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KOQU
North Kingstown, United States
Runway 34
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight176,377 lbs
Fuel53,275 lbs
Wind320° · 13 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

80.84 %
KOQU
North Kingstown, United States
Runway 34
Elevation16 ft asl
Weight171,890 lbs
Fuel69,444 lbs
Wind320° · 12 kn · 1 kn cross
26 Jul 2024 0:11 12 nm Avro Vulcan B2
Departure Score
95.00 %
Pattern Score
54.80 %
Arrival Score
92.98 %

What went well

Touched down at -172 fpm — a soft arrival
Threshold crossed at 26 ft and 141 kt — both inside band
Straight touchdown — 1.8 ft off the centreline, no bounce

What held you back

Pattern Final Turn — GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 46.7 ° at 18 %, −3.92 points
Pattern Entry — bounce on liftoff, then GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 160.3 ° at 46 %, −3.42 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 78.6 ° at 0 %, −3.09 points
Arrival Final 1 — GPWS warning; speed limits at 0 %, bank angle up to 11.4 ° at 77 %, −1.63 points

Next time

Hold the approach speed

See Arrival Final 1

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 19 stages, 15 in the score

The flight story

The approach before the go-around was abandoned. Its marks are shown, but only the approach that landed counts.

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State, Average speed was 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 95.00Departure roll runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State. Takeoff distance 0 ft 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 147 kn. Local weather - Temperature 68 °F. Wind 13 kn at 320 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 13 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 ft0 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 147 knTarget 150 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 9.3 ft9.3 ft left to 0.0 ft left 3.7 6.3 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 2.1 °0.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 0.1 7.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Fail Strobe Lights
Info Parking Brake Off 13 ft agl · 8 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 34 KOQU Quonset State.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.1 -0.0 °
100 % Average speed 152 kn147 kn min to max 156 kn 147 156 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.18 g0.97 g min to max 1.30 g 0.97 1.15 g
Info Average VSI 434 ft/m58 ft/m min to max 1,018 ft/m 58 1,018 ft/m
Info Average altitude 12 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 35 ft agl 0 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.6 °7.9 ° min to max 12.8 ° 7.9 12.8 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 17 ft agl · 151 kt
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 34 KOQU Quonset State.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 160 kn156 kn min to max 169 kn 156 169 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.0 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.94 g min to max 1.14 g 1.14 0.94 g
Info Average VSI 1,459 ft/m1,039 ft/m min to max 2,099 ft/m 1,039 2,099 ft/m
Info Average altitude 76 ft agl36 ft agl min to max 226 ft agl 36 226 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 12.8 °12.3 ° min to max 12.9 ° 12.8 12.5 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 102 ft agl · 165 kt
Pattern Entry 28.28Right hand pattern entry from runway 34 KOQU Quonset State. Distance was less than 1 nm in 85 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 220 kn174 kn min to max 238 kn 174 206 kn
46 % Average bank angle 41.8 °1.9 ° min to max 160.2 ° 13.6 59.7 °
77 % Average g force 1.23 g-0.30 g min to max 2.29 g 0.84 1.70 g
Info Average VSI 742 ft/m-4,371 ft/m min to max 3,174 ft/m 2,030 3,174 ft/m
Info Average altitude 733 ft agl271 ft agl min to max 1,348 ft agl 271 1,348 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.2 °-4.1 ° min to max 16.3 ° 13.0 15.5 °

