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KPDX
Portland, United States
Runway 10R
Elevation23 ft asl
Weight5,267 lbs
Fuel1,019 lbs
Wind140° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

89.09 %
KPDX
Portland, United States
Runway 28R
Elevation23 ft asl
Weight5,174 lbs
Fuel904 lbs
Wind140° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross
1 Nov 2026 0:16 22 nm GroundStopFS 115 lbs
Departure Score
97.74 %
Enroute Score
92.28 %
Arrival Score
77.26 %

What went well

Touched down at -78 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 7.4 ft off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 96 %

What held you back

Arrival Approach — GPWS warning; 500 ft gate 43 %, −3.81 points
Arrival Taxi — peak taxi speed 71 kt at 0 %, Landing Lights at 1 %, −3.00 points
Enroute Climb — bank angle up to 55.8 ° at 68 %, g force -0.09 to 2.21 g at 82 %, −2.42 points

Next time

Departure

Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 110 kt and hold it there.

What happened: Climb speed was 26 kt fast at 136 kt during the climb.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 110 kt in the climb

See Departure Climb 3

Arrival

Steepen the descent on final to rejoin the glideslope, aiming to cross the threshold at 50 ft.

What happened: The approach drifted above the glideslope, carrying the aircraft across the threshold at 70 ft against the 50 ft target. Crossing the threshold high like this usually carries the touchdown point long.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude against 50 ft on short final to confirm the glidepath is recaptured before the threshold.

See Arrival ApproachArrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 13 minutes and covered 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 29 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 15 ktmax 24 kt 0 11 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.1 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.0 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 2 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 1 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 10R at KPDX Portland International Airport, Average speed was 12 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 9 kt8 kt min to max 10 kt 10 8 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.0 °0.9 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.9 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 10R at KPDX Portland International Airport. Takeoff distance 4,140 ft 38 % of runway. Rotation speed was 92 kt. Local weather - Temperature 48 °F. Wind 3 kt at 140 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 4,140 ft38 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 92 ktTarget 91 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 6.1 ft left6.1 ft left to 0.0 ft left 0.0 2.4 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.13 g 1.00 1.13 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.3 ° min to max 6.3 ° 1.0 6.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 6 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 10R KPDX Portland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 100 kt96 kt min to max 103 kt 96 103 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g1.06 g min to max 1.28 g 1.24 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 708 fpm417 fpm min to max 954 fpm 417 954 fpm
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 0 32 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °6.3 ° min to max 9.8 ° 6.4 9.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 10R KPDX Portland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
100 % Average speed 105 kt103 kt min to max 107 kt 103 105 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,284 fpm967 fpm min to max 2,255 fpm 967 2,255 fpm
Info Average altitude 93 ft agl33 ft agl min to max 364 ft agl 33 364 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °9.8 ° min to max 15.5 ° 9.8 15.5 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 121 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 121 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 227 ft agl · 106 kt
Departure Climb 3 88.69Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 10R KPDX Portland International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
73 % Climb speed 136 kt99 kt min to max 167 ktTarget 110 kt, 26 kt fast 103 157 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.9 °
94 % Average g force 0.99 g-0.81 g min to max 1.91 g 0.97 1.81 g
100 % Landing gear up at 76 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.9 °
Info Average VSI 355 fpm-1,920 fpm min to max 3,467 fpm 2,297 1,950 fpm
Info Average altitude 661 ft agl312 ft agl min to max 1,024 ft agl 403 948 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-11.8 ° min to max 15.7 ° 15.7 13.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 810 ft agl · 128 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 427 ft agl · 134 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 980 ft agl · 146 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 770 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 609 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 609 ft agl · 140 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 325 ft agl · 156 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 533 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Deactivated 533 ft agl · 160 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 897 ft agl · 158 kt
Enroute Climb 85.50Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Maywood Park (Oregon, United States). Climbing from 765 ft asl to 3,165 ft asl, an increase of 2,400 ft in 3 minutes and covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 127 kt51 kt min to max 157 kt 154 134 kt
68 % Average bank angle 11.2 °0.0 ° min to max 55.8 ° 0.3 7.8 °
82 % Average g force 1.12 g-0.09 g min to max 2.21 g 1.14 0.83 g
Info Average VSI 677 fpm-4,312 fpm min to max 5,969 fpm 3,331 1,469 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,874 ft asl765 ft asl min to max 3,165 ft asl 765 3,165 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 4.6 °-14.0 ° min to max 36.4 ° 14.1 5.4 °
Info Turn coordination 0-21 min to max 99 0 8

