KFRG to KRDG Flight Report - Cessna Skyhawk

Flight from KFRG to KRDG

Wednesday, 26 April 2023 19:43

Minutes 67

233 nm

Fuel 53 kg

Cessna Skyhawk

Departure

Runway 32 at KFRG

Republic

Farmingdale, New York, United States

Altitude

69 ft asl

Weight

997 kg

Fuel

76 kg

Temperature

11 °C

Wind Speed

10 kt

Wind Direction

150.0 °

Headwind

-9 kt

Crosswind

2 kt

Arrival

Runway 31 at KRDG

Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie

Reading Pennsylvania, United States

325 ft asl

Altitude

944 kg

Weight

23 kg

Fuel

12 °C

Temperature

8 kt

Wind Speed

160.0 °

Wind Direction

-6 kt

Headwind

4 kt

Crosswind

Flight Score 88.04%

Departure Score 93.28%

Enroute Score 88.04%

Arrival Score 79.77%

Vertical profile — planned vs actual

Flight Map

Replay this flight in 3D — the full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.

Flight Stages KFRG to KRDG

Click on a stage to view more detailed information

Arrival

98.06 %

Arrival started overhead Bethpage (Nassau County, New York, United States).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 130 kn 64 kn min to max 141 kn	134		82 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 27.6 °	17.0		12.0 °
90.29 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.58 g min to max 1.32 g	1.02		0.98 g
Info	Average VSI -2 ft/m -2,018 ft/m min to max 582 ft/m	-33		-1,545 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 994 ft asl 864 ft asl min to max 1,443 ft asl	893		864 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.8 ° -12.5 ° min to max 5.2 °	-1.8		-10.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Battery Master On at 19:43:16
Info	Engine 1 Started at 19:43:16
Info	Parking Brake On at 19:43:16
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 19:43:16
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 20:38:49
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 20:38:49
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 20:39:11
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 20:39:11
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 20:39:15
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 20:39:15
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 20:40:17
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 20:40:17
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated at 20:49:57
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 20:49:57
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 20:50:15
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated at 20:50:19
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 20:50:27
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated at 20:50:27
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 20:50:27
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 20:50:35
Info	Flaps Position 2 at 20:51:39
Info	Flaps Position 3 at 20:51:41

Arrival Final 1

82.11 %

Approaching runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 496 ft agl to 135 ft agl. A decrease of 361 ft in 10 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
58.7 %	Approach angle 9.1 ° 7.5 ° min to max 10.3 ° Target 3.0 °	10.3		7.5 °
100 %	Average speed 82 kn 79 kn min to max 84 kn	81		84 kn
81.79 %	Heading variation 0.6 ° 0.5 ° min to max 0.7 °	0.6		0.5 °
70.08 %	Average bank angle 5.7 ° 0.5 ° min to max 13.4 °	13.4		0.5 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.89 g min to max 1.06 g	0.93		1.04 g
Info	Average VSI -1,916 ft/m -2,130 ft/m min to max -1,609 ft/m	-1,609		-1,734 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 315 ft agl 135 ft agl min to max 496 ft agl	496		135 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -12.4 ° -13.8 ° min to max -10.6 °	-11.1		-10.6 °

Arrival Landing

39.81 %

Landing on runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie, runway length 1,932 m. Threshold height at 117 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
40.21 %	Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kn. Target 63 kn
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
25.08 %	Landing and flare profile
91.07 %	Heading variation 0.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.4		0.1 °
93.76 %	Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.4 °	0.2		1.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.92 g min to max 1.23 g	1.23		1.00 g
Info	Average speed 68 kn 54 kn min to max 83 kn	83		54 kn
Info	Average VSI -505 ft/m -1,551 ft/m min to max -79 ft/m	-1,551		-79 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 22 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 117 ft agl	117		0 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.2 ° -7.8 ° min to max 2.3 °	-7.3		2.2 °

Arrival Touchdown

93.89 %

Touchdown point was 150 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 54 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was excellent at -78 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was very good. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 8 kn at 160 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Tailwind: 6 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
97.05 %	Touchdown VSI was -78 ft/m.
86.6 %	Touchdown distance was 580 m Target 457 m
86.78 %	Speed at touchdown 54 kn Target 53 kn
96.58 %	Runway alignment max 2.51 m 2.26 m left	2.51		2.02 m
99.5 %	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.0 °	1.0		0.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.05 g 1.01 g min to max 1.09 g	1.02		1.01 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 53 kn 52 kn min to max 54 kn	54		52 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 2.9 ° 2.3 ° min to max 3.1 °	2.3		3.0 °

