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EDDF
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Runway 25C
Elevation338 ft asl
Weight991 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind220° · 10 kn · 5 kn cross

Flight Score

90.35 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight984 kg
Fuel63 kg
Wind251° · 9 kn · 9 kn cross
16 Nov 2024 0:17 29 nm Cessna Skyhawk 7 kg
Departure Score
95.04 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
76.01 %

What went well

Touched down at -334 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 450 m in — inside the full-score zone
1.37 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Landing and flare profile at 0 %, bank angle up to 18.3 ° at 58 %, −3.43 points
Arrival Final 1 — Approach angle 4.4 ° at 0 %, bank angle up to 26.2 ° at 38 %, −2.86 points
Departure Roll — Liftoff speed was 80 kn at 57 %, −0.86 points

Top opportunity

Work on the flare

Arrival Landing

Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 13 stages, 12 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 89.67Departure roll runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 140 m 4 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kn. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 10 kn at 219 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 8 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 140 m4 % of runway
57 % Liftoff speed was 80 knTarget 62 kn
91 % Runway alignment max 5.48 m5.48 m left to 0.00 m left 5.48 1.46 m
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.20 g 0.98 1.20 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °0.4 ° min to max 6.1 ° 0.4 6.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.2 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.2 0.7 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl · 76 kt
Departure Climb 1 99.80Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.0 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn80 kn min to max 87 kn 80 87 kn
99 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.6 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.21 g 1.20 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 503 ft/m346 ft/m min to max 563 ft/m 346 563 ft/m
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 49 ft agl 1 49 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.6 °5.9 ° min to max 6.9 ° 6.1 6.4 °
Departure Climb 2 97.51Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 92 kn87 kn min to max 102 kn 87 102 kn
90 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 5.8 ° 0.2 4.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.90 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 0.92 g
Info Average VSI 625 ft/m518 ft/m min to max 814 ft/m 563 518 ft/m
Info Average altitude 115 ft agl49 ft agl min to max 389 ft agl 49 389 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.4 °3.9 ° min to max 7.3 ° 6.4 3.9 °
Departure Climb 3 93.17Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -1.7 °-2.6 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.5 -0.8 °
100 % Average speed 106 kn103 kn min to max 109 kn 103 108 kn
66 % Average bank angle 5.8 °0.1 ° min to max 15.0 ° 2.3 8.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.03 g 1.03 1.01 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 677 ft/m428 ft/m min to max 865 ft/m 428 839 ft/m
Info Average altitude 584 ft agl395 ft agl min to max 810 ft agl 395 810 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °4.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 4.4 5.4 °
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 2 miles south of Kelsterbach (Hessen, Germany). Climbing from 1,173 ft asl to 1,387 ft asl, an increase of 214 ft in 1 minutes and covering 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 107 kn103 kn min to max 112 kn 108 109 kn
100 % Average bank angle 8.0 °0.3 ° min to max 16.3 ° 7.6 16.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.06 g 1.01 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 293 ft/m-208 ft/m min to max 849 ft/m 840 28 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,315 ft asl1,173 ft asl min to max 1,388 ft asl 1,173 1,387 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °-0.2 ° min to max 5.8 ° 5.6 1.4 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 1 mile north east of Raunheim (Hessen, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average altitude 1,604 ft asl1,388 ft asl min to max 1,846 ft asl 1,388 1,846 ft asl
100 % Average speed 108 kn105 kn min to max 112 kn 109 106 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.2 °0.0 ° min to max 19.0 ° 16.7 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.08 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.8 ° min to max 3.6 ° 1.2 2.8 °
Arrival 58.86Arrival started 1 mile north east of Raunheim (Hessen, Germany).
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kn90 kn min to max 113 kn 106 93 kn
0 % Average bank angle 3.9 °0.0 ° min to max 55.8 ° 1.3 4.7 °
94 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.70 g 1.00 1.10 g
Info Average VSI -140 ft/m-1,094 ft/m min to max 460 ft/m 236 -411 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,830 ft asl804 ft asl min to max 2,735 ft asl 1,849 804 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-4.0 ° min to max 4.6 ° 2.9 2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Arrival Final 2 98.31Approaching runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 405 ft agl to 396 ft agl. A decrease of 9 ft in 5 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.5 °3.3 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.0 ° 3.3 3.6 °
100 % Average speed 91 kn89 kn min to max 92 kn 92 89 kn
87 % Heading variation -2.7 °-3.6 ° min to max -1.4 ° -3.6 -1.4 °
98 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.8 1.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 0.96 g
Info Average VSI -137 ft/m-235 ft/m min to max -43 ft/m -235 -181 ft/m
Info Average altitude 401 ft agl396 ft agl min to max 405 ft agl 405 396 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °1.7 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.8 1.7 °
11.251.51.752300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-230-173-115-58058115173230Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 57.12Approaching runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 388 ft agl to 85 ft agl. A decrease of 303 ft in 35 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0.4 % Approach angle 4.4 °3.7 ° min to max 5.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.7 5.0 °
100 % Average speed 82 kn78 kn min to max 88 kn 88 78 kn
47 % Heading variation 0.4 °-0.4 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.2 0.1 °
38 % Average bank angle 6.1 °0.1 ° min to max 26.2 ° 9.4 12.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.79 g min to max 1.10 g 1.07 1.03 g
Info Average VSI -438 ft/m-908 ft/m min to max 66 ft/m -210 -331 ft/m
Info Average altitude 187 ft agl85 ft agl min to max 390 ft agl 388 85 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-4.3 ° min to max 4.3 ° 3.0 1.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 129 ft agl · 88 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 48.51Landing on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,230 m. Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was too high at 78 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
71 % Threshold speed was too high at 78 kn. Target 63 kn
45 % Target 50 ft agl
0 % Landing and flare profile
86 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.7 °
58 % Average bank angle 5.5 °0.0 ° min to max 18.3 ° 14.0 5.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.93 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 0.96 g
Info Average speed 70 kn61 kn min to max 78 kn 78 61 kn
Info Average VSI -401 ft/m-471 ft/m min to max -326 ft/m -327 -334 ft/m
Info Average altitude 37 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 80 ft agl 80 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.3 °-0.6 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.2 2.9 °
07515022530037545052501632476379Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225300375450525-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 88.12Touchdown distance was good at 443 m. Touchdown speed at 61 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -334 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 9 kn at 251 °. Crosswind: 9 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
92 % Touchdown VSI was -334 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 443 mTarget 457 m
85 % Speed at touchdown 61 knTarget 53 kn
73 % Runway alignment max 10.41 m10.14 m left 9.54 10.41 m
45 % Average bank angle 6.2 °5.4 ° min to max 6.7 ° 5.4 6.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g0.96 g min to max 1.37 g 0.96 1.02 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 61 kn61 kn min to max 61 kn 61 61 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-2.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 -2.0 °
Arrival Rollout 88.00Total landing distance 859 m, 70 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 859 m70 % of runway.
73 % Runway alignment max 16.59 m10.37 m left to 6.23 m right 10.37 -2.98 m
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.91 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 1.00 g
Info Average speed 57 kn34 kn min to max 63 kn 63 34 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-4.6 ° min to max 1.1 ° -2.3 -0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 2.9 °0.0 ° min to max 8.4 ° 6.9 0.3 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 9 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 17 kn4 kn min to max 29 kn 29 4 kn
Info Average pitch angle -0.7 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.6 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

