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CZBB
Delta, Canada
Runway 25
Elevation3 ft asl
Weight2,760 kg
Fuel547 kg
Wind285° · 7 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

91.42 %
KSEA
Seattle, United States
Runway 16C
Elevation430 ft asl
Weight2,612 kg
Fuel379 kg
Wind350° · 8 kn · 1 kn cross
21 May 2025 0:43 104 nm Beechcraft Duke 167 kg
Departure Score
91.98 %
Enroute Score
92.00 %
Arrival Score
90.28 %

What went well

Touchdown 169 m in — inside the full-score zone
Straight touchdown — 0.36 m off the centreline, no bounce
1.39 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Enroute Climb — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, −2.67 points
Arrival Final 3 — stall warning; speed limits at 0 %, −1.36 points
Departure Roll — Landing Lights at 0 %, Strobe Lights at 0 %, −0.84 points

Next time

Hold the approach speed

See Arrival Final 3

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 20 stages, 18 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 11 minutes and covered 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 6 kt0 kt min to max 17 kt 0 16 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 8 ktmax 9 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °3.1 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 25 at CZBB Boundary Bay Airport, Average speed was 26 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 39 kt6 kt min to max 57 kt 15 38 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.2 3.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 0.99 g
Departure Roll 87.35Departure roll runway 25 at CZBB Boundary Bay Airport. Takeoff distance 707 m 46 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 96 kt. Local weather - Temperature 14 °C. Wind 7 kt at 284 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Headwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 707 m46 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 96 ktTarget 93 kt
87 % Runway alignment max 6.68 m0.00 m left to 6.68 m right -5.74 -0.43 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.09 g 0.99 1.09 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °2.9 ° min to max 6.2 ° 3.6 6.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.1 2.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Fail Strobe Lights
Departure Climb 1 96.91Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 25 CZBB Boundary Bay Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt96 kt min to max 100 kt 96 100 kt
88 % Average bank angle 3.5 °0.0 ° min to max 6.7 ° 3.0 6.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.14 g 1.10 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 418 fpm331 fpm min to max 520 fpm 420 409 fpm
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 0 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °6.4 ° min to max 8.4 ° 6.4 8.0 °
Departure Climb 2 94.61Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 25 CZBB Boundary Bay Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.3 °
100 % Average speed 101 kt95 kt min to max 116 kt 100 116 kt
78 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.0 ° min to max 10.2 ° 6.6 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.80 g min to max 1.17 g 1.04 1.17 g
Info Average VSI 609 fpm-158 fpm min to max 1,340 fpm 414 1,044 fpm
Info Average altitude 118 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 379 ft agl 51 379 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.0 °4.9 ° min to max 13.6 ° 8.1 12.8 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 137 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 245 ft agl · 100 kt
Departure Climb 3 91.01Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 25 CZBB Boundary Bay Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 112 kt106 kt min to max 116 kt 116 106 kt
55 % Average bank angle 12.8 °1.8 ° min to max 19.1 ° 1.8 14.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.98 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,922 fpm1,396 fpm min to max 2,196 fpm 1,396 1,750 fpm
Info Average altitude 560 ft agl405 ft agl min to max 706 ft agl 405 706 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.2 °14.4 ° min to max 16.1 ° 14.4 14.4 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 653 ft agl · 113 kt
Enroute Climb 60.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Ladner (British Columbia, Canada). Climbing from 741 ft asl to 9,180 ft asl, an increase of 8,439 ft in 7 minutes and covering 8 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 97 kt81 kt min to max 110 kt 106 110 kt
100 % Average bank angle 12.2 °0.0 ° min to max 28.9 ° 9.1 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.88 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 0.95 g
Info Average VSI 1,246 fpm619 fpm min to max 1,739 fpm 1,687 943 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,921 ft asl741 ft asl min to max 9,180 ft asl 741 9,180 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 14.2 °9.4 ° min to max 15.3 ° 14.3 9.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 4,808 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,868 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4,883 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,914 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4,929 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,960 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 4,975 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4,991 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 5,021 ft agl · 98 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 6,161 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 8,936 ft agl · 119 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 5 miles south west of White Rock (British Columbia, Canada) and lasted 16 minutes, covering 55 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 9,412 ft asl9,296 ft asl min to max 9,429 ft asl 9,296 9,424 ft asl
100 % Average speed 193 kt126 kt min to max 203 kt 126 190 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.7 °0.0 ° min to max 17.0 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °1.0 ° min to max 6.1 ° 6.1 1.5 °

