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LIKO
Italy
Runway 21
Elevation105 ft asl
Weight987 kg
Fuel68 kg
Wind168° · 8 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

97.88 %
LIPK
Forlì (FC), Italy
Runway 30
Elevation92 ft asl
Weight971 kg
Fuel51 kg
Wind84° · 8 kn · 5 kn cross
28 Aug 2025 0:41 67 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 17 kg
Departure Score
99.00 %
Enroute Score
99.94 %
Arrival Score
94.71 %

What went well

Touched down at -150 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 51 ft and 79 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.97 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Flare profile at 0 %, −1.23 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 648 m at 79 %, −0.16 points
Departure Roll — Liftoff speed was 70 kt at 91 %, −0.15 points

Next time

Departure

Rotate sooner, bringing the nose up at 60 kt rather than letting speed build further.

What happened: You lifted off at 70 kt against a rotation target of 60 kt, rotating late in the ground roll.

Watch for: Watch airspeed and rotate at the target of 60 kt.

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Fly the flare as one continuous check of the sink rate from 14 ft, holding back pressure steadily rather than adjusting pitch piecemeal.

What happened: The flare drifted away from its intended profile rather than tracking it smoothly from 14 ft down to touchdown.

Watch for: Watch radio altitude and VSI through the flare, aiming to arrest the sink smoothly from 14 ft to touchdown.

See Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 21 stages, 19 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni, Average speed was 34 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 30 kt0 kt min to max 40 kt 0 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °0.8 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.2 1.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 98.18Departure roll runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni. Takeoff distance 237 m 35 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kt. Local weather - Temperature 32 °C. Wind 8 kt at 168 °. Crosswind: 5 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 237 m35 % of runway
91 % Liftoff speed was 70 ktTarget 60 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.37 m left2.37 m left to 1.48 m right 0.37 0.28 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.18 g 1.00 1.18 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.5 ° min to max 7.7 ° 1.4 7.7 °
Info Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 4.4 ° 0.2 1.1 °
Departure Climb 1 98.95Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° -0.0 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 69 kt67 kt min to max 70 kt 70 67 kt
96 % Average bank angle 2.9 °1.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° 1.4 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.24 g0.88 g min to max 1.48 g 1.22 0.88 g
Info Average VSI 1,001 fpm568 fpm min to max 1,247 fpm 568 1,247 fpm
Info Average altitude 22 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 0 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 14.1 °8.3 ° min to max 16.2 ° 8.3 14.1 °
Departure Climb 2 99.15Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Heading variation 1.4 °0.8 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.8 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 68 kt66 kt min to max 74 kt 67 73 kt
98 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 1.7 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.91 g0.76 g min to max 1.18 g 0.88 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,040 fpm404 fpm min to max 1,395 fpm 1,251 719 fpm
Info Average altitude 140 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 400 ft agl 52 400 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.3 °8.6 ° min to max 15.9 ° 14.1 9.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 142 ft agl · 71 kt
Departure Climb 3 99.71Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 21 LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.6 °0.9 ° min to max 2.1 ° 2.1 0.9 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt73 kt min to max 88 kt 74 81 kt
99 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.86 g min to max 1.13 g 0.97 0.89 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,045 fpm621 fpm min to max 1,734 fpm 726 1,628 fpm
Info Average altitude 693 ft agl412 ft agl min to max 1,036 ft agl 412 1,036 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.4 °7.9 ° min to max 13.3 ° 8.4 13.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 431 ft agl · 76 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Climbing from 1,170 ft asl to 10,472 ft asl, an increase of 9,303 ft in 12 minutes and covering 19 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 84 kt73 kt min to max 101 kt 80 101 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.7 °0.0 ° min to max 23.1 ° 1.4 17.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.15 g 0.94 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 858 fpm5 fpm min to max 1,502 fpm 1,497 5 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,426 ft asl1,170 ft asl min to max 10,473 ft asl 1,170 10,472 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 8.8 °2.1 ° min to max 13.5 ° 13.5 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 2,627 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,627 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 2,627 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,715 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,731 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,731 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,746 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,746 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,777 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,777 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,825 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 2,825 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,844 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 2,864 ft agl · 94 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4,338 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 4,338 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 4,352 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 4,377 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 4,531 ft agl · 92 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 4,543 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 10,372 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 10,372 ft agl · 103 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile east of LIVO Campo di Volo Ali Filanti Voltana (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 11 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±1,024 ft of 10,461 ft asl10,431 ft asl min to max 10,474 ft asl 10,471 10,473 ft asl
100 % Average speed 106 kt100 kt min to max 110 kt 102 110 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.7 °0.0 ° min to max 24.8 ° 22.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.73 g min to max 1.23 g 1.06 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.5 ° min to max 8.1 ° 2.4 1.9 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile east of Bagnacavallo (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 10,474 ft asl to 4,285 ft asl, a decrease of 6,189 ft in 8 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 123 kt110 kt min to max 127 kt 110 116 kt
100 % Average bank angle 16.9 °0.0 ° min to max 25.2 ° 0.2 24.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.94 g min to max 1.17 g 0.99 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -735 fpm-1,036 fpm min to max 69 fpm 17 -6 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,084 ft asl4,285 ft asl min to max 10,475 ft asl 10,474 4,285 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-2.7 ° min to max 2.5 ° 1.6 2.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 10,431 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 10,431 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 4,332 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 4,332 ft agl · 136 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south west of Forli (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±714 ft of 4,293 ft asl4,284 ft asl min to max 4,304 ft asl 4,285 4,304 ft asl
100 % Average speed 114 kt112 kt min to max 116 kt 116 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.3 °0.4 ° min to max 24.5 ° 24.5 0.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °0.6 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.1 0.8 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead LIPK Forlì Airport Forlì (FC) (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 4,299 ft asl to 3,636 ft asl, a decrease of 663 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 117 kt113 kt min to max 122 kt 115 122 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.5 °0.1 ° min to max 1.3 ° 1.3 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -413 fpm-722 fpm min to max -18 fpm -112 -722 fpm
Info Average altitude 4,093 ft asl3,636 ft asl min to max 4,301 ft asl 4,299 3,636 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-2.2 ° min to max 1.5 ° 1.5 -2.2 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,196 ft agl · 124 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 4,196 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of LIUE Campo di Volo Settecrociari Panighina (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±676 ft of 3,276 ft asl3,247 ft asl min to max 3,521 ft asl 3,521 3,249 ft asl
100 % Average speed 113 kt103 kt min to max 124 kt 123 110 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.5 °0.0 ° min to max 24.6 ° 0.6 24.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.92 g min to max 1.17 g 0.98 1.02 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-2.2 ° min to max 3.3 ° -2.2 3.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,257 ft agl · 132 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 3,257 ft agl · 132 kt
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Gambettola (Emilia-Romagna, Italy). Descent from 3,248 ft asl to 2,701 ft asl, a decrease of 548 ft in 2 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 99 kt90 kt min to max 109 kt 109 107 kt
100 % Average bank angle 13.4 °2.1 ° min to max 26.0 ° 24.6 2.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.72 g min to max 1.19 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -265 fpm-1,608 fpm min to max 442 fpm -6 -607 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,206 ft asl2,701 ft asl min to max 3,326 ft asl 3,248 2,701 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °-6.8 ° min to max 6.9 ° 3.2 -2.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 3,154 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,154 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,154 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3,160 ft agl · 99 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 3,170 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 3,160 ft agl · 103 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,600 ft agl · 116 kt
Enroute Level 4 99.49Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Cesena (Emilia-Romagna, Italy) and lasted 3 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Altitude held within ±629 ft of 1,879 ft asl1,296 ft asl min to max 2,582 ft asl 2,582 1,296 ft asl
100 % Average speed 92 kt82 kt min to max 98 kt 98 90 kt
100 % Average bank angle 3.8 °0.0 ° min to max 17.8 ° 2.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.70 g min to max 1.27 g 1.11 0.97 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -2.3 °-6.9 ° min to max 5.4 ° -1.0 -1.1 °