Events

Fail Bounce during liftoff 389 ft agl · 187 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 800 ft agl · 209 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 750 ft agl · 237 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 389 ft agl · 187 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 598 ft agl · 211 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 546 ft agl · 219 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 494 ft agl · 235 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 725 ft agl · 235 kt
Pattern Crosswind 97.66Right hand pattern crosswind from runway 34 KOQU Quonset State. Distance was less than 1 nm in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading -0.2 °-12.1 ° min to max 14.3 ° -12.1 14.3 °
100 % Average speed 206 kn204 kn min to max 210 kn 204 210 kn
77 % Average g force 1.23 g0.99 g min to max 1.66 g 1.66 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 1,906 ft/m-239 ft/m min to max 3,177 ft/m 3,177 -239 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,504 ft agl1,402 ft agl min to max 1,554 ft agl 1,402 1,542 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 67.3 °60.9 ° min to max 71.2 ° 60.9 69.6 °
Info Average pitch angle 10.8 °3.2 ° min to max 15.7 ° 15.7 3.2 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 44.45Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 4 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 20.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
21 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 20.3 °.
100 % Average speed 219 kn212 kn min to max 224 kn 212 224 kn
0 % Average bank angle 57.4 °44.6 ° min to max 66.3 ° 66.3 44.6 °
81 % Average g force 1.85 g1.37 g min to max 2.18 g 1.37 1.96 g
Info Average VSI -1,679 ft/m-2,101 ft/m min to max -1,124 ft/m -1,124 -1,223 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,417 ft agl1,338 ft agl min to max 1,516 ft agl 1,516 1,338 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °0.2 ° min to max 5.0 ° 1.5 5.0 °
Pattern Downwind 68.69Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 36 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.9 °-15.0 ° min to max 17.8 ° -15.0 17.8 °
100 % Average altitude 951 ft agl285 ft agl min to max 1,396 ft agl 1,335 285 ft agl
0 % Average speed 282 kn224 kn min to max 332 kn 224 332 kn
87 % Average g force 1.07 g0.67 g min to max 1.96 g 1.96 1.28 g
Info Average VSI -1,677 ft/m-2,854 ft/m min to max 1,018 ft/m -504 -1,633 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 17.8 °1.2 ° min to max 46.9 ° 42.7 29.9 °
Info Average pitch angle -1.9 °-5.2 ° min to max 8.1 ° 7.0 -1.3 °

Events

Fail Exceeded 250 kn below 10000 ft 1,292 ft agl
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 931 ft agl · 301 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 35.14Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 53.1 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 53.1 °.
0 % Average speed 208 kn148 kn min to max 334 kn 333 188 kn
0 % Average bank angle 19.4 °0.3 ° min to max 78.6 ° 29.2 34.8 °
89 % Average g force 1.04 g0.22 g min to max 1.89 g 1.29 1.32 g
Info Average VSI 208 ft/m-1,672 ft/m min to max 2,831 ft/m -1,418 -458 ft/m
Info Average altitude 324 ft agl143 ft agl min to max 687 ft agl 263 543 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.4 °-1.1 ° min to max 27.0 ° -1.0 7.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Pattern Downwind 931 ft agl · 301 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 224 ft agl · 259 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 315 ft agl · 185 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 678 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 224 ft agl · 334 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 214 ft agl · 309 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 174 ft agl · 224 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 190 ft agl · 216 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 303 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 303 ft agl · 180 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 454 ft agl · 160 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 499 ft agl · 157 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 613 ft agl · 152 kt
Pattern Base Leg 91.76Pattern Base Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 8 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
82 % Heading -7.7 °-20.7 ° min to max 9.4 ° -20.7 9.4 °
100 % Average speed 182 kn172 kn min to max 189 kn 189 172 kn
99.7 % Average g force 1.31 g1.06 g min to max 1.51 g 1.35 1.06 g
Info Average altitude 621 ft agl544 ft agl min to max 723 ft agl 544 723 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 39.0 °33.9 ° min to max 42.4 ° 33.9 42.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 12.4 °8.1 ° min to max 15.8 ° 8.1 13.5 °