Events

Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 9,395 ft agl · 226 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 9,395 ft agl · 226 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north of Freeland (Washington, United States). Descent from 9,425 ft asl to 5,027 ft asl, a decrease of 4,398 ft in 5 minutes and covering 18 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 187 kt174 kt min to max 201 kt 189 174 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.3 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.83 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -795 fpm-1,172 fpm min to max 10 fpm 7 -46 fpm
Info Average altitude 7,324 ft asl5,027 ft asl min to max 9,428 ft asl 9,425 5,027 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-1.6 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.6 1.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 9,427 ft agl · 216 kt
Info Parking Brake On 7,116 ft agl · 203 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 5,099 ft agl · 201 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 5,040 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 5,038 ft agl · 189 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Woodway (Washington, United States) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 5,020 ft asl5,016 ft asl min to max 5,024 ft asl 5,024 5,016 ft asl
100 % Average speed 171 kt169 kt min to max 172 kt 171 169 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.2 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.8 2.0 °
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south of Shoreline (Washington, United States). Descent from 5,017 ft asl to 1,878 ft asl, a decrease of 3,139 ft in 5 minutes and covering 12 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 142 kt88 kt min to max 179 kt 170 88 kt
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 12.9 ° 0.3 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -431 fpm-1,228 fpm min to max 116 fpm 4 -1,036 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,792 ft asl1,878 ft asl min to max 5,017 ft asl 5,017 1,878 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-2.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 1.9 -2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 4,647 ft agl · 183 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 2,826 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Autopilot Approach Mode Activated 2,826 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,297 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,207 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 2,165 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 2,222 ft agl · 116 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 2,232 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 2,231 ft agl · 105 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 2,070 ft agl · 107 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,975 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,980 ft agl · 107 kt
Arrival Final 4 90.96Approaching runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,426 ft agl to 1,136 ft agl. A decrease of 290 ft in 11 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Approach angle 4.1 °3.9 ° min to max 4.3 °Target 3.0 ° 4.3 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 87 kt86 kt min to max 87 kt 87 86 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.7 °-0.8 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.7 -0.7 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.5 °0.5 ° min to max 3.6 ° 0.6 1.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.90 g min to max 1.07 g 0.92 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,541 fpm-1,635 fpm min to max -1,212 fpm -1,212 -1,531 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,281 ft agl1,136 ft agl min to max 1,426 ft agl 1,426 1,136 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -4.0 °-4.8 ° min to max -3.0 ° -3.2 -3.0 °
33.253.53.7541,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-110-83-55-280285583110Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 67.27Approaching runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 1,111 ft agl to 598 ft agl. A decrease of 514 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Approach angle 3.2 °2.8 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 3.0 °
0 % Average speed 80 kt74 kt min to max 85 kt 85 81 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.4 °-0.7 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.7 0.0 °
99 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 2.1 3.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.17 g 1.08 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -986 fpm-1,546 fpm min to max -89 fpm -1,466 -196 fpm
Info Average altitude 787 ft agl598 ft agl min to max 1,111 ft agl 1,111 598 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-3.4 ° min to max 6.7 ° -1.8 4.8 °

Events

Fail Stall Warning Activated 834 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 770 ft agl · 84 kt
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,1001,150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 97.75Approaching runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 594 ft agl to 319 ft agl. A decrease of 275 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Approach angle 3.2 °3.0 ° min to max 3.7 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.7 °
100 % Average speed 84 kt80 kt min to max 86 kt 83 80 kt
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.3 °
92 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.4 ° min to max 6.1 ° 5.0 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.10 g 0.92 0.92 g
Info Average VSI -417 fpm-780 fpm min to max 121 fpm -234 44 fpm
Info Average altitude 449 ft agl312 ft agl min to max 594 ft agl 594 319 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °0.4 ° min to max 5.5 ° 4.0 3.5 °
11.251.51.752300350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 94.05Approaching runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 317 ft agl to 2 ft agl. A decrease of 314 ft in 28 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Approach angle 3.4 °3.0 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 79 kt77 kt min to max 85 kt 81 77 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 -0.1 °
93 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.1 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.95 g0.88 g min to max 1.10 g 0.92 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -584 fpm-1,015 fpm min to max -84 fpm -84 -822 fpm
Info Average altitude 71 ft agl2 ft agl min to max 317 ft agl 317 2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °0.1 ° min to max 5.2 ° 3.0 3.0 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 84.16Landing on runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, runway length 2,872 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was a little below target at 77 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Threshold speed was a little below target at 77 kt. Target 96 kt
54 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.1 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.1 0.0 °
87 % Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 7.0 ° 0.9 6.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.99 g min to max 1.21 g 1.01 1.21 g
Info Average speed 76 kt74 kt min to max 77 kt 77 74 kt
Info Average VSI -794 fpm-840 fpm min to max -596 fpm -827 -596 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 43 -1 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °2.8 ° min to max 8.9 ° 3.1 8.9 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 10 ft agl · 79 kt
07515001123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150-25-20-15-10-50510152025Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 93.03Touchdown distance was good at 166 m. Touchdown speed at 74 kt was good. Touchdown rate was very hard at -596 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 8 kt at 350 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Tailwind: 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
83 % Touchdown VSI was -596 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 166 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 74 ktTarget below 96 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.47 m0.15 m left -0.11 0.36 m
46 % Average bank angle 5.0 °3.8 ° min to max 6.4 ° 6.4 3.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.24 g1.11 g min to max 1.39 g 1.21 1.11 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 73 kt72 kt min to max 74 kt 74 72 kt
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °6.2 ° min to max 9.0 ° 8.9 6.2 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Deactivated 4 ft agl · 77 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 427 m, 15 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 427 m15 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.75 m0.41 m left to 2.34 m right 0.38 -2.34 m
100 % Average g force 1.04 g1.00 g min to max 1.11 g 1.08 1.01 g
Info Average speed 79 kt51 kt min to max 86 kt 86 51 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °0.2 ° min to max 5.9 ° 5.9 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 0.4 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 4 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 15 kt6 kt min to max 43 kt 43 13 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °0.9 ° min to max 5.1 ° 1.3 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.3 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 0.99 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Arrival Taxi 95.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 13 kt4 kt min to max 22 kt 16 4 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 15 ktmax 17 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °1.4 ° min to max 5.1 ° 3.6 3.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 11 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 96 kt with 6.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.3° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 38 kt 3.6° 0 s
Liftoff708 m 96 kt 6.3° 19.5 s
35 ft929 m · 4.6 s after liftoff 98 kt 6.7° 24.1 s
End of Climb 32,961 m · 706 ft 106 kt 14.4° 64 s