Events

Info Engine 2 Stopped 2,177 ft agl · 87 kt
Arrival Final 4 98.08Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,196 ft agl to 927 ft agl. A decrease of 269 ft in 37 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.8 ° min to max 2.9 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 2.9 °
100 % Average speed 83 kt78 kt min to max 89 kt 89 81 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.3 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.2 ° min to max 6.6 ° 2.8 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -430 fpm-684 fpm min to max 5 fpm -493 -19 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,047 ft agl926 ft agl min to max 1,196 ft agl 1,196 927 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-3.2 ° min to max 2.9 ° -1.4 1.9 °
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 97.81Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 926 ft agl to 685 ft agl. A decrease of 240 ft in 39 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.9 ° min to max 3.3 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.2 °
100 % Average speed 81 kt77 kt min to max 86 kt 80 86 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
89 % Average bank angle 3.0 °0.5 ° min to max 7.1 ° 3.1 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -355 fpm-793 fpm min to max -42 fpm -42 -614 fpm
Info Average altitude 834 ft agl685 ft agl min to max 926 ft agl 926 685 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-3.6 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 -1.5 °
22.252.52.7536006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 98.02Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 677 ft agl to 325 ft agl. A decrease of 353 ft in 34 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.9 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt77 kt min to max 90 kt 86 77 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
90 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 6.7 ° 2.8 2.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.58 g min to max 1.16 g 0.98 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -589 fpm-1,256 fpm min to max -128 fpm -526 -128 fpm
Info Average altitude 502 ft agl325 ft agl min to max 677 ft agl 677 325 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -1.2 °-5.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° -2.3 2.8 °
11.251.51.752250300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-70-53-35-18018355370Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 98.21Approaching runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 323 ft agl to 54 ft agl. A decrease of 269 ft in 32 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.1 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 3.1 3.3 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt75 kt min to max 84 kt 76 79 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.3 0.1 °
91 % Average bank angle 3.1 °0.0 ° min to max 6.5 ° 3.2 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.20 g 1.01 1.18 g
Info Average VSI -556 fpm-685 fpm min to max -88 fpm -88 -490 fpm
Info Average altitude 118 ft agl54 ft agl min to max 323 ft agl 323 54 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-2.6 ° min to max 2.7 ° 2.7 1.6 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 74.20Landing on runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport, runway length 2,403 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was well above target at 79 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was well above target at 79 kt. Target 70 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
0 % Very poor landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 0.03 m left0.03 m left to 0.01 m left 0.03 0.02 m
92 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.4 ° 1.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.17 g 1.17 0.99 g
Info Average speed 69 kt57 kt min to max 79 kt 79 57 kt
Info Average VSI -218 fpm-476 fpm min to max -43 fpm -476 -119 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 52 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.8 ° min to max 5.6 ° 1.6 5.5 °
07515022530037545052560067575001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.69Touchdown point was 211 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 57 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -119 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 29 °C. Wind 8 kt at 84 °. Crosswind: 4 kt Tailwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown rate was -119 fpm.
79 % Touchdown distance was 648 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 57 ktTarget below 69 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.55 m left2.30 m left 2.55 1.97 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.3 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.99 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.06 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 57 kt57 kt min to max 57 kt 57 57 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °4.8 ° min to max 5.5 ° 5.5 4.8 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 781 m, 33 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 781 m33 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 1.87 m left1.87 m left to 0.90 m right 1.87 -0.63 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 59 kt40 kt min to max 65 kt 65 40 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °0.7 ° min to max 4.7 ° 4.7 1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 15 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kt9 kt min to max 32 kt 32 9 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °1.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.01 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 70 kt with 7.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.2° off15° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 43 kt 1.4° 0 s
Liftoff235 m · target 60 70 kt 7.2° 8.4 s
35 ft302 m · 2.0 s after liftoff 68 kt 15.1° 10.3 s
End of Climb 32,616 m · 1,036 ft 81 kt 13.3° 73 s

Takeoff from LIKO 21

Takeoff roll100.00
395m58 %
Liftoff speed90.91
70kttarget 60, 10 fast
Runway alignment100.00
2.37m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb98.95
1,001fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,036 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.

