Events
Events
Events
Events
MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Keep the approach speed on target
See Arrival Landing
Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 11 stages, 10 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 52 kt with 4.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 68 ft.
Reached 35 ft 720 ft past the runway end.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 1,763 ft runway.
Rolled from 1,778 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 39 ft at the widest, and lifted off 39 ft left, in 11 kn of crosswind from the left. Airborne 104 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 110 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 990 ft left of the centreline at 0.6 nm, then inside the band from 0.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 0.6 nm, where the final began, to 0.4 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +25 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
4 kt across from the left, which takes about 4° of crab to hold the centreline at 59 kt. Touched down with the nose 5° into wind, wings level.
Wind 330° at 13 kt · 12 kt head · 4 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 53 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 4,002 ft of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 49 ft, close to the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,534 ft in, 534 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 4,002 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 610 fpm at 49 ft to 70 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 4.4° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the full 4,002 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down on the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 13 ft left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 1,534 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a departure roll from runway 03 at the 3W2 Put In Bay Airport. The aircraft, a DV20, took off with a takeoff distance of 92 feet, which accounted for 5% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 53 knots, and the local weather conditions at the time were characterized by a temperature of 54 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 13 knots from a direction of 330 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 12 knots and a headwind of 6 knots.
As the aircraft climbed away from the airport, it began its enroute climb, which started overhead the 3W2 Put In Bay Airport. The aircraft climbed from an altitude of 666 feet above sea level to 1,224 feet, an increase of 559 feet, in just 1 minute. During this time, the aircraft covered a distance of 1 nautical mile. Following the climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise, which lasted for 5 minutes and covered a distance of 7 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 36 at KPCW Carl R Keller Field was initiated from the south, with the aircraft heading 358.0 degrees at an altitude of 114 feet above ground level and a distance of 0 nautical miles from the runway. The landing on runway 36 was notable for a threshold speed that was excessively high at 77 knots, but the touchdown distance was good at 1,533 feet. However, the touchdown speed of 59 knots was too fast, and the touchdown rate was excellent at -72 feet per minute.
The runway touchdown alignment was perfect, and the runway rollout alignment was very good. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were the same as those at the time of departure, with a temperature of 54 degrees Fahrenheit and a wind speed of 13 knots from a direction of 330 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 6 knots and a headwind of 12 knots. The total landing distance was 2,187 feet, which accounted for 55% of the runway.
Following the landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area from the runway, taking 2 minutes and covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 9 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 8 minutes. The aircraft used 3 pounds of fuel during the flight.
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