100.00Takeoff roll140 m · 4 %
57.21Liftoff speed79 kt
91.13Runway alignment5.48 m L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
99.80Rate of climb503 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

45.16Threshold height79 ft
71.09Threshold speed77 kt
86.40Centreline offset0.26 m R

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on EDFB 18

Past threshold100.00
450m
Centreline73.17
10.41m L
Speed84.58
61kt
Touchdown rate91.92
-334fpm
Impact100.00
1.37G
BouncesOk
None

Side view — the last 1,230 m of the approach.

79 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 79 ft, down at 450 m

Plan view — the full 1,230 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

5001,000 THRESHOLD CROSS 7 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 450 m past threshold CLEARED

The 450 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 845 m of 1,230 m · 69 %
Rollout distance100.00
396m68 % used
Rollout alignment73.32
10.37m L

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight in the Cessna Skyhawk started with a departure roll on runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. The takeoff distance was 140 m, which accounted for 4% of the total runway length. The liftoff speed was 80 knots. The local weather at the time of departure was 7°C with a 10 knot wind coming from 219°, resulting in a crosswind of 5 knots and a headwind of 8 knots.

The enroute climb began 2 miles south of Kelsterbach in Hessen, Germany. The aircraft climbed from 1,173 ft above sea level to 1,387 ft, gaining an altitude of 214 ft in 1 minute and covering a distance of 1 nautical mile.

After reaching the cruise altitude, the enroute level cruise commenced 1 mile northeast of Raunheim, lasting 2 minutes and covering a distance of 4 nm.

The landing took place on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, which had a runway length of 1,230 m. The aircraft approached the runway with a height of 80 ft above ground level and a speed of 78 knots at the threshold. The touchdown occurred 443 m from the threshold at a speed of 61 knots, with a Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) reading of -334 ft/min. The local weather at the time of landing was 6°C with a 9 knot wind coming from 251°, resulting in a crosswind of 9 knots and a headwind of 3 knots. The total landing distance was 859 m, which accounted for 70% of the runway length.

Overall, the flight covered a distance of 29 nm, took 19 minutes to complete, and consumed 7 kg of fuel.