Events

Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 569 ft agl · 191 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 626 ft agl · 186 kt
Pattern Final Turn 17.64Pattern Final Turn. Distance was 2 nm in 49 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 174 kn158 kn min to max 186 kn 168 177 kn
18 % Average bank angle 32.8 °0.6 ° min to max 46.7 ° 44.1 20.0 °
95 % Average g force 1.12 g0.53 g min to max 1.68 g 1.27 0.91 g
Info Average VSI -790 ft/m-2,801 ft/m min to max 1,619 ft/m 1,619 -928 ft/m
Info Average altitude 391 ft agl73 ft agl min to max 824 ft agl 750 73 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °-2.3 ° min to max 14.8 ° 14.8 4.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 832 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 840 ft agl · 161 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 838 ft agl · 162 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 804 ft agl · 163 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 787 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 740 ft agl · 165 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 700 ft agl · 170 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 268 ft agl · 184 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 196 ft agl · 182 kt
Arrival Final 1 91.45Not counted in the flight scoreApproaching runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 72 ft agl to 39 ft agl. A decrease of 33 ft in 3 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.3 °2.1 ° min to max 2.5 °Target 3.0 ° 2.3 2.5 °
100 % Average speed 173 kn170 kn min to max 178 kn 177 170 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
57 % Average bank angle 7.3 °0.2 ° min to max 18.9 ° 18.9 6.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.09 g0.74 g min to max 1.27 g 0.94 1.13 g
Info Average VSI -709 ft/m-940 ft/m min to max -442 ft/m -933 -464 ft/m
Info Average altitude 53 ft agl39 ft agl min to max 72 ft agl 72 39 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.9 °4.6 ° min to max 7.2 ° 4.9 5.9 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Pattern Final Turn 832 ft agl · 162 kt
Go-around Go-Around runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State at 39 ft agl.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Average speed 165 kn134 kn min to max 217 kn 170 140 kn
58 % Average bank angle 8.4 °0.0 ° min to max 60.9 ° 6.6 11.3 °
93 % Average g force 1.05 g0.68 g min to max 1.74 g 1.15 0.95 g
Info Average altitude 264 ft agl15 ft agl min to max 1,142 ft agl 39 255 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 15.6 ° 5.9 5.6 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Pattern Final Turn 832 ft agl · 162 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 34 ft agl · 162 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 22 ft agl · 154 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 998 ft agl · 210 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 993 ft agl · 215 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 476 ft agl · 145 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 38 ft agl · 162 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 27 ft agl · 158 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 20 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 45 ft agl · 149 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 990 ft agl · 213 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 971 ft agl · 214 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 855 ft agl · 198 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 793 ft agl · 196 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 772 ft agl · 197 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 646 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 639 ft agl · 164 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 504 ft agl · 147 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 331 ft agl · 143 kt
Arrival Final 1 75.50Approaching runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 241 ft agl to 35 ft agl. A decrease of 206 ft in 15 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.3 °2.2 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 2.3 °
0 % Average speed 144 kn142 kn min to max 146 kn 144 142 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.4 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.4 -0.0 °
77 % Average bank angle 4.6 °0.2 ° min to max 11.4 ° 11.4 3.2 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.88 g min to max 1.14 g 0.91 0.88 g
Info Average VSI -566 ft/m-1,136 ft/m min to max -461 ft/m -806 -516 ft/m
Info Average altitude 71 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 241 ft agl 241 35 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.9 °4.4 ° min to max 8.2 ° 4.8 7.2 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Go-around 476 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Stall Warning Activated 125 ft agl · 145 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 111 ft agl · 146 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-130-98-65-330336598130Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 92.14Landing on runway 34 at KOQU Quonset State, runway length 7,102 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was good at 142 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 142 kn. Target 140 kn
73 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.1 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.0 -0.0 °
89 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 6.4 ° 4.0 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.90 g min to max 1.22 g 0.92 1.02 g
Info Average speed 137 kn130 kn min to max 143 kn 142 131 kn
Info Average VSI -193 ft/m-557 ft/m min to max 91 ft/m -524 -172 ft/m
Info Average altitude 11 ft agl5 ft agl min to max 27 ft agl 27 5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °7.3 ° min to max 10.3 ° 7.4 8.8 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Go-around 476 ft agl · 145 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 19 ft agl · 131 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 22 ft agl · 138 kt
02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,25001123344657Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,250-80-64-48-32-1601632486480Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 97.25Touchdown point was 544 ft beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 131 kn was good. Touchdown rate was good at -172 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 72 °F. Wind 12 kn at 320 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 12 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown VSI was -172 ft/m.
86 % Touchdown distance was 1,920 ftTarget 1,500 ft
100 % Speed at touchdown 131 knTarget 143 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.2 ft2.0 ft right -2.2 -1.8 ft
100 % Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.13 g1.02 g min to max 1.18 g 1.02 1.10 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 131 kn131 kn min to max 132 kn 131 132 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.7 °8.6 ° min to max 8.8 ° 8.8 8.7 °