Arrival Rollout

99.28 %

Total landing distance 750 m, 39 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 750 m 39 % of runway.
98.41 %	Runway alignment max 1.98 m 1.98 m left to 0.00 m left	1.98		0.17 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.02 g	1.00		1.01 g
Info	Average speed 61 kn 39 kn min to max 65 kn	65		39 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 1.5 ° 0.4 ° min to max 2.9 °	2.9		0.4 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.2		0.2 °

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 0 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 9 kn 0 kn min to max 33 kn	33		6 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 0.9 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.3 °	0.4		0.8 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.2		0.3 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.01		1.00 g

Arrival Taxi

83.73 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
59.33 %	Average speed 18 kn 0 kn min to max 31 kn	7		23 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 10 kn max 10 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average pitch angle 0.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 1.2 °	0.8		0.4 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.1		0.2 °
Info	Slew Mode On at 20:57:56
Info	Landing Lights ON should be OFF at 20:55:58
Info	Taxi Light OFF should be ON at 20:56:24
Info	Landing Lights ON should be OFF at 20:55:58
Info	Taxi Light OFF should be ON at 20:56:24

Departure Taxi

100 %

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 0 kn 0 kn min to max 0 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 0 kn max 0 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 1.00 g min to max 1.00 g	1.00		1.00 g
100 %	Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info	Average pitch angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 °	0.0		0.0 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.0 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.0 °	0.0		0.0 °
Info	Parking Brake Off at 19:43:42
Info	Landing Lights Switched Off at 19:43:42
Info	Taxi Lights Switched On at 19:43:42
Info	Parking Brake On at 19:43:42
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 19:43:42
Info	Landing Lights Switched On at 19:43:53
Info	Taxi Lights Switched Off at 19:43:53
Info	Flaps Position 1 at 19:43:53
Info	Beacon Light OFF should be ON at 19:43:16
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 19:43:16
Info	Navigation Light OFF should be ON at 19:43:16

Departure Roll

91.84 %

Departure roll runway 32 at KFRG Republic. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 10 kn at 150 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Tailwind: 9 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway
100 %	Liftoff speed was 64 kn Target 62 kn
59.19 %	Runway alignment max 17.66 m 4.32 m left to 13.34 m right	0.54		-13.34 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.97 g min to max 1.04 g	0.98		1.04 g
100 %	Takeoff Bounce
Info	Average pitch angle 1.1 ° 0.7 ° min to max 2.9 °	0.7		2.9 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.2 °	0.0		4.2 °
Info	Parking Brake Off at 19:50:04
Info	Strobe Light OFF should be ON at 19:50:19

Departure Climb 1

97.15 %

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 KFRG Republic.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
96.67 %	Heading variation 0.9 ° 0.4 ° min to max 1.3 °	1.3		0.4 °
100 %	Average speed 69 kn 64 kn min to max 73 kn	64		71 kn
91.92 %	Average bank angle 2.3 ° 0.4 ° min to max 5.1 °	4.4		0.8 °
100 %	Average g force 1.03 g 0.91 g min to max 1.09 g	1.05		0.93 g
Info	Average VSI 497 ft/m 279 ft/m min to max 639 ft/m	279		615 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 19 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl	0		50 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.1 ° 3.0 ° min to max 6.6 °	3.0		5.8 °

Departure Climb 2

98.77 %

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 KFRG Republic.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Heading variation -0.1 ° -1.9 ° min to max 0.3 °	0.3		-1.9 °
100 %	Average speed 73 kn 59 kn min to max 76 kn	71		59 kn
96.21 %	Average bank angle 1.3 ° 0.8 ° min to max 3.4 °	0.8		2.0 °
97.14 %	Average g force 1.07 g 0.80 g min to max 1.30 g	0.94		0.83 g
Info	Average VSI 1,003 ft/m 602 ft/m min to max 2,379 ft/m	611		2,099 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 100 ft agl 46 ft agl min to max 392 ft agl	46		392 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle 10.5 ° 6.0 ° min to max 21.1 °	6.0		16.1 °
Info	Flaps Fully Retracted at 19:50:39
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 19:50:49
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated at 19:50:49
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 19:50:49
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 19:50:52
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 19:50:52

