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FZAA
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Runway 24
Elevation997 ft asl
Weight1,117 kg
Fuel54 kg
Wind238° · 3 kn

Flight Score

86.79 %
FCBB
Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Runway 23L
Elevation1,037 ft asl
Weight1,114 kg
Fuel51 kg
16 Jun 2023 0:13 15 nm IRIS Grob G115E - G-BYVB 2 kg
Departure Score
96.90 %
Enroute Score
86.23 %
Arrival Score
72.95 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 43 % of the runway used
Airborne in 1,287 m — 39 % of the runway
Held the centreline on the roll — 4.22 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Enroute Climb — speed limits at 0 %, −4.46 points
Arrival Landing — at 0 %, Landing and flare profile at 0 %, −3.56 points
Arrival Final 1 — bank angle up to 22.4 ° at 46 %, Approach angle 13.1 ° at 47 %, −2.17 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,098 m at 0 %, Runway alignment max 16.65 m at 48 %, −1.99 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 14 stages, 12 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 8 kn0 kn min to max 19 kn 0 19 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 knmax 16 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.8 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.2 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 6 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3 ft agl · 7 kt
Departure Roll 98.14Departure roll runway 24 at FZAA N'djili Intl. Takeoff distance 1,012 m 31 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 48 kn. Local weather - Temperature 27 °C. Wind 3 kn at 237 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,012 m31 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 48 knTarget 60 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 8.30 m4.09 m left to 4.22 m right 4.09 -4.22 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.07 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.6 ° min to max 5.6 ° 2.0 5.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Departure Climb 1 99.19Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 24 FZAA N'djili Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 51 kn48 kn min to max 53 kn 48 50 kn
97 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.92 g min to max 1.25 g 1.10 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 393 ft/m273 ft/m min to max 694 ft/m 273 694 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °6.0 ° min to max 13.5 ° 6.0 11.8 °
Departure Climb 2 90.27Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 24 FZAA N'djili Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 47 kn44 kn min to max 50 kn 50 44 kn
61 % Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 16.8 ° 0.1 16.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.90 g min to max 1.02 g 0.91 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 676 ft/m417 ft/m min to max 724 ft/m 697 417 ft/m
Info Average altitude 88 ft agl54 ft agl min to max 176 ft agl 54 176 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.6 °11.9 ° min to max 13.9 ° 12.0 13.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 84 ft agl · 58 kt
Enroute Climb 59.83Enroute climb started overhead FZAA N'djili Intl Kinshasa (Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Climbing from 1,190 ft asl to 3,794 ft asl, an increase of 2,604 ft in 4 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 71 kn38 kn min to max 94 kn 43 88 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.6 °0.1 ° min to max 30.2 ° 13.0 1.1 °
98 % Average g force 1.01 g0.76 g min to max 1.28 g 1.01 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 662 ft/m-153 ft/m min to max 1,603 ft/m 512 448 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,216 ft asl1,190 ft asl min to max 3,794 ft asl 1,190 3,794 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.4 °1.2 ° min to max 16.0 ° 14.5 4.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 220 ft agl · 52 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 229 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 248 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 255 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 276 ft agl · 52 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles east of Kinshasa (Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,852 ft asl3,768 ft asl min to max 3,918 ft asl 3,768 3,856 ft asl
100 % Average speed 100 kn94 kn min to max 104 kn 103 102 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.1 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 0.0 3.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.81 g min to max 1.06 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.9 °-0.4 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.5 -0.4 °
Enroute Descent 98.86Enroute descent started 1 mile north of Kinshasa (Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Descent from 3,782 ft asl to 2,731 ft asl, a decrease of 1,050 ft in 2 minutes and covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 110 kn94 kn min to max 122 kn 108 99 kn
100 % Average bank angle 5.0 °0.4 ° min to max 12.2 ° 3.3 1.1 °
89 % Average g force 0.99 g0.55 g min to max 1.21 g 1.03 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -713 ft/m-1,182 ft/m min to max -112 ft/m -675 -780 ft/m
Info Average altitude 3,126 ft asl2,731 ft asl min to max 3,782 ft asl 3,782 2,731 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-5.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° -1.9 -2.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival 98.72Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started 1 mile north of Kinshasa (Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 94 kn86 kn min to max 113 kn 90 113 kn
98 % Average bank angle 11.1 °0.5 ° min to max 32.3 ° 2.9 22.9 °
97 % Average g force 1.02 g0.83 g min to max 1.30 g 1.08 1.30 g
Info Average VSI -823 ft/m-2,252 ft/m min to max -146 ft/m -690 -2,134 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,481 ft asl1,904 ft asl min to max 2,721 ft asl 2,721 1,904 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.3 °-10.5 ° min to max 1.1 ° -2.0 -7.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 984 ft agl · 120 kt
Arrival Final 1 67.50Approaching runway 23L at FCBB Maya-Maya from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 837 ft agl to 278 ft agl. A decrease of 559 ft in 13 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
47 % Approach angle 13.1 °12.7 ° min to max 13.9 °Target 3.0 ° 12.7 13.9 °
100 % Average speed 116 kn112 kn min to max 123 kn 112 121 kn
49 % Heading variation -1.4 °-1.6 ° min to max -0.9 ° -1.6 -0.9 °
46 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.5 ° min to max 22.4 ° 22.4 0.5 °
91 % Average g force 0.99 g0.60 g min to max 1.35 g 1.09 1.11 g
Info Average VSI -2,519 ft/m-3,122 ft/m min to max -1,894 ft/m -1,894 -2,205 ft/m
Info Average altitude 566 ft agl278 ft agl min to max 837 ft agl 837 278 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -11.7 °-15.7 ° min to max -7.2 ° -7.2 -8.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 46.65Landing on runway 23L at FCBB Maya-Maya, runway length 3,294 m. Threshold height at 237 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 120 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was excessively high at 120 kn. Target 80 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
78 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.8 -0.4 °
88 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 2.7 1.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.75 g min to max 1.24 g 0.99 0.96 g
Info Average speed 77 kn57 kn min to max 120 kn 120 57 kn
Info Average VSI -414 ft/m-2,060 ft/m min to max -125 ft/m -2,060 -224 ft/m
Info Average altitude 39 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 237 ft agl 237 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-7.8 ° min to max 2.8 ° -7.8 0.7 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 186 ft agl · 123 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 160 ft agl · 122 kt
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,35004795142189237Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,2001,2751,350-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 70.08Touchdown point was 703 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 57 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was fair at -224 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 16.6 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 28 °C. Wind 4 kn at 155 °. Crosswind: 4 kn Headwind: 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Touchdown VSI was -224 ft/m.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,098 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 57 knTarget 55 kn
48 % Runway alignment max 16.65 m15.61 m right -16.65 -14.15 m
57 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.9 0.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.10 g0.80 g min to max 1.38 g 0.96 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kn53 kn min to max 57 kn 57 53 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.4 ° min to max 4.5 ° 0.7 3.1 °
Arrival Rollout 80.53Total landing distance 1,482 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.1 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,482 m45 % of runway.
57 % Runway alignment max 14.99 m0.94 m left to 14.05 m right -14.05 -1.84 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.01 g
Info Average speed 56 kn34 kn min to max 61 kn 61 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °1.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.3 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.3 0.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 3 ft agl · 58 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 13 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 23 kn19 kn min to max 28 kn 28 19 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.9 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.1 1.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 0.99 g
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kn4 kn min to max 17 kn 17 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 knmax 13 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.8 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.1 0.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 20 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 48 kt with 6.0° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

