alignment max 11.63 m8.29 m left to 3.34 m right -2.95 8.03 m
86 % Average g force 0.40 g0.02 g min to max 0.99 g 0.99 0.02 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °2.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.5 2.7 °
Info Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.3 5.6 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 94.93Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 27 EDYK Siegen-Eisernhardt Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation -0.4 °-1.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -1.2 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 79 kn70 kn min to max 84 kn 70 83 kn
87 % Average bank angle 4.7 °0.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° 5.5 3.6 °
86 % Average g force 0.95 g0.01 g min to max 1.06 g 0.01 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 512 ft/m315 ft/m min to max 668 ft/m 315 668 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 40 ft agl 0 40 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °2.7 ° min to max 8.0 ° 2.7 8.0 °
Departure Climb 2 93.52Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 27 EDYK Siegen-Eisernhardt Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation -0.3 °-2.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -2.1 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn80 kn min to max 90 kn 83 90 kn
77 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 10.9 ° 3.1 10.9 °
98 % Average g force 0.92 g0.43 g min to max 1.01 g 0.94 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 876 ft/m666 ft/m min to max 1,228 ft/m 677 1,228 ft/m
Info Average altitude 96 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 350 ft agl 41 350 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °7.8 ° min to max 10.4 ° 8.1 8.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 204 ft agl · 88 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead EDYK Siegen-Eisernhardt Airfield Siegen (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,656 ft asl to 4,643 ft asl, an increase of 2,987 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn87 kn min to max 137 kn 91 137 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.8 °0.3 ° min to max 28.9 ° 13.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.92 g0.79 g min to max 1.04 g 0.94 0.84 g
Info Average VSI 977 ft/m-363 ft/m min to max 1,776 ft/m 1,319 -363 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,005 ft asl1,656 ft asl min to max 4,643 ft asl 1,656 4,643 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.8 °-2.5 ° min to max 11.7 ° 8.6 -2.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Burbach (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 4,630 ft asl4,572 ft asl min to max 4,715 ft asl 4,596 4,638 ft asl
100 % Average speed 143 kn136 kn min to max 150 kn 142 137 kn
100 % Average bank angle 9.5 °0.3 ° min to max 18.5 ° 8.5 10.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.67 g min to max 1.01 g 0.88 0.95 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -1.8 °-4.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° -2.4 -1.8 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile west of Haiger (Hessen, Germany). Descent from 4,613 ft asl to 4,102 ft asl, a decrease of 511 ft in 1 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 138 kn132 kn min to max 146 kn 138 132 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.4 °0.6 ° min to max 10.7 ° 6.7 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.89 g0.63 g min to max 1.26 g 0.83 0.94 g
Info Average VSI -487 ft/m-1,148 ft/m min to max 210 ft/m -441 -439 ft/m
Info Average altitude 4,311 ft asl4,102 ft asl min to max 4,613 ft asl 4,613 4,102 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.5 °-4.9 ° min to max -0.0 ° -3.3 -1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 2 98.57Enroute level cruise started 2 miles north east of Breitscheid (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,881 ft asl3,542 ft asl min to max 4,114 ft asl 4,057 3,593 ft asl
100 % Average speed 124 kn115 kn min to max 134 kn 132 126 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.5 °0.0 ° min to max 19.8 ° 6.9 8.2 °
86 % Average g force 0.89 g0.00 g min to max 1.19 g 0.92 0.88 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-3.1 ° min to max 6.4 ° -0.4 -0.7 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile east of Muenzenberg (Hessen, Germany). Descent from 3,592 ft asl to 2,258 ft asl, a decrease of 1,334 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 127 kn120 kn min to max 132 kn 125 121 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.3 ° min to max 16.4 ° 8.7 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.64 g min to max 1.09 g 0.94 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -686 ft/m-1,487 ft/m min to max 150 ft/m -52 -883 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,847 ft asl2,258 ft asl min to max 3,592 ft asl 3,592 2,258 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.7 °-6.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.9 -4.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile east of Muenzenberg (Hessen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 95 kn75 kn min to max 122 kn 121 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.9 ° 2.4 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.90 g0.70 g min to max 1.07 g 0.92 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -726 ft/m-1,215 ft/m min to max -381 ft/m -866 -1,034 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,564 ft asl858 ft asl min to max 2,244 ft asl 2,244 858 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-5.3 ° min to max -1.3 ° -4.1 -4.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,285 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 763 ft agl · 89 kt
Arrival Final 1 83.53Approaching runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 444 ft agl to 41 ft agl. A decrease of 403 ft in 24 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
21 % Approach angle 3.7 °2.3 ° min to max 6.0 °Target 3.0 ° 6.0 2.3 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn70 kn min to max 76 kn 75 70 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.7 ° 0.1 0.5 °
94 % Average g force 0.94 g0.28 g min to max 1.07 g 0.85 0.86 g
Info Average VSI -947 ft/m-1,209 ft/m min to max -823 ft/m -1,002 -823 ft/m
Info Average altitude 125 ft agl41 ft agl min to max 444 ft agl 444 41 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.0 °-5.2 ° min to max -1.1 ° -5.2 -1.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-30-23-15-7.507.5152330Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 99.08Landing on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim, runway length 1,230 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 70 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 70 kn. Target 70 kn
96 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.5 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 0.94 g0.83 g min to max 1.09 g 0.88 0.94 g
Info Average speed 62 kn53 kn min to max 70 kn 70 54 kn
Info Average VSI -314 ft/m-817 ft/m min to max -83 ft/m -817 -142 ft/m
Info Average altitude 10 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 33 ft agl 33 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 5.3 ° -1.6 5.1 °
07515022530001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.14Touchdown distance was good at 289 m. Touchdown speed at 54 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -142 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 3.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. Wind 4 kn at 144 °. Crosswind: 2 kn Headwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -142 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 289 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 54 knTarget 55 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 3.44 m3.37 m left 3.35 3.44 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.3 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.3 0.9 °
94 % Average g force 0.64 g0.30 g min to max 0.95 g 0.94 0.30 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 53 kn51 kn min to max 54 kn 54 51 kn
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °5.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 5.1 6.7 °
Arrival Rollout 94.84Total landing distance 517 m, 42 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 517 m42 % of runway.
91 % Runway alignment max 5.58 m5.58 m left to 0.00 m left 3.45 1.79 m
90 % Average g force 0.48 g0.15 g min to max 0.86 g 0.27 0.74 g
Info Average speed 52 kn33 kn min to max 56 kn 56 33 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.7 °1.7 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.7 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.9 0.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 53 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 6 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 28 kn 28 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.9 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.8 2.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.02 g0.78 g min to max 1.18 g 0.78 1.17 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 4 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 69 kt with 2.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF2.7° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 2.5° 0 s
Liftoff299 m 69 kt 2.7° 48.5 s
35 ft528 m · 5.1 s after liftoff 84 kt 7.5° 53.6 s
End of the climb1,313 m · 350 ft 90 kt 8.6° 71 s