Departure Climb 3

78.65 %

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 KFRG Republic.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
23.17 %	Heading variation -6.2 ° -8.6 ° min to max -2.2 °	-2.2		-8.6 °
100 %	Average speed 120 kn 56 kn min to max 141 kn	56		124 kn
74.11 %	Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 11.8 °	0.9		11.8 °
92 %	Average g force 1.01 g 0.67 g min to max 1.39 g	0.67		1.01 g
100 %	Landing gear up
Info	Average VSI 77 ft/m -551 ft/m min to max 1,789 ft/m	1,789		1,090 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 314 ft agl 171 ft agl min to max 462 ft agl	424		462 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.8 ° -5.2 ° min to max 10.7 °	10.7		4.2 °
Info	Autopilot Master Switched Off at 19:51:32
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated at 19:51:32
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated at 19:51:32

Enroute Climb

76.08 %

Enroute climb started overhead Old Bethpage (Nassau County, New York, United States). Climbing from 551 ft asl to 990 ft asl, an increase of 439 ft in less than 1 minute. and covering less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
44.2 %	Climb speed 112 kn 97 kn min to max 123 kn Target 86 kn	123		105 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 2.7 ° 0.1 ° min to max 16.9 °	13.1		0.2 °
84 %	Average g force 0.97 g 0.47 g min to max 1.26 g	0.87		1.01 g
Info	Average VSI 1,246 ft/m -514 ft/m min to max 2,401 ft/m	1,065		-514 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 778 ft asl 551 ft asl min to max 1,010 ft asl	551		990 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle 5.0 ° -3.7 ° min to max 12.2 °	2.9		-3.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Autopilot Master Switched On at 19:52:06
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Activated at 19:52:06
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated at 19:52:06
Info	Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated at 19:52:11
Info	Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated at 19:52:11

Enroute Level

100 %

Enroute level cruise started overhead Bethpage (Nassau County, New York, United States) and lasted less than 1 minute. , covering 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average altitude 908 ft asl 889 ft asl min to max 979 ft asl	979		894 ft asl
100 %	Average speed 128 kn 110 kn min to max 134 kn	110		133 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.9 ° 0.0 ° min to max 11.5 °	0.2		11.5 °
100 %	Average g force 1.02 g 0.79 g min to max 1.25 g	1.07		0.98 g
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0
Info	Average pitch angle -1.9 ° -5.1 ° min to max -0.3 °	-2.8		-1.7 °
Info	Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated at 19:52:45
Info	Autopilot Wing Leveler Deactivated at 19:52:46

Arrival 2

98.06 %

Arrival started overhead Bethpage (Nassau County, New York, United States).

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Average speed 130 kn 64 kn min to max 141 kn	134		82 kn
100 %	Average bank angle 0.8 ° 0.0 ° min to max 27.6 °	17.0		12.0 °
90.29 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.58 g min to max 1.32 g	1.02		0.98 g
Info	Average VSI -2 ft/m -2,018 ft/m min to max 582 ft/m	-33		-1,545 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 994 ft asl 864 ft asl min to max 1,443 ft asl	893		864 ft asl
Info	Average pitch angle -0.8 ° -12.5 ° min to max 5.2 °	-1.8		-10.3 °
Info	Turn coordination 0 0 min to max 0	0		0

Arrival Final 1

82.11 %

Approaching runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 496 ft agl to 135 ft agl. A decrease of 361 ft in 10 seconds.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
58.7 %	Approach angle 9.1 ° 7.5 ° min to max 10.3 ° Target 3.0 °	10.3		7.5 °
100 %	Average speed 82 kn 79 kn min to max 84 kn	81		84 kn
81.79 %	Heading variation 0.6 ° 0.5 ° min to max 0.7 °	0.6		0.5 °
70.08 %	Average bank angle 5.7 ° 0.5 ° min to max 13.4 °	13.4		0.5 °
100 %	Average g force 0.99 g 0.89 g min to max 1.06 g	0.93		1.04 g
Info	Average VSI -1,916 ft/m -2,130 ft/m min to max -1,609 ft/m	-1,609		-1,734 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 315 ft agl 135 ft agl min to max 496 ft agl	496		135 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -12.4 ° -13.8 ° min to max -10.6 °	-11.1		-10.6 °

Arrival Landing

39.81 %

Landing on runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie, runway length 1,932 m. Threshold height at 117 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kn.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
40.21 %	Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kn. Target 63 kn
0 %	Target 50 ft agl
25.08 %	Landing and flare profile
91.07 %	Heading variation 0.3 ° 0.1 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.4		0.1 °
93.76 %	Average bank angle 1.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 4.4 °	0.2		1.0 °
100 %	Average g force 1.04 g 0.92 g min to max 1.23 g	1.23		1.00 g
Info	Average speed 68 kn 54 kn min to max 83 kn	83		54 kn
Info	Average VSI -505 ft/m -1,551 ft/m min to max -79 ft/m	-1,551		-79 ft/m
Info	Average altitude 22 ft agl 0 ft agl min to max 117 ft agl	117		0 ft agl
Info	Average pitch angle -1.2 ° -7.8 ° min to max 2.3 °	-7.3		2.2 °

