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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Rotate the moment the speed tape reaches 130 kt, not after it.
What happened: Rotation was held until 139 kt, 9 kt past the 130 kt rotation target. Carrying that much extra speed into rotation usually adds unwanted energy right at liftoff.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against the 130 kt rotation target.
Arrival
Reduce power on approach to bring speed back to 109 kt; correcting it early stops it carrying to the threshold and beyond.
What happened: The approach ran fast on speed, and that excess was still present at the threshold, crossing at 131 kt against a target of 109 kt; carrying that much extra speed usually carries the touchdown long.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator against 109 kt on approach, and threshold speed against 109 kt at the threshold.
Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.
Read more in The Stabilised ApproachStart to finish · 19 stages, 17 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 139 kt with 6.4° of pitch. Climb 3 held close to its 188 kt target, at 192 kt on average.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 927 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 1,032 m of runway left; gear up at 16 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,750 fpm on average to 927 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 2,131 m runway.
Rolled from 75 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 6.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 7.1 m right, in 9 kn of crosswind from the right. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.
At the 1,000 ft gate: gear still up and speed more than 27 kt above the approach speed of 109 kt.
At the 500 ft gate: speed more than 16 kt above the approach speed of 109 kt.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: fast all the way and gear up until 2.8 nm.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 20 ft below the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 52× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 6 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Fast from 4 nm to the threshold (up to +66 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
The flare tracked the target profile exactly. Crossing the threshold 22 kt above target, the aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 626 m past the threshold. The flare cannot burn off excess energy - fix the approach speed and the float goes with it.
3 kt across from the left, which takes about 1° of crab to hold the centreline at 120 kt. Touched down with the nose 2° into wind, wings level.
Wind 230° at 5 kt · 4 kt head · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 121 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 37 s, an average deceleration of 0.13 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,642 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 50 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 21 ft. Touched down 626 m in, 321 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,642 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 500 fpm at the flare to 160 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 0.6° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,642 m of the 3,043 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.5 m left of the centreline and drifted to 6.9 m left on the rollout, back to 2.9 m left by the end.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 626 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna Citation Longitude taxied from the parking area to runway 13 at KLGA LaGuardia Airport. The taxi-out required 5 minutes and covered 1 nm.
The aircraft commenced the departure roll on runway 13 at KLGA. Takeoff distance measured 840 m, 39 % of the runway, and liftoff occurred at 140 kt. Ambient conditions were 29 °C with wind from 159° at 17 kt, including a 10 kt crosswind component and a 13 kt headwind.
Climb began overhead East Elmhurst, New York, with altitude increasing from 1,012 ft asl to 3,090 ft asl, a gain of 2,078 ft in 1 minute while covering 4 nm.
A level cruise segment started 1 mile southeast of Bayside, New York, lasting 2 minutes and traversing 7 nm.
Descent commenced over the 6N6 Evers Seaplane Base, New York, descending from 3,073 ft asl to 74 ft asl, a loss of 2,999 ft in 2 minutes and covering 5 nm.
The aircraft then climbed again over KLGA LaGuardia Airport, rising from 75 ft asl to 18,282 ft asl, an increase of 18,208 ft in 6 minutes while covering 30 nm.
A prolonged cruise segment originated over Society Hill, New Jersey, lasting 96 minutes and covering 687 nm.
Descent resumed 2 miles northeast of Susan Moore, Alabama, dropping from 18,729 ft asl to 3,362 ft asl, a decrease of 15,367 ft in 12 minutes and covering 89 nm.
A subsequent cruise segment began 1 mile southwest of Powder Springs, Georgia, lasting 6 minutes and covering 40 nm.
The final approach to runway 26L at KATL Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport was executed from the east, on a heading of 270.0°, at 4 nm and 1,239 ft agl.
Landing on runway 26L, which is 3,043 m long, occurred with a threshold speed of 131 kt. Touchdown was recorded 203 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 120 kt, with a smooth touchdown rate of minus 124 fpm and very good alignment. Local weather was 28 °C with wind from 230° at 4 kt, including a 3 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind. Total landing distance measured 1,554 m, 51 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was very good.
After rollout, the aircraft taxied to the parking area, a movement that took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
Overall, the flight covered a total distance of 869 nm, required 132 and used 3,474 kg of fuel.
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