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KAAO
Wichita, United States
Runway 36
Elevation1,401 ft asl
Weight1,814 lbs
Fuel100 lbs
Wind7° · 2 kn

Flight Score

86.02 %
KAAO
Wichita, United States
Runway 18
Elevation1,401 ft asl
Weight1,739 lbs
Fuel88 lbs
Wind6° · 2 kn
5 Sep 2026 0:13 10 nm Cessna 172 12 lbs
Departure Score
94.71 %
Enroute Score
99.99 %
Arrival Score
63.36 %

What went well

Straight touchdown — 5.1 ft off the centreline, no bounce
Rotated at 71 kt — on the 65 kt rotation target
Airborne in 1,657 ft — 27 % of the runway

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 38 %, Threshold speed was excessively high at 85 kt at 38 %, −6.91 points
Firm touchdown — 924 fpm, −3.78 points on the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 924 fpm−3.33
  • Arrival Touchdown · 2.18 G at contact−0.44
Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 9.5 ° at 7 %, Touchdown distance was 2,401 ft at 70 %, −1.53 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 78 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 23 kt fast at 101 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 78 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Reduce power on final so the aircraft arrives at 62 kt over the threshold instead of carrying excess speed.

What happened: Crossing the threshold at 85 kt against a 62 kt target usually carries extra energy into the flare as a balloon, and the sink that returns afterward usually arrives hard at touchdown.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 62 kt at the threshold

