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LIPB
Bolzano, Italy
Runway 19
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight3,146 kg
Fuel201 kg
Wind90° · 0 kn

Flight Score

96.60 %
LOWS
Salzburg, Austria
Runway 33
Elevation1,411 ft asl
Weight3,056 kg
Fuel110 kg
23 May 2023 0:49 122 nm Cessna 414A 91 kg
Departure Score
97.26 %
Enroute Score
98.60 %
Arrival Score
92.78 %

What went well

Touched down at -142 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 51 ft and 97 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 3.99 m off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 26.2 ° at 36 %, −0.85 points
Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 9.31 m at 73 %, −0.81 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 3.0 ° at 67 %, Heading variation 0.2 ° at 88 %, −0.68 points

Top opportunity

Avoid steep turns at low altitude

Departure Climb 3

Below a thousand feet the aeroplane is slow, heavy and close to the ground. A steep turn loses lift, raises the stall speed and flattens the climb just when the gradient matters most. A normal turn on course is a rate one — fifteen degrees or so, twenty-five at the outside, this penalty is to acknowledge when a turn has stopped being a turn and become a manoeuvre.

Read more in Improve Your Take-Offs

Start to finish · 15 stages, 14 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 10 kn0 kn min to max 15 kn 0 10 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 10 knmax 12 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
100 % Beacon, navigation and taxi lights on
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °2.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 3.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Fail Beacon Light OFF should be ON
Fail Navigation Light OFF should be ON
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 12 kt
Departure Roll 99.83Departure roll runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano. Takeoff distance 802 m 65 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 103 kn. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 0 kn at 90 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 802 m65 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 103 knTarget 100 kn
99 % Runway alignment max 1.76 m0.00 m left to 1.76 m right -1.18 -1.65 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.7 ° min to max 5.7 ° 3.5 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light ON should OFF
Departure Climb 1 99.50Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LIPB Bolzano.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 106 kn103 kn min to max 107 kn 103 107 kn
98 % Average bank angle 1.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.6 ° 0.0 2.5 °
99 % Average g force 1.16 g1.02 g min to max 1.27 g 1.07 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 782 ft/m457 ft/m min to max 1,021 ft/m 457 1,021 ft/m
Info Average altitude 17 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 44 ft agl 0 44 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.3 °6.0 ° min to max 11.9 ° 6.0 11.9 °
Departure Climb 2 99.70Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average speed 108 kn107 kn min to max 111 kn 107 111 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.80 g min to max 1.05 g 1.03 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 1,232 ft/m998 ft/m min to max 1,416 ft/m 1,033 998 ft/m
Info Average altitude 128 ft agl52 ft agl min to max 398 ft agl 52 398 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °9.4 ° min to max 13.0 ° 12.0 10.1 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 168 ft agl · 110 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 350 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 350 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 350 ft agl · 112 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 390 ft agl · 113 kt
Departure Climb 3 87.27Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.9 °0.5 ° min to max 1.6 ° 0.5 1.6 °
100 % Average speed 113 kn111 kn min to max 115 kn 111 115 kn
36 % Average bank angle 18.3 °5.9 ° min to max 26.2 ° 5.9 26.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 1.08 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 1,037 ft/m836 ft/m min to max 1,202 ft/m 1,134 836 ft/m
Info Average altitude 482 ft agl429 ft agl min to max 528 ft agl 429 528 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 9.8 °9.0 ° min to max 11.2 ° 11.2 9.0 °