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,083 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Level Change Activated 2,083 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,913 ft agl · 93 kt
Enroute Descent 99.05Enroute descent started overhead Fairview (Oregon, United States). Descent from 3,187 ft asl to 2,000 ft asl, a decrease of 1,188 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 137 kt98 kt min to max 199 kt 134 105 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.4 °0.6 ° min to max 38.1 ° 12.4 1.6 °
91 % Average g force 1.01 g0.16 g min to max 1.78 g 0.86 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -228 fpm-4,523 fpm min to max 6,244 fpm 1,159 -1,372 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,391 ft asl2,000 ft asl min to max 4,260 ft asl 3,187 2,000 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-21.1 ° min to max 23.7 ° 4.2 -6.0 °
Info Turn coordination 0-12 min to max 21 8 -1

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 3,172 ft agl · 204 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,272 ft agl · 197 kt
Arrival Approach 42.86Final approach to runway 28R at KPDX Portland International Airport. Descent from 2,152 ft agl to 94 ft agl in 90 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Gear downfailed
100 % Landing flappassed
0 % Sink ratefailed
0 % On glideslopefailed
0 % On centrelinefailed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 874 ft agl · 102 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 415 ft agl · 94 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 287 ft agl · 92 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 747 ft agl · 99 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 366 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 254 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 176 ft agl · 92 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 102 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 90 ft agl · 89 kt
Arrival Landing 89.23Landing on runway 28R at KPDX Portland International Airport, runway length 9,279 ft. Threshold height at 71 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 89 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 89 kt. Target 90 kt
65 % Threshold height at 71 ft agl was well above target.Target 50 ft agl
96 % The flare tracked the target profile closely. The flare was flown from 71 ft agl over the threshold, well above the target height, so the aircraft was above the profile for most of the landing. Touchdown was 1,665 ft past the threshold. The flare cannot recover height that was never lost - fly the approach down to the aim point and the flare has somewhere to start from.
95 % Runway alignment max 52.2 ft right9.0 ft right to 52.2 ft right -52.2 -9.0 ft
96 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.0 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.7 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.17 g0.91 g min to max 1.17 g 1.08 0.91 g
Info Average speed 81 kt72 kt min to max 89 kt 89 72 kt
Info Average VSI -409 fpm-709 fpm min to max -40 fpm -709 -78 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl-9 ft agl min to max 71 ft agl 71 -9 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °-1.7 ° min to max 5.9 ° -0.2 2.8 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,25001428435771Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 99.18Touchdown point was 264 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 72 kt was good. Touchdown rate was excellent at -78 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 47 °F. Wind 3 kt at 110 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -78 fpm.
95 % Touchdown distance was 1,665 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 72 ktTarget below 87 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 9.0 ft right8.0 ft right -9.0 -7.4 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Peak g force 1.17 g0.88 g min to max 1.17 g 0.91 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 72 71 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °0.5 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 1.1 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 3,430 ft, 37 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 3,430 ft37 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 6.3 ft right0.0 ft left to 6.3 ft right -3.3 -5.8 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Average speed 58 kt37 kt min to max 73 kt 73 37 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.6 °0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.2 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 27 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 28 kt13 kt min to max 37 kt 37 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.2 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 55.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 15 kt0 kt min to max 71 kt 13 71 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 ktmax 19 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.8 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.9 0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 2 ft agl · 3 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 92 kt, on the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 95 kt 0.8 s later, the nose coming up at 5.4° a second. Climb 3 averaged 136 kt, 26 kt over its 110 kt target.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 110180 kt12060020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 914.8° off · 5.4°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0306090120150 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 11 kt 1.1° 0 s
Rotate1,621 ft · target 91 92 kt 0.4° 49.7 s
Liftoff1,743 ft · +3 kt from rotation 95 kt 4.8° 50.5 s
35 ft2,410 ft · 4.1 s after liftoff 103 kt 9.9° 54.7 s
Gear up2,915 ft · 76 ft · full marks to 400 ft 106 kt 10.2° 58.1 s
Climb 34,609 ft · 403 ft to 948 ft · target 110 136 kt avg 15.7° 69 s
End of Climb 327,229 ft · 948 ft 157 kt 13.8° 168 s

Takeoff from KPDX 10R

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
4,140ft38 %
Rotation speed100.00
92kttarget 91, 1 fast
Liftoff speed
95kt
Runway alignment100.00
6.1ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Gear up100.00
76ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed73.26
136kttarget 110
Rate of climb100.00
707fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 948 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 6,213 ft of runway left; gear up at 76 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 490 fpm on average to 948 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3136 kt avgtarget 110THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050607080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 92 kttarget 91Liftoff 95 ktGear up 76 ftfull marks to 400 ftSCALE CHANGES3.1 nm past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 10,985 ft runway.

