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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.
What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 2.5°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.
Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 18 stages, 16 in the score
Events
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 74 kt with 7.6° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 978 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 3,107 m of runway left; then climbing at 1,080 fpm on average to 978 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 3,989 m runway.
Rolled from 199 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.7 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.7 m right. Airborne 16 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.
At the 1,000 ft gate: no landing flap set and centreline more than 1° off.
At the 500 ft gate: no landing flap set and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: no landing flap all the way, right of the centreline until 0.5 nm, fast from 1.8 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 443 m right of the centreline, then inside the band from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 44 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 26 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 2.5 nm, then fast to 2.2 nm (up to +42 kt), then inside the band to 1.8 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +32 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Great landing flare
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 1° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 049° at 9 kt · 8 kt head · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 69 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.26 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 23 ft, 27 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 315 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 550 fpm at 24 ft to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 3,989 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.6 m right of the centreline, and stayed within 2.9 m of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 315 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 06 at ELLX Luxembourg-Findel International Airport, where the PA44 Seminole aircraft took off with a takeoff distance of 455 meters, which is 11% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 75 knots. At the time of departure, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 26 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 13 knots at a direction of 49 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 2 knots and a headwind of 13 knots.
As the aircraft climbed, it started its enroute climb overhead Sandweiler, Luxembourg, where it ascended from an altitude of 2,219 feet above sea level to 4,042 feet above sea level, an increase of 1,823 feet in just 2 minutes, covering less than 1 nautical mile. The enroute level cruise then started overhead Senningen, Luxembourg, and lasted for 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles.
The aircraft then began its enroute descent from an altitude of 3,850 feet above sea level to 3,164 feet above sea level, a decrease of 685 feet in 2 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise started again overhead Olm, Luxembourg, and lasted for 4 minutes, covering a distance of 6 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 06 at ELLX Luxembourg-Findel International Airport was made from the southwest, heading 59.0 degrees at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,225 feet above ground level. The landing was successful, with a touchdown distance of 315 meters, which is 12% of the runway length. The touchdown speed was 79 knots, which is slightly faster than the target speed, but the touchdown rate was perfect at 89 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was very good.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots at a direction of 50 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 1 knot and a headwind of 8 knots. The total landing distance was 481 meters, and the runway rollout alignment was perfect. The aircraft then taxied to the parking area from the runway, taking 1 minute and covering less than 1 nautical mile.
The total flight distance was 21 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 14 minutes. The aircraft used a total of -137 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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