Takeoff from CZBB 25

Taxi lightsFail
Off
Takeoff roll100.00
707m46 %
Liftoff speed100.00
96kt
Runway alignment86.77
6.68m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb96.91
418fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 706 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 515 m of runway left; then climbing at 950 fpm on average to 706 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

750 ft375 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060708090KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 96 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,523 m runway.

Rolled from 79 m in, drifted 6.6 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 51 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 6.60 m RROLL 79 M INAirborne 786 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 786 m of 1,523 m · 52 %
Behind the start of the roll, 79 mTakeoff roll, 708 m Left ahead, 737 m

The approach to KSEA 16C

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 490 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,444652562368254
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 3.8 nm, never more than 89 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR223 m L0223 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND87 m R12 m R15 m L17 m L11 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 3.8 nm, where the final began, to 3.1 nm, then slow to the threshold (up to −22 kt).

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160180 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 96−9 kt−15 kt−11 kt−14 kt−13 kt−19 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KSEA 16C

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
43ft
Threshold speed87.95
77kttarget 96, 19 slow
Centreline offset100.00
0.03m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
169m
Centreline100.00
0.36m L
Speed100.00
73kttarget 96 or less
Touchdown rate82.89
-596fpm
Impact100.00
1.39G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, 6° of bank.

Wind 350° at 8 kt · 7 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 87 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.29 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 234 m30 kt · 321 mtouchdown334 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 43 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 169 m in, 136 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

43 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −596 fpm · 8.9° nose up · 74 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 43 ft, down at 169 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 880 fpm at 42 ft to 340 fpm at 0 ft, then back up to 600 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 5.8° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−596 fpm at touchdown8.9° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,872 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.9 m of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 169 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 169 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 402 m of 2,872 m · 14 %
In the air over the runway, 169 mRollout, 233 m Left over, 2,470 m
Rollout distance100.00
233m14 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.34m R

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Flight narrative

The flight began with the aircraft, a Beechcraft Duke, taxiing from the parking area to the runway at CZBB Boundary Bay Airport. This process took 11 minutes and covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. The departure roll took place on runway 25, and the takeoff distance was 707 meters, which accounted for 46% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 96 knots.

As the aircraft took to the skies, it encountered local weather conditions with a temperature of 14 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 7 knots at 284 degrees. The crosswind was 2 knots, and the headwind was 7 knots. The enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Ladner, British Columbia, and the aircraft ascended from 741 feet above sea level to 9,180 feet above sea level, an increase of 8,439 feet in 7 minutes, covering a distance of 8 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise began 5 miles south west of White Rock, British Columbia, and lasted for 16 minutes, covering a distance of 55 nautical miles. The aircraft then started its enroute descent 3 miles north of Freeland, Washington, and descended from 9,425 feet above sea level to 5,027 feet above sea level, a decrease of 4,398 feet in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 18 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise resumed overhead Woodway, Washington, and lasted for 2 minutes, covering a distance of 5 nautical miles. The enroute descent began 2 miles south of Shoreline, Washington, and the aircraft descended from 5,017 feet above sea level to 1,878 feet above sea level, a decrease of 3,139 feet in 5 minutes, covering a distance of 12 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 16C at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport took place from the north, heading 180.0 degrees at 3 nautical miles and 1,426 feet above ground level. The landing on runway 16C was successful, with a runway length of 2,872 meters. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was a little below target at 77 knots.

The touchdown distance was good at 166 meters, and the touchdown speed was 74 knots, which was also good. However, the touchdown rate was very hard at -596 feet per minute. The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 12 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 8 knots at 350 degrees. The crosswind was 1 knot, and the tailwind was 7 knots.

The total landing distance was 427 meters, which accounted for 15% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was perfect. The taxiing to the parking area from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 104 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 43 minutes. The aircraft used 167 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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