Takeoff from EDYK 27

Takeoff roll100.00
296m40 %
Liftoff speed100.00
69kt
Runway alignment80.89
8.29m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb94.93
511fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 350 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 120 m of runway left; then climbing at 930 fpm on average to 350 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 69 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 732 m runway.

Rolled from 83 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 8.3 m at the widest, and lifted off 8 m left, in 10 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 52 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600700THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS10 kn75 %widest 8.32 m LROLL 83 M INAirborne 382 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 382 m of 732 m · 52 %
Behind the start of the roll, 83 mTakeoff roll, 299 m Left ahead, 349 m

The approach to EDFB 18

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

On the glideslope from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 2.7 nm, then high to 0.2 nm (up to 630 ft over), then back on it to the threshold.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,6251,260977724420
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 336 m left of the centreline at 3.8 nm, then inside the band from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND249 m L110 m L58 m L35 m L12 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EDFB 18

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
32ft
Threshold speed100.00
69kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
291m
Centreline98.56
3.44m L
Speed100.00
53kt
Touchdown rate98.56
-142fpm
Impact94.29
0.95G
Bounces80.00
1
The crosswind

Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 145° at 4 kt · 4 kt head · 2 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 58 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.15 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608030 kt · 243 mtouchdown253 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,230 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 32 ft, 18 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 291 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,230 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

32 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −141 fpm · 5.1° nose up · 54 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 32 ft, down at 291 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 830 fpm at 31 ft to 140 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 6.7° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°touchdown−141 fpm at touchdown5.1° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 1,230 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.4 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 5.6 m left at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 2 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 291 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 291 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 0.95 G arrival bounced.

Runway used 501 m of 1,230 m · 41 %
In the air over the runway, 291 mRollout, 211 m Left over, 728 m
Rollout distance100.00
211m41 % used
Rollout alignment90.76
5.58m L

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