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Fast at the threshold, normal flare, and the runway seems to refuse the aircraft. The instinctive fix - pushing it on - causes the next one. A fast aircraft forced onto the runway touches nosewheel-first or nearly so. The tell is a touchdown that feels soft followed by a bounce that steepens. Pilots fix the bounce recovery; the cause was the 10 knots at the threshold.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 10 stages, 8 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kt0 kt min to max 20 kt 0 5 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 10 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.7 ° min to max 2.8 ° 1.9 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.4 0.6 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 36 at KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport, Average speed was 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 4 kt0 kt min to max 9 kt 4 9 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °1.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.1 2.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
Departure Roll 95.00Departure roll runway 36 at KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport. Takeoff distance 1,657 ft 27 % of runway. Rotation speed was 71 kt. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 2 kt at 6 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,657 ft27 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 71 ktTarget 65 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.0 ft right1.4 ft left to 3.0 ft right 0.6 -3.0 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.14 g 0.99 1.14 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.6 ° min to max 7.4 ° 2.7 7.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 1.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Departure Climb 1 99.34Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 36 KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 74 kt72 kt min to max 75 kt 72 75 kt
97 % Steepest bank angle 5.9 °1.1 ° min to max 5.9 ° 1.1 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.92 g min to max 1.37 g 1.24 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 729 fpm407 fpm min to max 888 fpm 407 887 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 0 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.6 °7.8 ° min to max 11.1 ° 7.8 8.6 °
Departure Climb 2 97.22Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 36 KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.5 °-0.9 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.5 -0.9 °
100 % Average speed 78 kt75 kt min to max 86 kt 75 82 kt
89 % Steepest bank angle 8.9 °0.0 ° min to max 8.9 ° 2.2 3.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.91 g min to max 1.12 g 0.92 1.08 g
Info Average VSI 813 fpm386 fpm min to max 1,301 fpm 886 1,148 fpm
Info Average altitude 97 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 355 ft agl 33 355 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °3.9 ° min to max 11.1 ° 8.6 11.1 °
Departure Climb 3 81.99Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 36 KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Climb speed 101 kt81 kt min to max 117 ktTarget 78 kt, 23 kt fast 82 101 kt
88 % Steepest bank angle 27.5 °0.0 ° min to max 27.5 ° 0.1 27.5 °
99.5 % Average g force 1.00 g0.23 g min to max 1.38 g 0.98 1.38 g
100 % Landing gear fixed
Info Heading variation -3.4 °-4.4 ° min to max -1.1 ° -1.1 -2.0 °
Info Average VSI 135 fpm-938 fpm min to max 1,811 fpm 1,248 863 fpm
Info Average altitude 634 ft agl375 ft agl min to max 918 ft agl 375 786 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-5.3 ° min to max 13.2 ° 10.2 8.2 °
Enroute Level 99.99Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of KS10 Lake Chelan Airport Chelan (Kansas, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±611 ft of 2,542 ft asl2,228 ft asl min to max 2,700 ft asl 2,228 2,520 ft asl
100 % Average speed 94 kt76 kt min to max 116 kt 99 116 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 34.0 °0.1 ° min to max 34.0 ° 28.8 1.2 °
99.9 % Average g force 1.02 g0.64 g min to max 1.37 g 1.37 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.7 °-7.8 ° min to max 15.0 ° 10.6 -4.9 °
Go-around Go-Around runway 18 at KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport at 945 ft agl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 86 kt76 kt min to max 107 kt 76 85 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 18.0 °0.1 ° min to max 18.0 ° 18.0 6.0 °
99 % Average g force 1.00 g0.74 g min to max 1.52 g 0.92 0.98 g
Info Average altitude 510 ft agl106 ft agl min to max 945 ft agl 945 106 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-8.3 ° min to max 7.4 ° -1.2 -5.4 °
Arrival Landing 58.54Landing on runway 18 at KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport, runway length 6,083 ft. Threshold height at 71 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 85 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 85 kt. Target 62 kt
64 % Threshold height at 71 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
38 % The flare strayed well off the target profile. Crossing the threshold 23 kt above target, the flare took all the sink out 25 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 1,033 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 2,401 ft past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.
96 % Runway alignment max 40.5 ft left40.5 ft left to 17.4 ft right 40.5 -9.0 ft
91 % Steepest bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 5.5 ° 5.5 1.7 °
99 % Lowest g force 0.74 g0.74 g min to max 1.23 g 0.99 0.83 g
Info Average speed 75 kt63 kt min to max 85 kt 85 63 kt
Info Average VSI -383 fpm-1,208 fpm min to max 138 fpm -1,201 -649 fpm
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 71 ft agl 71 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-5.1 ° min to max 6.9 ° -5.1 -0.8 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,75001631476278Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,750-60-48-36-24-1201224364860Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 68.18Touchdown point was 967 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 63 kt was a little fast. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -924 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 69 °F. Wind 3 kt at 230 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown rate was -924 fpm.
70 % Touchdown distance was 2,401 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 63 ktTarget below 62 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 9.0 ft right6.9 ft right -9.0 -5.1 ft
7 % Steepest bank angle 9.4 °0.3 ° min to max 9.4 ° 1.7 9.4 °
47 % Peak g force 2.18 g0.50 g min to max 2.18 g 0.83 0.50 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kt41 kt min to max 63 kt 63 41 kt
Info Average pitch angle -17.5 °-42.0 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.8 -42.0 °

Takeoff from KAAO 36

Taxi out

Lights75.00
Offlanding
Taxi speed100.00
20kt peak8 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,657ft27 %
Runway alignment100.00
3.0ft R
Rotation speed100.00
71kttarget 65, 6 late

Rotated late

The nose came up at 71 kt, 6 kt after the 65 kt rotate speed.

The pull started after the rotate speed had gone by. Bring the airspeed into the scan as it approaches the rotate speed, so the pull starts on the number rather than when you notice it has passed.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
72ktat 4.7°
35 ft
75ktat 8.3°, 4.0 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff97.34
5.9°steepest
Climb 3 speed61.33
101kttarget 78

Plan view the roll down the 6,086 ft runway.

