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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Arrival
Stop the rotation once the sink is arrested at 0.3 ft, holding the normal landing attitude instead of continuing to pull back.
What happened: The flare pitch reached 3.3°, well above this type's ground attitude, and touchdown followed at a sink rate of 357 fpm. Over-rotating the flare like this usually carries through to a firm or hard touchdown.
Watch for: Attitude indicator: hold the normal landing attitude once sink is arrested at 0.3 ft.
Trim is the hidden variable. In trim, the flare is a small refinement to an aircraft already in equilibrium, a couple of millimetres of stick. Out of trim, you're holding a constant force all the way down final, and the flare becomes a large, badly judged movement stacked on top of a load you're already carrying. A striking proportion of "I can't judge the flare" complaints are trim complaints wearing a disguise. If you're holding pressure at 500 feet, fix that before you practise anything else.
Read more in How to Land a Plane Smoothly in Microsoft Flight SimulatorStart to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 125 kt, 7 kt below the 132 kt target, and lifted off at 139 kt 3.0 s later, the nose coming up at 2.8° a second. Climb 3 averaged 178 kt, 14 kt over its 164 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 921 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,942 m of runway left; gear up at 25 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,260 fpm on average to 921 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,938 m runway.
Rolled from 119 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.9 m right, in 14 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 25 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
When the approach was stable
Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 90 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 5× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 73 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 31 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 18 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +1 kt and +8 kt on the approach speed of 122 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare strayed well off the target profile. Pitch reached 8.9° at touchdown, well above this aircraft's ground attitude. Touchdown was 464 m past the threshold. That is tail strike territory - stop the rotation once the sink is arrested.
16 kt across from the right, which takes about 8° of crab to hold the centreline at 122 kt. Touched down with 7° of it still on, wings level.
Wind 049° at 17 kt · 1 kt head · 16 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 57 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare late, at 10 ft. Touched down 464 m in, 160 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 480 fpm at the flare to 360 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.1° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,498 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.3 m right of the centreline and drifted to 13 m right on the rollout, back to 5.8 m right by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 464 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 1.41 G arrival bounced.
The rest of the report
The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 09 at Pula Airport for six minutes, covering 2 nm.
Take-off was performed on runway 09 with a take-off distance of 757 m, which was 26 % of the runway. Rotation occurred at 125 kt. Local weather at departure was 13 °C, wind 32 kt from 059°, giving a 15 kt cross-wind component and a 28 kt head-wind component.
Initial climb to 1 000 ft agl lasted 22 seconds, averaging 2 112 fpm and reaching 190 kt at the top of the climb. The aircraft then climbed from 1 206 ft asl to 8 010 ft asl in two minutes, covering 10 nm while passing overhead Pula.
Cruise was maintained at approximately 8 000 ft asl for six minutes, covering 27 nm, beginning about eight miles south-east of Krnica.
Descent began from 7 992 ft asl and proceeded to 1 494 ft asl in ten minutes, covering 31 nm, starting one mile north-east of Baska, with a brief level-off at 5 000 ft asl.
Final approach to runway 32 at Rijeka Airport started from 1 292 ft agl and descended to 72 ft agl in 114 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1 000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were all met: gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed, and wings level. The landing gear was lowered at 4 457 ft agl while the aircraft was at 199 kt. The final flap position 4 was selected at 2 940 ft agl with a speed of 128 kt.
Landing was made on runway 32, whose length is 2 498 m. The threshold height of 57 ft agl was slightly above target, while the threshold speed of 126 kt was good. The flare was poor, with the nose raised too far. Touchdown occurred at 122 kt, a little fast, and the touchdown rate was firm at minus 358 fpm. Touchdown distance was good at 464 m and alignment was very good. One bounce occurred on touchdown.
Total landing distance was 1 217 m, representing 49 % of the runway. Rollout alignment was slightly off centreline by 12.5 m. Local weather at landing was 11 °C, wind 13 kt from 050°, giving a 13 kt cross-wind component and a 1 kt head-wind component.
After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in eight minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The entire flight covered 75 nm in 29 minutes and used 931 kg of fuel.
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