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 491 ft agl · 115 kt
Enroute Climb 96.32Enroute climb started 1 mile north west of Laives (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,327 ft asl to 13,554 ft asl, an increase of 12,227 ft in 9 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
91 % Climb speed 118 kn113 kn min to max 133 knTarget 130 kn 115 133 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.7 °0.0 ° min to max 26.8 ° 26.8 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.13 g 1.13 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,328 ft/m13 ft/m min to max 1,419 ft/m 841 13 ft/m
Info Average altitude 5,368 ft asl1,327 ft asl min to max 13,554 ft asl 1,327 13,554 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 9.9 °3.1 ° min to max 10.3 ° 9.3 3.1 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 12,572 ft agl · 140 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 12,572 ft agl · 140 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile south of San Genesio Atesino (Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy) and lasted 27 minutes, covering 96 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 13,539 ft asl13,524 ft asl min to max 13,557 ft asl 13,557 13,529 ft asl
100 % Average speed 218 kn176 kn min to max 222 kn 176 218 kn
100 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 21.9 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.11 g 1.00 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °0.3 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.6 0.9 °
Enroute Descent 99.49Enroute descent started 4 miles south west of Scheffau am Tennengebirge (Politischer Bezirk Hallein, Salzburg, Austria). Descent from 13,527 ft asl to 3,236 ft asl, a decrease of 10,290 ft in 6 minutes and covering 17 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 205 kn185 kn min to max 221 kn 218 187 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.4 °0.1 ° min to max 32.8 ° 0.2 11.7 °
95 % Average g force 1.06 g0.86 g min to max 1.34 g 1.00 1.17 g
Info Average VSI -1,719 ft/m-3,224 ft/m min to max -18 ft/m -18 -2,368 ft/m
Info Average altitude 8,523 ft asl3,236 ft asl min to max 13,527 ft asl 13,527 3,236 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -3.4 °-7.8 ° min to max 1.1 ° 1.1 -4.8 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 7,851 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 7,851 ft agl · 218 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 5,350 ft agl · 202 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 5,350 ft agl · 202 kt
Arrival 99.77Arrival started 4 miles south west of Scheffau am Tennengebirge (Politischer Bezirk Hallein, Salzburg, Austria).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 120 kn89 kn min to max 176 kn 176 89 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.0 °0.0 ° min to max 30.9 ° 10.2 3.9 °
99 % Average g force 1.04 g0.85 g min to max 1.27 g 1.16 1.08 g
Info Average VSI -663 ft/m-2,127 ft/m min to max -12 ft/m -2,127 -373 ft/m
Info Average altitude 2,439 ft asl1,648 ft asl min to max 3,204 ft asl 3,204 1,648 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-4.1 ° min to max 5.5 ° -4.1 5.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 1,453 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,323 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 480 ft agl · 107 kt
Arrival Final 1 89.85Approaching runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 233 ft agl to 56 ft agl. A decrease of 177 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
67 % Approach angle 3.0 °2.2 ° min to max 3.4 °Target 3.0 ° 2.2 3.4 °
100 % Average speed 96 kn90 kn min to max 98 kn 90 98 kn
88 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 0.2 °
94 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.0 ° min to max 4.3 ° 3.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.04 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -391 ft/m-455 ft/m min to max -199 ft/m -303 -398 ft/m
Info Average altitude 98 ft agl56 ft agl min to max 233 ft agl 233 56 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.8 ° min to max 5.5 ° 4.7 3.1 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 94.03Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg, runway length 2,312 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 98 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 98 kn. Target 100 kn
100 % Target 50 ft agl
77 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.8 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.19 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average speed 95 kn89 kn min to max 98 kn 98 89 kn
Info Average VSI -229 ft/m-402 ft/m min to max 51 ft/m -398 -141 ft/m
Info Average altitude 18 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 52 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.2 °2.9 ° min to max 6.8 ° 3.0 5.2 °
07515022530037545052560067575082501223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 92.11Touchdown point was 286 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 89 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -141 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 6 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 6 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Touchdown VSI was -141 ft/m.
72 % Touchdown distance was 714 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 89 knTarget 87 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 4.00 m3.97 m left 4.00 3.99 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.3 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g1.02 g min to max 1.18 g 1.03 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 88 kn88 kn min to max 89 kn 89 88 kn
Info Average pitch angle 4.7 °3.6 ° min to max 5.4 ° 5.2 3.6 °
Arrival Rollout 87.91Total landing distance 1,165 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.3 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,165 m50 % of runway.
73 % Runway alignment max 9.31 m9.31 m left to 0.00 m left 4.01 6.14 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.99 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average speed 83 kn45 kn min to max 88 kn 88 45 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.0 ° min to max 4.1 ° 3.4 2.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 17 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn8 kn min to max 36 kn 36 10 kn
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °1.5 ° min to max 3.7 ° 1.8 3.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.01 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl · 15 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 12 kn4 kn min to max 14 kn 11 4 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 13 knmax 14 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.7 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.3 1.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights ON should be OFF
Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl · 18 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll621 m · 51 %
100.00Liftoff speed103 kt
99.17Runway alignment1.76 m R
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.50Rate of climb782 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height51 ft
100.00Threshold speed97 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.06 m L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on LOWS 33

