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KMSO
Missoula, United States
Runway 12
Elevation0 ft asl
Fuel147,870 lbs
WindCalm

Flight Score

89.78 %
KSEA
Seattle, United States
Runway 16L
Elevation430 ft asl
Weight140,536 lbs
Fuel140,317 lbs
WindCalm
21 Jan 2024 1:31 364 nm A20N 7,553 lbs
Departure Score
93.16 %
Enroute Score
99.88 %
Arrival Score
70.39 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 33 % of the runway used

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, g force 0.77 to 2.58 g at 24 %, −3.92 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown VSI was -1,334 ft/m at 0 %, g force 0.82 to 4.48 g at 0 %, −3.32 points
Arrival Final 1 — Heading variation -1.8 ° at 9 %, Approach angle 1.8 ° at 65 %, −2.10 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 24 stages, 22 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 10 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 7 kn0 kn min to max 9 kn 0 8 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 7 knmax 7 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.5 ° -0.2 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.1 0.8 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Info Taxi Lights On
Info Parking Brake Off
Info Flaps Position 1  · 13 kt
Info Strobe Lights On
Info Landing Lights On
Info Parking Brake On
Info Parking Brake Off
Info Parking Brake On
Info Parking Brake Off
Departure Roll 76.83Departure roll runway 12 at KMSO Missoula Intl. Takeoff distance 7,017 ft 74 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 154 kn. Local weather - Temperature 38 °F. Wind 0 kn at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 7,017 ft74 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 154 knTarget 154 kn
24 % Runway alignment max 94.2 ft77.6 ft left to 16.6 ft right -14.8 53.5 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.75 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.19 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-9.6 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 -9.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.8 2.6 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 98.12Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 12 KMSO Missoula Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 155 kn154 kn min to max 156 kn 154 156 kn
95 % Average bank angle 2.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.1 0.3 °
94 % Average g force 1.30 g1.22 g min to max 1.36 g 1.22 1.36 g
Info Average VSI 822 ft/m434 ft/m min to max 1,242 ft/m 434 1,242 ft/m
Info Average altitude 7 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 22 ft agl 0 22 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -14.1 °-18.0 ° min to max -10.1 ° -10.1 -18.0 °
Departure Climb 2 96.66Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 12 KMSO Missoula Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.3 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 157 kn156 kn min to max 159 kn 156 158 kn
89 % Average bank angle 3.3 °0.4 ° min to max 6.1 ° 0.4 5.4 °
94 % Average g force 1.16 g0.91 g min to max 1.36 g 1.36 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 2,193 ft/m1,278 ft/m min to max 3,015 ft/m 1,278 2,772 ft/m
Info Average altitude 113 ft agl24 ft agl min to max 386 ft agl 24 386 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -17.9 °-19.1 ° min to max -15.4 ° -18.2 -15.4 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Off 410 ft agl · 166 kt
Departure Climb 3 94.17Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 12 KMSO Missoula Intl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 1.0 °0.3 ° min to max 2.1 ° 0.3 2.1 °
100 % Average speed 157 kn157 kn min to max 158 kn 158 157 kn
71 % Average bank angle 6.4 °5.0 ° min to max 13.1 ° 5.2 13.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.93 g0.90 g min to max 0.96 g 0.95 0.93 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,470 ft/m2,085 ft/m min to max 2,700 ft/m 2,700 2,085 ft/m
Info Average altitude 722 ft agl434 ft agl min to max 986 ft agl 434 986 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -16.2 °-17.5 ° min to max -15.4 ° -15.4 -17.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 601 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 691 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 737 ft agl · 166 kt
Enroute Climb 99.49Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of KMSO Missoula Intl Missoula (Montana, United States). Climbing from 4,207 ft asl to 37,994 ft asl, an increase of 33,787 ft in 19 minutes and covering 55 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 261 kn158 kn min to max 290 kn 158 238 kn
100 % Average bank angle 17.9 °0.0 ° min to max 31.2 ° 15.5 0.2 °
95 % Average g force 1.05 g0.76 g min to max 1.34 g 0.94 0.97 g
Info Average VSI 1,857 ft/m47 ft/m min to max 3,566 ft/m 2,025 47 ft/m
Info Average altitude 21,603 ft asl4,207 ft asl min to max 37,994 ft asl 4,207 37,994 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.0 °-16.8 ° min to max -2.9 ° -16.8 -2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights Off 6,577 ft agl · 285 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 5 miles south of Gold Creek (Idaho, United States) and lasted 18 minutes, covering 89 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 38,007 ft asl37,991 ft asl min to max 38,010 ft asl 37,991 38,007 ft asl
