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EDDK
Köln (Cologne), Germany
Runway 31R
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight65,056 kg
Fuel5,376 kg
Wind319° · 5 kn

Flight Score

99.31 %
EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 08L
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight63,149 kg
Fuel3,348 kg
Wind10° · 6 kn · 5 kn cross
12 Nov 2026 0:53 255 nm Airbus A320ceo 2,028 kg
Departure Score
99.79 %
Enroute Score
98.13 %
Arrival Score
100.00 %

What went well

Touched down at -192 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 413 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 42 ft and 132 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Enroute Descent — 250 kt exceeded below 10,000 ft; speed limits at 77 %, −0.62 points
Departure Roll — Takeoff distance 2,905 m at 95 %, −0.07 points

Next time

Slow the descent speed

See Enroute Descent

Below 10,000 ft you are typically limited to 250 kt indicated (a US rule that much of the world mirrors in some form, though not universally). This forces a deceleration around 10,000 ft whether the profile wants one or not, so plan for it rather than discovering it.

Read more in Descent Planning

Start to finish · 17 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 100.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 9 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 24 kt 0 18 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Engine 2 Started 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 9 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 9 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 2 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 19 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 20 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 9 ft agl · 25 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 31R at EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport, Average speed was 24 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 20 kt19 kt min to max 20 kt 19 20 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.4 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 98.95Departure roll runway 31R at EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport. Takeoff distance 2,905 m 76 % of runway. Rotation speed was 140 kt. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 6 kt at 318 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 6 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
95 % Takeoff distance 2,905 m76 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 140 ktTarget 150 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 2.67 m right0.00 m left to 2.67 m right -2.24 -1.59 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.95 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.01 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-1.0 ° min to max 9.1 ° -0.4 9.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 2.2 ° 0.2 2.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 31R EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 158 kt154 kt min to max 160 kt 154 160 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 4.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.8 ° 2.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.01 g min to max 1.17 g 1.01 1.16 g
Info Average VSI 503 fpm91 fpm min to max 1,051 fpm 91 1,051 fpm
Info Average altitude 8 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 0 27 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.3 °9.2 ° min to max 14.8 ° 9.2 14.8 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 31R EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 161 kt161 kt min to max 163 kt 161 163 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 2.8 °0.3 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.3 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.11 g0.94 g min to max 1.16 g 1.16 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 1,583 fpm1,077 fpm min to max 2,550 fpm 1,077 2,550 fpm
Info Average altitude 85 ft agl29 ft agl min to max 348 ft agl 29 348 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.7 °14.9 ° min to max 16.8 ° 14.9 15.8 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 185 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 185 ft agl · 161 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 31R EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 165 kt163 kt min to max 168 ktTarget 164 kt, 1 kt fast 163 168 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 22.5 °0.3 ° min to max 22.5 ° 0.3 22.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.95 g min to max 1.04 g 0.95 1.04 g
100 % Landing gear up at 97 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation 0.7 °0.5 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.5 1.1 °
Info Average VSI 2,575 fpm2,552 fpm min to max 2,598 fpm 2,555 2,584 fpm
Info Average altitude 626 ft agl387 ft agl min to max 874 ft agl 387 874 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.9 °15.7 ° min to max 16.1 ° 15.8 16.1 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile east of Eil (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 1,210 ft asl to 4,446 ft asl, an increase of 3,235 ft in 1 minutes and covering 5 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 204 kt169 kt min to max 248 kt 169 248 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 33.2 °0.2 ° min to max 33.2 ° 23.0 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.82 g min to max 1.21 g 1.04 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 2,100 fpm910 fpm min to max 3,833 fpm 2,632 2,778 fpm
Info Average altitude 2,532 ft asl1,210 ft asl min to max 4,446 ft asl 1,210 4,446 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 10.5 °7.2 ° min to max 16.1 ° 15.9 8.2 °
Info Turn coordination 7-5 min to max 26 11 0

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,489 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 1,562 ft agl · 213 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 3 miles south east of Bergisch Gladbach (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 7 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±739 ft of 4,976 ft asl4,790 ft asl min to max 5,027 ft asl 4,790 5,027 ft asl
100 % Average speed 250 kt250 kt min to max 252 kt 251 252 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.12 g 0.93 1.12 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °3.0 ° min to max 5.1 ° 5.1 4.9 °
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Lindlar (Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany). Climbing from 5,653 ft asl to 30,422 ft asl, an increase of 24,769 ft in 12 minutes and covering 80 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 276 kt248 kt min to max 293 kt 258 292 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 26.7 °0.0 ° min to max 26.7 ° 6.9 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.80 g min to max 1.17 g 1.16 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 2,347 fpm962 fpm min to max 4,451 fpm 3,220 1,186 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,261 ft asl5,653 ft asl min to max 30,422 ft asl 5,653 30,422 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °3.4 ° min to max 11.9 ° 10.3 3.4 °
Info Turn coordination 2-1 min to max 10 4 0

