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LIMJ
Genova (GE), Italy
Runway 10
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight992 kg
Fuel68 kg
Wind30° · 15 kn · 15 kn cross

Flight Score

94.10 %
LFMN
Nice, France
Runway 04R
Elevation10 ft asl
Weight943 kg
Fuel55 kg
Wind10° · 13 kn · 7 kn cross
20 Jan 2025 1:46 160 nm Tecnam P2006T MKII 13 kg
Departure Score
88.33 %
Enroute Score
99.05 %
Arrival Score
94.92 %

What went well

Touched down at -122 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 342 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 31 ft and 66 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — gear not retracted; Landing gear up at 0 %, Heading variation 6.7 ° at 41 %, −1.63 points
Departure Climb 1 — bank angle up to 22.9 ° at 45 %, Heading variation 0.1 ° at 88 %, −1.11 points
Departure Climb 2 — Heading variation 4.1 ° at 57 %, bank angle up to 6.9 ° at 87 %, −0.93 points

Next time

Avoid steep turns at low altitude

See Departure Climb 3

Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kn6 kn min to max 17 kn 6 13 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °1.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.1 1.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 10 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport, Average speed was 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °1.6 ° min to max 1.6 ° 1.6 1.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.2 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.01 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched Off 1 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Roll 96.68Departure roll runway 10 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport. Takeoff distance 180 m 7 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 63 kn. Local weather - Temperature 8 °C. Wind 17 kn at 30 °. Crosswind: 17 kn Headwind: 4 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 180 m7 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 63 knTarget 60 kn
83 % Runway alignment max 8.36 m7.60 m left to 0.76 m right 0.76 7.60 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.17 g 1.00 1.17 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-2.3 ° min to max 5.8 ° 1.6 5.8 °
Info Average bank angle 7.2 °0.2 ° min to max 21.8 ° 0.2 21.8 °
Departure Climb 1 83.34Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 10 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Heading variation 0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° -1.1 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 65 kn64 kn min to max 68 kn 64 68 kn
45 % Average bank angle 14.3 °0.1 ° min to max 22.9 ° 22.0 4.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.75 g min to max 1.50 g 1.23 0.88 g
Info Average VSI 711 fpm496 fpm min to max 833 fpm 518 496 fpm
Info Average altitude 27 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 0 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °6.2 ° min to max 13.2 ° 6.7 6.4 °
Departure Climb 2 86.10Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 10 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
57 % Heading variation 4.1 °2.2 ° min to max 5.4 ° 2.2 5.4 °
100 % Average speed 74 kn68 kn min to max 80 kn 68 78 kn
87 % Average bank angle 4.3 °0.0 ° min to max 6.9 ° 4.7 4.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.89 g min to max 1.16 g 0.89 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 558 fpm333 fpm min to max 1,055 fpm 480 882 fpm
Info Average altitude 99 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 385 ft agl 49 385 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.8 °6.3 ° min to max 10.6 ° 6.4 10.1 °
Departure Climb 3 75.51Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 10 LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
41 % Heading variation 6.7 °5.6 ° min to max 7.5 ° 5.6 7.5 °
100 % Average speed 78 kn75 kn min to max 84 kn 77 84 kn
87 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.2 ° min to max 7.1 ° 4.2 1.8 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.84 g min to max 1.13 g 1.03 1.01 g
0 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,053 fpm776 fpm min to max 1,219 fpm 922 1,147 fpm
Info Average altitude 707 ft agl400 ft agl min to max 986 ft agl 400 986 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °9.1 ° min to max 13.5 ° 10.2 12.5 °