100 % Average speed 238 kn237 kn min to max 239 kn 238 239 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.2 °0.0 ° min to max 13.7 ° 0.2 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 0.99 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -3.1 °-3.3 ° min to max -3.0 ° -3.2 -3.0 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 1 mile south west of 04WA Ox Meadows Spokane (Washington, United States). Descent from 38,006 ft asl to 3,226 ft asl, a decrease of 34,780 ft in 33 minutes and covering 191 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 241 kn157 kn min to max 276 kn 238 157 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 27.6 ° 0.0 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.80 g min to max 1.19 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -1,087 ft/m-2,113 ft/m min to max 13 ft/m 13 -624 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17,410 ft asl3,226 ft asl min to max 38,006 ft asl 38,006 3,226 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.0 °-4.4 ° min to max 5.1 ° -3.1 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Lights On 10,931 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Landing Lights Off 10,478 ft agl · 295 kt
Info Landing Lights On 9,874 ft agl · 293 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 7,766 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 5,572 ft agl · 213 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 4,959 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 5,014 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 4,776 ft agl · 185 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Newport (Washington, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,153 ft asl3,095 ft asl min to max 3,198 ft asl 3,190 3,095 ft asl
100 % Average speed 139 kn133 kn min to max 157 kn 157 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -4.9 °-6.6 ° min to max -1.2 ° -1.6 -5.3 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of Medina (Washington, United States). Descent from 3,059 ft asl to 2,836 ft asl, a decrease of 222 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kn132 kn min to max 133 kn 133 132 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.7 °8.1 ° min to max 26.6 ° 8.1 26.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.99 g min to max 1.07 g 0.99 1.07 g
Info Average VSI -422 ft/m-560 ft/m min to max -334 ft/m -344 -560 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,945 ft asl2,836 ft asl min to max 3,059 ft asl 3,059 2,836 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -5.4 °-6.0 ° min to max -4.6 ° -4.8 -4.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 2,969 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Taxi Lights On 2,888 ft agl · 138 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south east of Seattle (Washington, United States) and lasted 1 minutes, covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,028 ft asl2,840 ft asl min to max 3,143 ft asl 2,896 2,840 ft asl
100 % Average speed 133 kn131 kn min to max 134 kn 132 134 kn
100 % Average bank angle 12.0 °1.3 ° min to max 26.9 ° 26.9 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.09 0.96 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -5.1 °-7.0 ° min to max -1.1 ° -5.2 -1.1 °
Enroute Descent 3 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Seattle (Washington, United States). Descent from 2,636 ft asl to 2,022 ft asl, a decrease of 614 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 133 kn133 kn min to max 133 kn 133 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -912 ft/m-1,028 ft/m min to max -870 ft/m -1,028 -878 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,328 ft asl2,022 ft asl min to max 2,636 ft asl 2,636 2,022 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.2 °-3.6 ° min to max -3.0 ° -3.1 -3.6 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead KBFI Boeing Field King County Intl Seattle (Washington, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,905 ft asl1,877 ft asl min to max 1,950 ft asl 1,950 1,877 ft asl
100 % Average speed 133 kn132 kn min to max 135 kn 132 135 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.04 g 1.03 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -6.3 °-7.0 ° min to max -5.3 ° -5.7 -5.3 °
Enroute Descent 4 98.91Enroute descent started overhead Riverton (Washington, United States). Descent from 1,878 ft asl to 827 ft asl, a decrease of 1,051 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 167 kn137 kn min to max 196 kn 137 196 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.8 °1.4 ° min to max 6.2 ° 1.4 4.5 °
89 % Average g force 1.03 g0.72 g min to max 1.44 g 0.83 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -1,969 ft/m-4,444 ft/m min to max 684 ft/m 39 684 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,258 ft asl786 ft asl min to max 1,878 ft asl 1,878 827 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °-2.0 ° min to max 15.1 ° -2.0 1.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead SeaTac (Washington, United States). Climbing from 840 ft asl to 1,565 ft asl, an increase of 725 ft in 1 minutes and covering 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 151 kn131 kn min to max 198 kn 198 131 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.6 °0.9 ° min to max 25.8 ° 0.9 24.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.12 g 0.91 1.11 g
Info Average VSI 654 ft/m-496 ft/m min to max 2,007 ft/m 722 -182 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,153 ft asl802 ft asl min to max 1,594 ft asl 840 1,565 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -6.4 °-15.7 ° min to max 4.3 ° 2.4 -7.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 5 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Des Moines (Washington, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 3 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,570 ft asl1,555 ft asl min to max 1,591 ft asl 1,562 1,590 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kn131 kn min to max 133 kn 131 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 15.5 °0.3 ° min to max 25.4 ° 24.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.11 g 1.11 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -7.4 °-8.4 ° min to max -6.2 ° -8.1 -6.4 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of Burien (Washington, United States). Climbing from 1,590 ft asl to 1,815 ft asl, an increase of 225 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 135 kn132 kn min to max 141 kn 133 140 kn