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 5,653 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 8,874 ft agl · 330 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north of Obertshausen (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 6 minutes, covering 49 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,031 ft of 30,983 ft asl30,617 ft asl min to max 31,017 ft asl 30,617 30,986 ft asl
100 % Average speed 277 kt275 kt min to max 292 kt 292 276 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °2.3 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 2.3 °
Enroute Descent 90.64Enroute descent started 2 miles north of Assamstadt (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany). Descent from 30,989 ft asl to 2,829 ft asl, a decrease of 28,160 ft in 18 minutes and covering 105 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
77 % Average speed 242 kt164 kt min to max 312 kt 276 164 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 18.0 °0.0 ° min to max 18.0 ° 0.1 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,175 fpm-3,520 fpm min to max 26 fpm 20 -801 fpm
Info Average altitude 11,768 ft asl2,829 ft asl min to max 31,003 ft asl 30,989 2,829 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-2.4 ° min to max 3.6 ° 2.3 1.3 °
Info Turn coordination -1-9 min to max 0 0 -2

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 9,351 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 8,425 ft agl · 326 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,284 ft agl · 241 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,906 ft agl · 212 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 1,814 ft agl · 209 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 1,760 ft agl · 208 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 1,578 ft agl · 186 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,396 ft agl · 178 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport. Descent from 1,403 ft agl to 75 ft agl in 96 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates

Events

Info Flaps Position 5 916 ft agl · 157 kt
Arrival Landing 100.00Landing on runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport, runway length 4,065 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 133 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 133 kt. Target 137 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
100 % Perfect landing flare
100 % Runway alignment max 4.17 m right3.55 m right to 4.17 m right -3.55 -4.17 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.6 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.10 g1.00 g min to max 1.10 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average speed 130 kt126 kt min to max 133 kt 133 126 kt
Info Average VSI -501 fpm-678 fpm min to max -238 fpm -678 -238 fpm
Info Average altitude 14 ft agl-8 ft agl min to max 43 ft agl 43 -8 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °4.9 ° min to max 8.1 ° 4.9 6.7 °
07515022530037545001123344557Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 100.00Touchdown distance was good at 413 m. Touchdown speed at 126 kt was good. Touchdown rate was good at -192 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 4.2 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 10 °C. Wind 6 kt at 10 °. Crosswind: 6 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -192 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 413 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 126 ktTarget below 129 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 4.17 m right4.03 m right -4.17 -3.79 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.1 0.8 °
100 % Peak g force 1.21 g0.96 g min to max 1.21 g 1.02 1.17 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 126 kt126 kt min to max 126 kt 126 126 kt
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °6.7 ° min to max 7.1 ° 6.7 7.1 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,201 m, 30 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was very good.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,201 m30 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 4.17 m left4.17 m left to 0.16 m right -0.16 4.17 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 0.99 g
Info Average speed 107 kt65 kt min to max 128 kt 128 65 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.0 °-1.3 ° min to max 9.5 ° 7.2 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.8 0.1 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 37 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 38 kt27 kt min to max 64 kt 64 27 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-1.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° -1.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 8 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 26 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 14 kt0 kt min to max 22 kt 22 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 12 ktmax 13 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.4 ° -0.8 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 8 ft agl · 17 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 9 ft agl · 15 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 9 ft agl · 16 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 9 ft agl · 6 kt

Takeoff from EDDK 31R

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed100.00
24kt peak

The roll

Takeoff roll94.78
2,905m76 %
Runway alignment100.00
2.67m R
Rotation speed100.00
140kttarget 150, 10 early

Rotated early

The nose came up at 140 kt, 10 kt before the 150 kt rotate speed.

The rotate speed is set for the weight and the flap, and the nose should not start up before it. Lifting it early brings the aircraft to its liftoff attitude with less speed in hand, and on a long fuselage that is the tail-strike case. Keep the hands still until the speed is there, then make one smooth, continuous pull.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
154ktat 9.2°
Rotation
2.1°/sover 4.7 s, gaining 14 kt
35 ft
161ktat 15.3°, 4.1 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
4.8°steepest
Gear up100.00
97ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
165kttarget 164

Plan view the roll down the 3,808 m runway.