Reached 35 ft with 218 m of runway left; then climbing at 970 fpm on average to 1,036 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 70 ktSCALE CHANGES2.1 km past the runway
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.

Rolled from 158 m in, drifted 2.4 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off, in 5 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 57 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

100200300400500600THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS5 kn75 %widest 2.37 m LROLL 158 M INAirborne 393 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 393 m of 678 m · 58 %
Behind the start of the roll, 158 mTakeoff roll, 235 m Left ahead, 285 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIPK 30

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 80 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,2597583672301,000 ft gate7 of 7981 ft · 79 kt500 ft gate7 of 7621 ft · 89 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 6× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 65 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR162 m L0162 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND26 m R40 m R22 m R15 m R29 m R26 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 37 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 22 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +2 kt and +22 kt on the approach speed of 73 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 73+22 kt+7 kt+6 kt+6 kt+6 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIPK 30

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
51ft
Threshold speed100.00
79kttarget 73, 6 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m L

Touchdown

Past threshold79.16
648m
Centreline100.00
2.55m L
Speed100.00
57kttarget 71 or less
Touchdown rate99.27
-150fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
BouncesOk
None
The flare0.00

Very poor landing flare

The crosswind

4 kt across from the right, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 57 kt. Touched down with 2° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 084° at 8 kt · 7 kt tail · 4 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 66 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.29 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 68 m30 kt · 168 mtouchdown175 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 648 m in, 343 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

51 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −150 fpm · 5.5° nose up · 57 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 51 ft, down at 648 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 260 fpm at 52 ft to 150 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−150 fpm at touchdown5.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,403 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 2 m left of the centreline, and stayed within 2.6 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 4 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 648 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 648 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 761 m of 2,403 m · 32 %
In the air over the runway, 648 mRollout, 114 m Left over, 1,641 m
Rollout distance100.00
114m32 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.87m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

A Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft took to the skies from runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport, with a takeoff distance of 237 meters, which was 35% of the available runway length. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 70 knots.

As the flight progressed, the aircraft began its enroute climb over 1 mile southwest of the departure airport. The climb took place from an altitude of 1,170 feet above sea level to a maximum altitude of 10,472 feet above sea level, an increase of 9,303 feet in a mere 12 minutes, while covering a distance of 19 nautical miles.

During this time, the aircraft cruised at a level altitude on multiple occasions. The first level cruise took place 1 mile east of LIVO Campo di Volo Ali Filanti Voltana, lasting 5 minutes and covering 11 nautical miles. The other level cruises occurred 1 mile south west of Forli, lasting 2 minutes and covering 3 nautical miles; 1 mile north of LIUE Campo di Volo Settecrociari Panighina, lasting 3 minutes and covering 7 nautical miles; and 1 mile south east of Cesena, lasting 3 minutes and covering 5 nautical miles.

As the flight progressed towards its destination, the aircraft began its descent in multiple stages. The first descent took place 1 mile east of Bagnacavallo, where the aircraft lost 6,189 feet in 8 minutes while covering 12 nautical miles, descending from 10,474 feet to 4,285 feet above sea level. The descent was followed by a 2-minute descent over Forli Airport, where the aircraft lost 663 feet in 2 minutes while covering 4 nautical miles, descending from 4,299 feet to 3,636 feet above sea level.

Subsequent level cruises took place 1 mile south west of Forli and 1 mile north of LIUE Campo di Volo Settecrociari Panighina. The final descent took place over Gambettola, where the aircraft lost 548 feet in 2 minutes while covering 2 nautical miles, descending from 3,248 feet to 2,701 feet above sea level.

After the final descent, the aircraft began its final approach to runway 30 at LIPK Forlì Airport from the south east, aligning itself with the runway at a distance of 4 nautical miles and 1,196 feet above ground level.

Upon landing, the aircraft touched down on the runway 210 meters beyond the touchdown zone, with a speed of 57 knots. The touch down rate was smooth at -119 feet per minute, and the runway touchdown alignment was very good. The total landing distance was 781 meters, which was 33% of the available runway length.

After a total flight distance of 67 nautical miles and a flight time of 41 minutes, the aircraft used 17 kilograms of fuel.

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