Events

Fail Gear Not Retracted
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 790 ft agl · 76 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport Genova (GE) (Liguria, Italy). Climbing from 1,021 ft asl to 12,296 ft asl, an increase of 11,275 ft in 14 minutes and covering 15 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 94 kn66 kn min to max 112 kn 85 69 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.0 ° min to max 26.5 ° 0.8 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.78 g min to max 1.19 g 0.97 0.78 g
Info Average VSI 767 fpm-647 fpm min to max 1,297 fpm 1,210 1,055 fpm
Info Average altitude 5,914 ft asl1,021 ft asl min to max 12,296 ft asl 1,021 12,296 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 7.6 °1.4 ° min to max 12.3 ° 12.3 9.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched On 1,333 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 1,333 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 1,333 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 1,368 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 1,619 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 1,652 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 1,652 ft agl · 97 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 2,592 ft agl · 111 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 3,245 ft agl · 114 kt
Enroute Level 95.23Enroute level cruise started 13 miles south east of Varazze (Liguria, Italy) and lasted 43 minutes, covering 60 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Average altitude 11,871 ft asl10,656 ft asl min to max 12,973 ft asl 12,309 10,836 ft asl
100 % Average speed 94 kn75 kn min to max 112 kn 77 76 kn
100 % Average bank angle 3.4 °0.0 ° min to max 18.6 ° 0.3 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.15 g 1.02 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 8.6 ° 7.0 6.6 °