100 % Average bank angle 23.7 °2.1 ° min to max 31.1 ° 2.1 23.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.10 g0.89 g min to max 1.23 g 0.99 0.89 g
Info Average VSI 437 ft/m-228 ft/m min to max 1,798 ft/m 1 1,169 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,616 ft asl1,561 ft asl min to max 1,815 ft asl 1,590 1,815 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -8.7 °-13.7 ° min to max -6.3 ° -6.4 -6.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 6 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Burien (Washington, United States) and lasted 5 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,897 ft asl1,770 ft asl min to max 1,932 ft asl 1,832 1,770 ft asl
100 % Average speed 132 kn129 kn min to max 139 kn 139 131 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.5 °0.0 ° min to max 31.7 ° 22.9 25.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.92 g min to max 1.19 g 0.92 1.11 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -7.2 °-9.8 ° min to max -4.4 ° -5.7 -6.8 °
Arrival 100.00Not counted in the flight scoreArrival started overhead Burien (Washington, United States).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 132 kn130 kn min to max 133 kn 131 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.6 °0.0 ° min to max 25.9 ° 25.9 2.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.97 g min to max 1.13 g 1.12 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -639 ft/m-879 ft/m min to max -70 ft/m -382 -680 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,275 ft asl728 ft asl min to max 1,763 ft asl 1,763 728 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.2 °-8.3 ° min to max -3.1 ° -7.3 -3.7 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 1 74.85Approaching runway 16L at KSEA Seattle Tacoma Intl from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 285 ft agl to 47 ft agl. A decrease of 238 ft in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Approach angle 1.8 °1.2 ° min to max 2.6 °Target 3.0 ° 2.6 1.2 °
100 % Average speed 135 kn133 kn min to max 136 kn 133 135 kn
9 % Heading variation -1.8 °-2.8 ° min to max -1.4 ° -2.8 -1.4 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.2 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.97 g min to max 1.24 g 1.00 1.24 g
Info Average VSI -682 ft/m-752 ft/m min to max -474 ft/m -683 -474 ft/m
Info Average altitude 103 ft agl47 ft agl min to max 285 ft agl 285 47 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -5.1 °-9.5 ° min to max -2.4 ° -3.7 -9.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-670-503-335-1680168335503670Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 52.95Landing on runway 16L at KSEA Seattle Tacoma Intl, runway length 11,895 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 135 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 135 kn. Target 135 kn
0 % Landing and flare profile
63 % Heading variation -0.7 °-1.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -1.4 -0.1 °
88 % Average bank angle 4.2 °0.1 ° min to max 6.7 ° 0.4 3.8 °
24 % Average g force 0.96 g0.77 g min to max 2.58 g 1.23 2.58 g
Info Average speed 132 kn127 kn min to max 136 kn 135 127 kn
Info Average VSI -96 ft/m-1,334 ft/m min to max 716 ft/m -456 -1,334 ft/m
Info Average altitude 38 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 62 ft agl 21 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.9 °-10.4 ° min to max 0.4 ° -9.6 -3.3 °
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,25001225375062Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,250-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 60.11Touchdown point was 1,314 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 127 kn was good. Touchdown rate was very heavy at -1,334 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 21 ft from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 48 °F. Wind 0 kn at 0 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Touchdown VSI was -1,334 ft/m.
60 % Touchdown distance was 2,711 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 127 knTarget 132 kn
83 % Runway alignment max 21.1 ft18.2 ft right -21.1 -16.7 ft
77 % Average bank angle 1.7 °0.6 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 0.6 °
0 % Average g force 2.55 g0.82 g min to max 4.48 g 2.58 0.82 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 127 kn126 kn min to max 127 kn 127 126 kn
Info Average pitch angle -2.4 °-3.3 ° min to max -1.4 ° -3.3 -1.4 °
Arrival Rollout 93.64Total landing distance 4,006 ft, 34 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 4,006 ft34 % of runway.
89 % Runway alignment max 29.9 ft15.2 ft left to 14.7 ft right -14.7 15.2 ft
85 % Average g force 0.91 g0.48 g min to max 1.35 g 0.55 1.00 g
Info Average speed 57 kn36 kn min to max 61 kn 61 36 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-1.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.0 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.5 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 33 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 13 kn0 kn min to max 30 kn 30 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.0 0.6 °
Info Average g force 0.96 g0.87 g min to max 1.05 g 0.90 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake On  · 2 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake On  · 1 kt
Info Parking Brake Off  · 1 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 154 kt with 10.1° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF10.1° off19° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 15 kt -0.2° 0 s
80 kt1,859 ft 80 kt 0.1° 19.6 s
Liftoff7,797 ft 154 kt 10.1° 47.7 s
35 ft8,681 ft · 3.1 s after liftoff 156 kt 19.0° 50.7 s
End of Climb 314,738 ft · 986 ft 157 kt 17.0° 72 s