Past threshold71.94
714m
Centreline91.45
3.99m L
Speed100.00
88kt
Touchdown rate90.40
-142fpm
Impact100.00
1.18G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

51 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 51 ft, down at 714 m

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,312 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 503 M 714 m past threshold CLEARED

Touched down 714 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,135 m of 2,312 m · 49 %
Rollout distance100.00
422m49 % used
Rollout alignment73.13
9.31m L

The rest of the report

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Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano in the Cessna 414A
97.26 %
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 3 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
100 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 3 2
99.83 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 19 at LIPB Bolzano. Takeoff distance 802 m 65 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 103 kn. Local weather - Temperature 18 °C. Wind 0 kn at 90 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 802 m using 65.34 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 103 kn - Target 100 kn
Alignment
99.17 %
0.00 m left to 1.76 m right
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
110 55 0
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
6 3.5 1
02505007501,000-15-10-5051015 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.5 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 19 LIPB Bolzano.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 105 100
Bank °
98.45 %
3 1.5 0
G
98.86 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
12 9 6
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 500 -100
99.7 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
120 110 100
Bank °
98.82 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
13 11 9
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,500 1,150 800
87.27 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 19 LIPB Bolzano.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
120 115 110
Bank °
36.34 %
27 16 5
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
12 11 9
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,300 1,000 700
02505007501,00004080120160200 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.050.10.150.20.250100200300400500 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.050.10.150.20.25-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg in the Cessna 414A
Landing Score 90.98 %
89.85 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 233 ft agl to 56 ft agl. A decrease of 177 ft in 31 seconds.
Glideslope
67.13 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
88.21 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
67.13 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
98 89 80
Alignment
88.21 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
93.92 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-199 -350 -500
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-50-38-25-13013253850 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
94.03 %
Landing
Landing on runway 33 at LOWS Salzburg, runway length 2,312 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 98 kn.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
100 %
Threshold speed was good at 98 kt. Target 100 kt
Flare
77.06 %
Good landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
97.68 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
98 89 80
Pitch °
Info
7 4.5 2
Descent Rate fpm
Info
51 -224 -500
07515022530037545052560067575082501223354658 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525600675750825-24-20-16-12-8-404812162024 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
92.11 %
Touchdown
Touchdown point was 286 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 89 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was smooth at -141 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.0 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 19 °C. Wind 6 kn at 269 °. Crosswind: 6 kn Headwind: 2 kn.
Touchdown
90.4 %
Touchdown rate was smooth at -142 fpm.
Speed
100 %
Touchdown speed at 89 kt was a little fast. Target below 87 kn
Distance
71.9 %
Touchdown point was 286 m beyond the touchdown zone.
Alignment
91.45 %
Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.0 m from centreline.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 0.2 °
G
100 %
G 1.09 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
87.91 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 1,165 m, 50 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.3 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 1,165 m using 50.38 % of runway
Alignment
73.13 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 9.3 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
88 64 40
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
5 3.5 2
02004006008001,000 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
100 %
Taxi
Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Landing Lights
Switched On
Taxi Lights
Switched Off
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
4 2.5 1
Metrics
Metrics

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