Rolled from 1,431 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 2.2 m at the widest, and lifted off 1.3 m right. Airborne 77 % of the way down the runway, past the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 2.20 m RROLL 1,431 M INAirborne 2,910 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 2,910 m of 3,808 m · 76 %
Behind the start of the roll, 1,431 mTakeoff roll, 1,479 m Left ahead, 897 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 874 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 574 m of runway left; gear up at 97 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,070 fpm on average to 874 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3165 kt avgtarget 164THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 349 m · 4.7 sRotate 140 kttarget 150Liftoff 154 ktGear up 97 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 164180 kt12060020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 349 m · 4.7 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 150held 15.9°9.2° off · 2.1°/s15° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 2.1 to 2.9° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A320ceo pilots over the last 180 days (237 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one. The red dashed line is 11.7°, the pitch at which this aircraft's tail touches the runway with the wheels still on it, drawn from rotation to liftoff only: once the wheels leave, every foot climbed adds tail clearance.

20°10°0°3°/s2.9°/s2.1°/s2°/sTAIL STRIKE 11.7°ROTATELIFTOFF35 FT9.2° off · 2.1°/s15° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began2.1 to 2.9°/s, other Airbus A320ceo pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersTail strikeNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate860 fpm850 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.0°
On centreline0.2° off0.0° off
On speed+18 kt+0.7 kt
Wings level2° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDM 08L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 60 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3727063542191,000 ft gate7 of 71,062 ft · 155 kt500 ft gate7 of 7544 ft · 138 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 18× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 20 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR52 m L052 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND3 m R20 m L5 m R5 m L18 m R4 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between −4 kt and +29 kt on the approach speed of 137 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 137+29 kt+2 kt+1 kt−0 kt−4 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDM 08L

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
42ft
Threshold speed100.00
132kttarget 137, 5 slow
Centreline offset100.00
4.17m R
Bank100.00
1.3°steepest
Flare100.00

Perfect landing flare

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
413m
Centreline100.00
4.17m R
Speed100.00
126kttarget 129 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-192fpm
Impact100.00
1.21G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.8°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
754m29 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
4.17m L

Taxi in

LightsOk
All set
Taxi speed100.00
22kt peak12 kt in turns

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 42 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 25 ft. Touched down 413 m in, 108 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

42 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 25 ft · −555 fpm · 5.1° · 132 ktdescent slowed at 3 ft · −188 fpm · 7.2°−192 fpm · 6.7° nose up · 126 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 42 ft, down at 413 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 560 fpm at the flare to 190 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.6° on the way down. Into the flare at 132 kt, 5 kt under the 137 kt approach speed, and 126 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−192 fpm at touchdown6.7° at touchdown, +1.5° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 4,065 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 3.8 m right of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.2 m right at the widest. 5 kt across from the left, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 126 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° into wind, wings level.

Wind 010° at 6 kt · 2 kt head · 5 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 5 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 413 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 413 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,167 m of 4,065 m · 29 %
In the air over the runway, 413 mRollout, 754 m Left over, 2,898 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 129 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 37 s, an average deceleration of 0.14 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 809 m30 kt · 1,237 mtouchdown1,286 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A320-ceo taxied from the parking area to runway 31R at EDDK Cologne Bonn Airport in 9 minutes, covering 2 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 31R with a take-off distance of 2,905 m (76 % of runway). Rotation occurred at 140 kt. Local weather was 7 °C, wind 6 kt from 318°, with a 0 kt crosswind and a 6 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl lasted 22 seconds, averaging 1,932 fpm and reaching 168 kt at the top.

Climb continued from 1,210 ft asl to 30,422 ft asl in 15 minutes, covering 91 nm. The climb started 1 mile east of Eil and included a brief level-off at 5,000 ft asl.

Level flight was held at 31,000 ft asl for 6 minutes, covering 49 nm, beginning 1 mile north of Obertshausen.

Descent from 30,989 ft asl to 2,829 ft asl took 18 minutes and covered 105 nm, starting 2 miles north of Assamstadt.

Final approach to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport began with a descent from 1,403 ft agl to 75 ft agl in 96 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration was landing gear down at 1,814 ft agl, 209 kt; final flap position 5 at 916 ft agl, 157 kt.

Landing was made on runway 08L (runway length 4,065 m). Threshold height was good and threshold speed was 133 kt. The flare was described as perfect. Touchdown occurred at 126 kt with a rate of minus 192 fpm; touchdown distance was 413 m, considered good. The touchdown point was slightly misaligned by 4.2 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 1,201 m (30 % of runway) and rollout alignment was very good. Local weather was 10 °C, wind 6 kt from 010°, with a 6 kt crosswind and a 2 kt headwind.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to the parking area in 4 minutes, covering less than 1 nm.

The flight covered a total of 255 nm in 53 minutes and used 2,028 kg of fuel.

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