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport in the Cessna Skyhawk
95.04 %
89.67 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 25C at EDDF Frankfurt Airport. Takeoff distance 140 m 4 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 80 kn. Local weather - Temperature 7 °C. Wind 10 kn at 219 °. Crosswind: 5 kn Headwind: 8 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 140 m using 3.51 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
57.21 %
Liftoff speed was 80 kn - Target 62 kn
Alignment
91.13 %
5.48 m left to 0.00 m left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
80 70 60
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
7 3.5 0
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,750-30-25-20-15-10-5051015202530 Runway Distance m Runway Alignment to End of Runway m
99.8 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 85 80
Bank °
99.21 %
3 1.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
7 6 5
Climb Rate fpm
Info
600 250 -100
97.51 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 95 80
Bank °
90.05 %
6 3 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
8 5.5 3
Climb Rate fpm
Info
900 650 400
93.17 %
Climb 3
Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 25C EDDF Frankfurt Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
110 105 100
Bank °
65.87 %
15 7.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
7 5.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
900 600 300
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2502,5002,7503,0003,2503,5003,750094188282376470 Runway Distance m Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50100200300400500600700800 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.5-60-48-36-24-1201224364860 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment (in m) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield in the Cessna Skyhawk
Landing Score 70.44 %
Landing Summary

First and foremost, it is important to acknowledge that landing an aircraft is a challenging task that requires a high level of skill and precision. It is commendable that the aircraft was able to land safely despite the issues encountered during the landing score evaluation.

In reviewing the specific areas of concern during the approach phase, it is clear that there was room for improvement in the descent path, heading alignment, and speed control. It is crucial for pilots to maintain a smooth descent path within the glideslope limits, align the aircraft with the runway heading, and manage the speed appropriately to ensure a successful landing.

Moving on to the landing phase, there were significant issues with the threshold height, landing flare, heading, and bank angle stability. These factors are critical in ensuring a smooth touchdown and rollout on the runway. It is essential for pilots to have a clear understanding of the aircraft's position, attitude, and speed during the final approach and landing phases to achieve a successful touchdown.

In the touchdown phase, the hard touchdown rate, excessive speed, and touchdown distance inside the designated zone are indicators of a less than ideal landing. Proper flare technique, speed management, and precise touchdown point are essential for a safe and smooth landing.

Additionally, the runway alignment during the rollout phase being off by 10.4 meters from the centerline is a clear indication of the need for improved lateral control during the landing phase.

Overall, while the landing score of 70.4% indicates room for improvement, it is important to view this evaluation as a learning opportunity. By identifying and addressing the specific areas of concern highlighted in the analysis, pilots can work towards improving their landing techniques and achieving higher scores in future evaluations. Continued practice, feedback, and self-assessment are key to mastering the art of landing an aircraft with precision and skill.

98.31 %
Final 2
Approaching runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 405 ft agl to 396 ft agl. A decrease of 9 ft in 5 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
87.31 %
Great heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
92 86 80
Alignment
87.31 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
97.92 %
4 2 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-43 -172 -300
11.251.51.752300350400 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
11.251.51.752-230-173-115-58058115173230 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
57.12 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 388 ft agl to 85 ft agl. A decrease of 303 ft in 35 seconds.
Glideslope
0.39 %
Poor descent path above glideslope limit
Heading
47.2 %
Poor heading alignment
Glideslope °
0.39 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
88 79 70
Alignment
47.2 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
38.02 %
27 14 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
67 -467 -1,000
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-90-68-45-23023456890 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment m
48.51 %
Landing
Landing on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,230 m. Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was too high at 78 kn.
Height
45.16 %
Threshold height at 80 ft agl was well above target. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
71.09 %
Threshold speed was too high at 78 kt. Target 63 kt
Flare
0 %
Very poor landing flare
Centreline ft
86.4 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
58.13 %
19 9.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
78 69 60
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-326 -413 -500
07515022530037545052501632476379 Runway Distance m Landing Height ft
075150225300375450525-15-12-9-6-303691215 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
88.12 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 443 m. Touchdown speed at 61 knwas fast. Touchdown rate was firm at -334 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 6 °C. Wind 9 kn at 251 °. Crosswind: 9 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
Touchdown
91.92 %
Touchdown rate was firm at -334 fpm.
Speed
84.58 %
Touchdown speed at 61 kt was fast. Target below 53 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 443 m.
Alignment
73.17 %
Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline.
Bank
45.07 %
Bank angle 6.2 °
G
100 %
G 1.15 g
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
88 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 859 m, 70 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 859 m using 69.88 % of runway
Alignment
73.32 %
Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 10.4 m from centreline.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
61 40 20
Bank °
Info
9 4.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 -1 -4
0200400600800 Runway Distance m Runway Width m
Metrics
Metrics

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