Arrival Touchdown

93.89 %

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
97.05 %	Touchdown VSI was -78 ft/m.
86.6 %	Touchdown distance was 580 m Target 457 m
86.78 %	Speed at touchdown 54 kn Target 53 kn
96.58 %	Runway alignment max 2.51 m 2.26 m left	2.51		2.02 m
99.5 %	Average bank angle 0.5 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.0 °	1.0		0.2 °
100 %	Average g force 1.05 g 1.01 g min to max 1.09 g	1.02		1.01 g
100 %	Landing Bounce
Info	Average speed 53 kn 52 kn min to max 54 kn	54		52 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 2.9 ° 2.3 ° min to max 3.1 °	2.3		3.0 °

Arrival Rollout

99.28 %

Total landing distance 750 m, 39 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
100 %	Landing distance 750 m 39 % of runway.
98.41 %	Runway alignment max 1.98 m 1.98 m left to 0.00 m left	1.98		0.17 m
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.02 g	1.00		1.01 g
Info	Average speed 61 kn 39 kn min to max 65 kn	65		39 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 1.5 ° 0.4 ° min to max 2.9 °	2.9		0.4 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.2 °	0.2		0.2 °

Runway Exit

Exiting runway, average speed 0 kn

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
Info	Average speed 9 kn 0 kn min to max 33 kn	33		6 kn
Info	Average pitch angle 0.9 ° 0.2 ° min to max 1.3 °	0.4		0.8 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.2		0.3 °
Info	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.01		1.00 g

Arrival Taxi

83.73 %

Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.

Score	Description	Start	Profile	End
59.33 %	Average speed 18 kn 0 kn min to max 31 kn	7		23 kn
100 %	Average speed turning corners 10 kn max 10 kn	0		0 kn
100 %	Average g force 1.00 g 0.99 g min to max 1.01 g	1.00		1.00 g
Info	Average pitch angle 0.8 ° 0.1 ° min to max 1.2 °	0.8		0.4 °
Info	Average bank angle 0.1 ° 0.0 ° min to max 0.4 °	0.1		0.2 °

Takeoff on runway 32 at KFRG Republic in the Cessna Skyhawk

93.28 %

100 %

Taxi

Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.

Taxi Lights

100 %

Switched On

Speed

100 %

Turn Speed

100 %

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

91.84 %

Takeoff Roll

Departure roll runway 32 at KFRG Republic. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 64 kn. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 10 kn at 150 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Tailwind: 9 kn.

Takeoff Distance

100 %

Roll distance of 0 m using 0 % of runway

Liftoff Speed

100 %

Liftoff speed was 64 kn - Target 62 kn

Alignment

59.19 %

4.32 m left to 13.34 m right

Bounce

100 %

No Bounce Detected

Strobe Lights

0 %

Switched Off

Landing Lights

100 %

Switched On

100 %

Speed

Info

Bank

Info

Pitch

Info

97.15 %

Climb 1

Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 32 KFRG Republic.

Heading

96.67 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

91.92 %

100 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

98.77 %

Climb 2

Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 32 KFRG Republic.

Heading

100 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

96.21 %

97.14 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

78.65 %

Climb 3

Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 32 KFRG Republic.

Heading

23.17 %

Speed

100 %

Bank

74.11 %

92 %

Pitch

Info

Climb Rate

Info

Landing on runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie in the Cessna Skyhawk

Landing Score 78.77 %

82.11 %

Final 1

Approaching runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 496 ft agl to 135 ft agl. A decrease of 361 ft in 10 seconds.

Glideslope

58.7 %

Poor descent path above glideslope limit

Heading

81.79 %

Good heading alignment

Glideslope

58.7 %

IAS

100 %

Heading

81.79 %

Bank

70.08 %

100 %

Descent Rate

Info

39.81 %

Landing

Landing on runway 31 at KRDG Reading Rgnl\/Carl A Spaatz Fie, runway length 1,932 m. Threshold height at 117 ft agl was excessively over target. Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kn.

Height

0 %

Threshold height at 117 ft agl was excessively over target. Target 50 ft agl

Speed

40.21 %

Threshold speed was excessively high at 83 kt. Target 63 kt

Flare

25.08 %

Very poor landing flare

Heading

91.07 %

Bank