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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Reduce climb power to bring speed back to 110 kt and hold it there.
What happened: Climb speed was 26 kt fast at 136 kt during the climb.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 110 kt in the climb
Arrival
Steepen the descent on final to rejoin the glideslope, aiming to cross the threshold at 50 ft.
What happened: The approach drifted above the glideslope, carrying the aircraft across the threshold at 70 ft against the 50 ft target. Crossing the threshold high like this usually carries the touchdown point long.
Watch for: Watch radio altitude against 50 ft on short final to confirm the glidepath is recaptured before the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Rotated at 92 kt, on the 91 kt target, and lifted off at 95 kt 0.8 s later, the nose coming up at 5.4° a second. Climb 3 averaged 136 kt, 26 kt over its 110 kt target.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 948 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 6,213 ft of runway left; gear up at 76 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 490 fpm on average to 948 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 10,985 ft runway.
Rolled from 2,361 ft in, never more than 5 ft off the centreline. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out. These checks are the approach's score.
At the 500 ft gate: gear still up, sink rate more than 600 fpm beyond what the glideslope needed, glideslope more than 2° off the runway's 3° and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: high all the way, gear up until 0.3 nm, sinking too fast from 1.6 nm and right of the centreline from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
High from 4 nm to the threshold (up to 2,080 ft over).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 1,060 ft left of the centreline, then inside it from 1.0 to 0.2 nm, then 90 ft right of it from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 45 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 27 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −1 kt and +51 kt on the approach speed of 90 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare tracked the target profile closely. The flare was flown from 71 ft agl over the threshold, well above the target height, so the aircraft was above the profile for most of the landing. Touchdown was 1,665 ft past the threshold. The flare cannot recover height that was never lost - fly the approach down to the aim point and the flare has somewhere to start from.
Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.
Wind 140° at 3 kt · 3 kt tail · 1 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 74 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 20 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 70 ft, 20 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 41 ft. Touched down 1,665 ft in, 665 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 700 fpm at the flare to 80 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.5° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 9,279 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 7 ft right of the centreline, and stayed within 9 ft of it down the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 1,665 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The aircraft departed from runway 10R at KPDX Portland International Airport. The take-off roll was 4,140 ft, which is 38 % of the runway length. Rotation occurred at 92 kt. Local weather at departure was temperature 48 °F, wind 3 kt from 140°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind.
Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 115 seconds, averaging 470 fpm and reaching 157 kt at the top of the climb. The climb continued from 765 ft asl to 3,165 ft asl in 3 minutes while covering 6 nm, beginning about 1 mile east of Maywood Park.
Descent began from 3,187 ft asl to 2,000 ft asl in 2 minutes, covering 4 nm, starting overhead Fairview. The final approach to runway 28R at KPDX descended from 2,152 ft agl to 94 ft agl in 90 seconds.
Stabilisation checks at 500 ft above the runway were met for landing flap, on speed, and wings level; they were not met for gear down, sink rate, on glideslope, and on centreline. The landing gear was lowered at 254 ft agl while the aircraft was 90 kt. The final flap position 2 was selected at 3,272 ft agl when the speed was 197 kt.
Landing on runway 28R (runway length 9,279 ft) occurred with a threshold height of 71 ft agl, which was well above target, and a threshold speed of 89 kt, described as good. The flare was excellent; the aircraft crossed the threshold high. Touchdown was 264 ft beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 72 kt, rated good, with a descent rate of minus 78 fpm, rated excellent. Runway-touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather at landing was temperature 47 °F, wind 3 kt from 110°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 3 kt tailwind. No bounce occurred.
The total landing distance was 3,430 ft, which is 37 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was perfect. After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm. The overall flight covered 22 nm in 16 minutes and used 115 lb of fuel.
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