60 kt4020020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.0° off13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0102030 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 12 kt 2.0° 0 s
Liftoff225 m 48 kt 6.0° 10.5 s
35 ft396 m · 5.7 s after liftoff 51 kt 13.5° 16.2 s
End of the climb768 m · 167 ft 44 kt 13.9° 30.9 s

Takeoff from FZAA 24

Takeoff roll100.00
1,287m39 %
Liftoff speed100.00
48kt
Runway alignment90.71
4.22m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb99.19
393fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 167 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,835 m of runway left; then climbing at 490 fpm on average to 167 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 48 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 3,295 m runway.

Rolled from 1,064 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 4.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 4.4 m right. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 4.24 m RROLL 1,064 M INAirborne 1,289 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,289 m of 3,295 m · 39 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,064 mTakeoff roll, 225 m Left ahead, 2,006 m

The approach to FCBB 23L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

High from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold (up to 910 ft over).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND893
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 0.8 nm, where the final began, to 0.6 nm, then 114 m right of it from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND86 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on FCBB 23L

Over the threshold

Threshold height0.00
236ft
Threshold speed100.00
119kt
Centreline offset78.21
0.25m R

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
1,130m
Centreline47.78
16.65m R
Speed100.00
56kt
Touchdown rate81.74
-228fpm
Impact92.57
1.38G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, wings level.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 65 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 16 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 86 m30 kt · 400 mtouchdown416 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,574 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 236 ft, 186 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,130 m in, 826 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,574 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

236 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −223 fpm · 0.7° nose up · 57 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 236 ft, down at 1,130 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 830 fpm at 111 ft to 220 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.0° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−5°2°10°touchdown−223 fpm at touchdown0.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,574 m of the 3,294 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 14 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 2 m right by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 1,130 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,130 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,452 m of 3,294 m · 44 %
In the air over the runway, 1,130 mRollout, 322 m Left over, 1,842 m
Rollout distance100.00
322m43 % used
Rollout alignment56.74
14.05m R

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