Events

Info Pitot Heat Switched Off 12,397 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Pitot Heat Switched On 12,437 ft agl · 96 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 12,689 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 12,689 ft agl · 95 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 12,884 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 12,884 ft agl · 104 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 12,795 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 12,795 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 10,158 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 10,158 ft agl · 101 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 9,130 ft agl · 133 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 9,130 ft agl · 133 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7,050 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7,050 ft agl · 100 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 6,223 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 6,223 ft agl · 119 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 6,198 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 6,198 ft agl · 120 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 8,794 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 8,794 ft agl · 114 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 8,402 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 8,402 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 10,840 ft agl · 89 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles south east of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France). Descent from 10,843 ft asl to 4,103 ft asl, a decrease of 6,740 ft in 18 minutes and covering 27 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 121 kn76 kn min to max 130 kn 76 130 kn
100 % Average bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.9 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -347 fpm-703 fpm min to max 65 fpm 42 -295 fpm
Info Average altitude 6,849 ft asl4,103 ft asl min to max 10,858 ft asl 10,843 4,103 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.0 ° min to max 6.7 ° 6.7 0.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 10,858 ft agl · 90 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4,885 ft agl · 137 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4,885 ft agl · 137 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 26 miles south of San Remo (Liguria, Italy) and lasted 18 minutes, covering 43 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 3,843 ft asl3,833 ft asl min to max 4,054 ft asl 4,054 3,839 ft asl
100 % Average speed 124 kn120 kn min to max 132 kn 130 122 kn
100 % Average bank angle 7.2 °0.0 ° min to max 20.9 ° 0.6 9.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 0.98 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° -0.0 1.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 3,881 ft agl · 136 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 3,881 ft agl · 136 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south east of Theoule-sur-Mer (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France). Descent from 3,839 ft asl to 1,351 ft asl, a decrease of 2,488 ft in 7 minutes and covering 9 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 92 kn84 kn min to max 121 kn 121 88 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 9.6 ° 9.6 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -281 fpm-958 fpm min to max 169 fpm -2 -366 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,153 ft asl1,351 ft asl min to max 3,848 ft asl 3,839 1,351 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -1.5 °-5.5 ° min to max 1.8 ° 1.3 -1.9 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 3,838 ft agl · 127 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,836 ft agl · 122 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 3,846 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 3,846 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,846 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Deactivated 3,846 ft agl · 102 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,372 ft agl · 114 kt
Arrival Final 4 100.00Approaching runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,334 ft agl to 972 ft agl. A decrease of 363 ft in 43 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.2 °3.0 ° min to max 3.2 °Target 3.0 ° 3.2 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 87 kn84 kn min to max 89 kn 86 88 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.6 -0.6 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.9 °0.0 ° min to max 1.9 ° 1.0 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.05 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -474 fpm-821 fpm min to max -341 fpm -378 -640 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,175 ft agl972 ft agl min to max 1,334 ft agl 1,334 972 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.8 °-4.6 ° min to max -1.5 ° -1.5 -3.6 °
33.253.53.7549009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,4501,500Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-120-90-60-300306090120Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 100.00Approaching runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 962 ft agl to 610 ft agl. A decrease of 353 ft in 46 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.8 ° min to max 3.1 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.8 °
100 % Average speed 85 kn83 kn min to max 88 kn 88 83 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.8 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.6 -0.9 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.0 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -463 fpm-628 fpm min to max -295 fpm -591 -400 fpm
Info Average altitude 793 ft agl610 ft agl min to max 962 ft agl 962 610 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.2 °-3.8 ° min to max -0.7 ° -3.4 -1.8 °
22.252.52.7535506006507007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 95.17Approaching runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 603 ft agl to 428 ft agl. A decrease of 175 ft in 48 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Approach angle 3.3 °2.8 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.8 4.0 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn77 kn min to max 84 kn 83 82 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.9 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.9 -0.6 °
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.5 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -214 fpm-401 fpm min to max 77 fpm -401 -270 fpm
Info Average altitude 510 ft agl428 ft agl min to max 603 ft agl 603 428 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.0 ° -1.8 -1.7 °
11.251.51.752350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-100-75-50-250255075100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 84.80Approaching runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 423 ft agl to 37 ft agl. A decrease of 386 ft in 45 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
28 % Approach angle 2.7 °2.0 ° min to max 4.2 °Target 3.0 ° 4.0 2.0 °
100 % Average speed 69 kn66 kn min to max 82 kn 82 67 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.4 -0.1 °
96 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.2 ° 1.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.91 g min to max 1.16 g 1.03 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -431 fpm-946 fpm min to max -247 fpm -281 -336 fpm
Info Average altitude 107 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 423 ft agl 423 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.5 °-4.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° -1.4 1.7 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 98.39Landing on runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport, runway length 2,959 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 67 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 67 kn. Target 70 kn
94 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.2 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 0.5 3.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.09 0.96 g
Info Average speed 63 kn56 kn min to max 67 kn 67 56 kn
Info Average VSI -152 fpm-330 fpm min to max -7 fpm -330 -118 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl3 ft agl min to max 32 ft agl 32 3 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °0.4 ° min to max 5.6 ° 1.6 3.7 °
07515022530037501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 96.13Touchdown distance was good at 340 m. Touchdown speed at 56 kn was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -118 fpm. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 9.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 13 kn at 9 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Headwind: 11 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown VSI was -118 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 340 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 56 knTarget 64 kn
78 % Runway alignment max 9.18 m8.97 m right -9.18 -8.64 m
93 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 3.3 ° 3.3 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.96 g min to max 1.15 g 0.96 1.07 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 55 kn55 kn min to max 56 kn 56 55 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.0 °3.7 ° min to max 4.4 ° 3.7 4.4 °
Arrival Rollout 89.95Total landing distance 533 m, 18 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 533 m18 % of runway.
78 % Runway alignment max 9.18 m0.00 m left to 9.18 m right -8.54 -2.46 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.96 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 40 kn31 kn min to max 43 kn 43 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-0.3 ° min to max 5.1 ° 4.6 1.2 °
Info Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 1.6 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 36 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 25 kn11 kn min to max 30 kn 30 11 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °0.3 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 0.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.4 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 63 kt with 6.7° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

90 kt6030020°10°0°LIFTOFF6.7° off10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 13 kt 1.1° 0 s
Liftoff176 m · target 60 63 kt 6.7° 9.3 s
35 ft251 m · 2.5 s after liftoff 65 kt 10.1° 11.8 s
End of Climb 32,474 m · 987 ft 84 kt 12.5° 72 s

Takeoff from LIMJ 10

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
180m7 %
Liftoff speed100.00
63kttarget 60, 3 fast
Runway alignment83.39
7.60m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb83.34
710fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 987 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,276 m of runway left; then climbing at 950 fpm on average to 987 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 63 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 2,756 m runway.