Takeoff from KMSO 12

Runway alignment23.57
77.6ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 986 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 521 ft of runway left; then climbing at 2,480 fpm on average to 986 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 154 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 9,481 ft runway.

Rolled from 280 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 77 ft at the widest, and lifted off 54 ft left. Airborne 86 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

2,0004,0006,0008,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 76.9 ft LROLL 280 FT INAirborne 8,077 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 8,077 ft of 9,481 ft · 85 %
Behind the start of the roll, 280 ftTakeoff roll, 7,797 ft Left ahead, 1,404 ft

The approach to KSEA 16L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 40 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,285996650488337174
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 5,870 ft right of the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND4695 ft R5206 ft R3063 ft R1933 ft R1111 ft R590 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KSEA 16L

Over the threshold

Threshold height46.67
21ft
Threshold speed100.00
134kt
Centreline offset63.20
1.4ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold58.78
2,737ft
Centreline83.01
21.1ft R
Speed100.00
127kt
Touchdown rate0.00
-1,335fpm
Impact0.00
4.48G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Calm: nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 3° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 65 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 9 s, an average deceleration of 0.20 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 243 ft30 kt · 1,419 fttouchdown1,476 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,000 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 21 ft, 29 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 2,737 ft in, 1,737 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,000 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

21 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −1,333 fpm · −3.3° nose down · 127 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 21 ft, down at 2,737 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

From 67 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 450 fpm before coming down at 1,330 fpm to touch. The nose came up 6.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−750−1,500−11°−0°10°touchdown−1,333 fpm at touchdown−3.3° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,000 ft of the 11,895 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 17 ft right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 20 ft right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 2,737 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 2,737 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone.

Runway used 3,929 ft of 11,895 ft · 33 %
In the air over the runway, 2,737 ftRollout, 1,192 ft Left over, 7,966 ft
Rollout distance100.00
1,192ft33 % used
Rollout alignment89.31
15.2ft L

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