Rolled from 174 ft in, never more than 3 ft off the centreline. Airborne 26 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.6 ft RROLL 174 FT INAirborne 1,618 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,618 ft of 6,086 ft · 27 %
Behind the start of the roll, 174 ftTakeoff roll, 1,444 ft Left ahead, 4,468 ft

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 786 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 3,936 ft of runway left; then climbing at 220 fpm on average to 786 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3101 kt avgtarget 78THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 25 ft · 0.2 sRotate 71 kttarget 65Liftoff 72 ktSCALE CHANGES5.2 nm past the runway
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 78120 kt8040020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 25 ft · 0.2 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 65held 3.1°4.7° off8° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090120150180210 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

The approach to KAAO 18

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 320 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND520
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 2,170 ft right of the centreline at 0.6 nm.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1468 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to +23 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 62+15 kt+23 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KAAO 18

Over the threshold

Threshold height63.76
71ft
Threshold speed38.10
85kttarget 62, 23 fast
Centreline offset96.44
40.5ft L
Bank90.79
5.5°steepest
Flare37.53

The flare strayed well off the target profile

Crossing the threshold 23 kt above target, the flare took all the sink out 25 ft agl above the runway and the aircraft then dropped the rest of the way, 1,033 fpm of sink coming back. Touchdown was 2,401 ft past the threshold. Hold the attitude and let it settle rather than pushing - that excess speed is what turns a normal flare into a balloon, so the fix is on the approach, not in the flare.

Touchdown

Past threshold69.96
2,401ft
Centreline100.00
9.0ft R
Speed100.00
63kttarget 61, 2 fast
Touchdown rate0.00
-924fpm
Impact46.86
2.18G
BouncesOk
None
Bank6.88
9.4°as the wheels touched

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 71 ft, 21 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 29 ft; ballooned 6 ft from 23 ft. Touched down 2,401 ft in, 1,401 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

71 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT held off 1,063 ft from the lowest point 80 ft400 Flare 29 ft · −417 fpm · 0.3° · 83 ktballooned +6 ft · from 23 ft to 30 ft−923 fpm · −0.8° nose down · 63 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 71 ft, down at 2,401 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From the flare the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 120 fpm before coming down at 920 fpm to touch. The nose went down 1.1° on the way down. Into the flare at 83 kt, 21 kt over the 62 kt approach speed, and 63 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−1,750−3,500−7°2°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−923 fpm at touchdown−0.8° at touchdown, −1.1° from the flareclimbing 115 fpm
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 6,083 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 ft right of the centreline. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, 9.5° of bank.

Wind 006° at 2 kt · 2 kt tail · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,401 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,401 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 2.18 G arrival is the firm side of smooth.

Runway used 2,401 ft of 6,083 ft · 39 %
In the air over the runway, 2,401 ftRollout, 0 ft Left over, 3,682 ft

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 73 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 1 s, an average deceleration of 4.88 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 46 ft30 kt · 67 fttouchdown300 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Cessna 172 taxied from the parking area to runway 36 at KAAO Colonel James Jabara Airport, a movement that lasted 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

The aircraft commenced its departure roll on runway 36, achieving lift-off after a ground roll of 1,657 ft-27 % of the runway length-at a liftoff speed of 72 kt. Ambient conditions were 60 °F with a wind of 2 kt from 6°, giving a 2 kt headwind and no crosswind.

Following takeoff, the pilot entered a left-hand pattern for runway 36, flying a distance of less than 1 nm in 213 seconds.

The subsequent left-hand crosswind leg of the pattern covered less than 1 nm in 18 seconds.

The downwind turn was executed at a 45° angle to the runway, traversing 5 nm with a measured turn angle of 10.0°.

The downwind leg itself extended 1 nm and was completed in 37 seconds.

The aircraft then established a final approach to runway 18 from the north, aligning on a heading of 183.0° at 4 nm distance and descending to 1,102 ft above ground level.

At 1,077 ft agl the crew initiated a go-around on runway 18, climbing away before re-establishing a subsequent approach.

Subsequent to the missed approach, the Cessna landed on runway 18, whose length is 6,083 ft; the threshold height of 71 ft agl was above the intended target and the published threshold speed of 85 kt was noted as excessively high. Touchdown occurred 366 ft beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 63 kt, with a heavy descent rate of minus 649 fpm, while runway alignment remained very good. Weather at the time was 69 °F with a wind of 3 kt from 230°, providing a 2 kt headwind and a 2 kt crosswind.

In total, the flight covered 12 nm, required 13 (units as given) and consumed 12 lb of fuel.

Metrics
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