Rolled from 229 m in, drifted left of the centreline, 7.5 m at the widest, and lifted off 7.6 m left, in 14 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 14 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS14 kn75 %widest 7.46 m LROLL 229 M INAirborne 405 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 405 m of 2,756 m · 15 %
Behind the start of the roll, 229 mTakeoff roll, 176 m Left ahead, 2,351 m

The approach to LFMN 04R

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 110 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,3871,054656535435296
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 4× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band from 4 nm to 2.3 nm, then 85 m right of it from 2.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR238 m L0238 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND95 m R58 m R85 m R66 m R45 m R24 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LFMN 04R

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
31ft
Threshold speed100.00
66kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.06m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
342m
Centreline77.63
9.18m R
Speed100.00
55kt
Touchdown rate99.38
-122fpm
Impact100.00
1.15G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

7 kt across from the left, which takes about 7° of crab to hold the centreline at 56 kt. Touched down with the nose 9° into wind, 3° of bank.

Wind 010° at 13 kt · 11 kt head · 7 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 44 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.06 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 210 mtouchdown219 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 31 ft, 19 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 342 m in, close to the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

31 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −118 fpm · 3.7° nose up · 56 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 31 ft, down at 342 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 280 fpm at 32 ft to 120 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.1° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−118 fpm at touchdown3.7° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,959 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 8.6 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 9.2 m right at the widest.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 342 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 342 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 522 m of 2,959 m · 18 %
In the air over the runway, 342 mRollout, 180 m Left over, 2,437 m
Rollout distance100.00
180m18 % used
Rollout alignment77.66
9.18m R

The rest of the report

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Flight narrative

The flight began with a quick taxiing process from the parking area to the runway, taking less than a minute and covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Tecnam P2006T MKII, then departed from runway 10 at LIMJ Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport. The takeoff distance was 180 meters, which is 7% of the runway length. The liftoff speed was 63 knots, and the local weather conditions at the time of departure were a temperature of 8°C, with a wind speed of 17 knots at 30°.

As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb, which started overhead the airport. The climb took 14 minutes to reach an altitude of 12,296 feet above sea level, an increase of 11,275 feet from the initial altitude of 1,021 feet. The climb covered a distance of 15 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise then began 13 miles south east of Varazze, Italy, and lasted for 43 minutes, covering a distance of 60 nautical miles.

The aircraft then began its enroute descent, which started 3 miles south east of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France. The descent took 18 minutes to reach an altitude of 4,103 feet above sea level, a decrease of 6,740 feet from the initial altitude of 10,843 feet. The descent covered a distance of 27 nautical miles. The enroute level cruise then began again 26 miles south of San Remo, Italy, and lasted for 18 minutes, covering a distance of 43 nautical miles.

The aircraft then began its final descent, which started 2 miles south east of Theoule-sur-Mer, France. The descent took 7 minutes to reach an altitude of 1,351 feet above sea level, a decrease of 2,488 feet from the initial altitude of 3,839 feet. The descent covered a distance of 9 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 04R at LFMN Nice-Côte d'Azur Airport was made from the south west, heading 44.0° at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,334 feet above ground level. The landing was made on the runway, which had a length of 2,959 meters. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was also good at 67 knots.

The touchdown distance was good at 340 meters, and the touchdown speed was 56 knots, which was also good. The touchdown rate was smooth at -118 feet per minute. However, the runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 9.2 meters from the centreline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 11°C, with a wind speed of 13 knots at 9°.

The total landing distance was 533 meters, which is 18% of the runway length. The runway rollout alignment was also slightly misaligned by 9.2 meters from the centreline. The total flight distance was 160 nautical miles, and the flight took 106 minutes to complete. The aircraft used 13 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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