Rolled from 2,361 ft in, never more than 5 ft off the centreline. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

2,0004,0006,0008,00010,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 5.0 ft LROLL 2,361 FT INAirborne 4,104 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 4,104 ft of 10,985 ft · 37 %
Behind the start of the roll, 2,361 ftTakeoff roll, 1,743 ft Left ahead, 6,881 ft

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.

Seven checks, one gate500 ft 42.863 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate1,390 fpm
On glideslope7.9°
On centreline2.3° off
On speed+12 kt
Wings level0° bank

At the 500 ft gate: gear still up, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3° and centreline more than 1° off.

When the approach was stable

Never every check met at once: high all the way, gear up until 0.3 nm, sinking too fast from 1.6 nm and right of the centreline from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to KPDX 28R

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 4 nm to the threshold (up to 2,080 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

1,0002,0003,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND3,4052,4161,761857454500 ft gate3 of 7gear downsink rateon glideslopeon centreline1,453 ft · 102 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,060 ft left of the centreline, then inside it from 1.0 to 0.2 nm, then 90 ft right of it from 0.2 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1056 ft L881 ft L559 ft L100 ft L28 ft L370 ft L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 45 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 27 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +51 kt on the approach speed of 90 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

80100120140 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 90+51 kt+10 kt+12 kt+12 kt+5 kt−1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on KPDX 28R

Over the threshold

Threshold height64.67
70ft
Threshold speed100.00
89kttarget 90, 1 slow
Centreline offset94.60
52.2ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold94.52
1,665ft
Centreline100.00
9.0ft R
Speed100.00
72kttarget 87 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-78fpm
Impact100.00
1.17G
BouncesOk
None
The flare96.00

The flare tracked the target profile closely. The flare was flown from 71 ft agl over the threshold, well above the target height, so the aircraft was above the profile for most of the landing. Touchdown was 1,665 ft past the threshold. The flare cannot recover height that was never lost - fly the approach down to the aim point and the flare has somewhere to start from.

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 140° at 3 kt · 3 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 931 ft30 kt · 1,872 fttouchdown1,947 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 70 ft, 20 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 41 ft. Touched down 1,665 ft in, 665 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

70 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 41 ft · −701 fpm · 0.3° · 86 ktdescent slowed at 2 ft · −104 fpm · 5.4°−77 fpm · 2.8° nose up · 72 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 70 ft, down at 1,665 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 700 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.5° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−77 fpm at touchdown2.8° at touchdown, +2.4° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 9,279 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 7 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 9 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,665 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,665 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 3,340 ft of 9,279 ft · 36 %
In the air over the runway, 1,665 ftRollout, 1,675 ft Left over, 5,939 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,675ft36 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
6.3ft R

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The aircraft departed from runway 10R at KPDX Portland International Airport. The take-off roll was 4,140 ft, which is 38 % of the runway length. Rotation occurred at 92 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 48 °F, wind 3 kt from 140°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 115 seconds, averaging 470 fpm and reaching 157 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 765 ft asl to 3,165 ft asl in 3 minutes while covering 6 nm, beginning about 1 mile east of Maywood Park.

Descent began from 3,187 ft asl to 2,000 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 4 nm, starting overhead Fairview. The final approach to runway 28R at KPDX descended from 2,152 ft agl to 94 ft agl in 90 seconds.

Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for landing flap, on speed, and wings level; they were not met for gear down, sink rate, on glideslope, and on centreline. The landing gear was lowered at 254 ft agl while the aircraft was 90 kt. The final flap position 2 was selected at 3,272 ft agl when the speed was 197 kt.

Landing on runway 28R (runway length 9,279 ft) occurred with a threshold height of 71 ft agl, which was well above target, and a threshold speed of 89 kt, described as good. The flare was excellent; the aircraft crossed the threshold high. Touchdown was 264 ft beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 72 kt, rated good, with a descent rate of minus 78 fpm, rated excellent. Runway-touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather at landing was temperature 47 °F, wind 3 kt from 110°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 3 kt tailwind. No bounce occurred.

The total landing distance was 3,430 ft, which is 37 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The overall flight covered 22 nm in 16 minutes and used 115 lb of fuel.

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