Events

Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 16 ft agl · 132 kt
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 4,941 ft, 70 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 4,941 ft70 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 10.1 ft5.0 ft left to 5.1 ft right -1.8 -5.1 ft
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.10 1.00 g
Info Average speed 113 kn62 kn min to max 122 kn 122 62 kn
Info Average pitch angle 6.2 °0.1 ° min to max 8.7 ° 8.7 0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.2 °

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 16 ft agl · 133 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 15 ft agl · 126 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 14 ft agl · 126 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 45 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 34 kn14 kn min to max 58 kn 58 14 kn
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.3 ° 0.0 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 13 ft agl · 49 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 16 kn2 kn min to max 21 kn 14 2 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 0.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 146 kt with 7.9° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

180 kt12060020°10°0°LIFTOFF7.9° off13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 ft 21 kt 0.7° 0 s
80 kt696 ft 80 kt 0.9° 8.8 s
Liftoff2,838 ft 146 kt 7.9° 20.5 s
35 ft3,477 ft · 2.6 s after liftoff 156 kt 12.8° 23.1 s
End of the climb5,044 ft · 226 ft 169 kt 12.5° 29.9 s

Takeoff from KOQU 34

Takeoff roll100.00
2,827ft40 %
Liftoff speed100.00
146kt
Runway alignment100.00
9.3ft L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
433fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 226 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 2,950 ft of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 146 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 7,102 ft runway.

Rolled from 675 ft in, drifted left of the centreline, 10 ft at the widest, and lifted off 7 ft left. Airborne 49 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS1 kn75 %widest 9.5 ft LROLL 675 FT INAirborne 3,513 ft from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 3,513 ft of 7,102 ft · 49 %
Behind the start of the roll, 675 ftTakeoff roll, 2,838 ft Left ahead, 3,589 ft

The circuit to KOQU 34

Right-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the go-around. This lap ended in a go-around; the landing that followed was flown without circuit legs.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 2.9 nm out at 292 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5002,0000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft160°166°279°347°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
648 ft
Bank
160°
Speed
208 kt

Steep: 160° of bank.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
66°
Height
951 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
282 kt
Out
1.6 nm 2.9 suits 292 kt

Turn onto downwind: scored 21.

The 45-degrees-behind-the-wing cue assumes you can turn your head and use peripheral vision. Downwind spacing cues like "put the wingtip halfway up the strut" assume a fixed, known eyepoint. Neither survives a monitor unmodified. If you fly on a fixed monitor, stop pretending and fly a numbers-based circuit.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
53° target 45°
Bank
79°
Height
256 ft

Off heading: 8° from the leg's heading on average.

4Final turn
Bank
47°
Overshoot
5,631 ft
Speed
174 kt

Overshot: went 5,631 ft through the centreline turning final.

Overshooting final. A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. The sim under-punishes it, because a spring yoke transmits no lightening of control force, there's no buffet through your hands, and no seat-of-the-pants sensation of the skid. You get the numbers of the skidded turn without the feel of it. The correct response is the same in both worlds and needs practising until it's reflexive. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry28Crosswind98Turn onto downwind44Downwind69Base turn35Base92Final turn18

The approach to KOQU 34

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

On the glideslope from 1.4 nm, where the final began, to 0.3 nm, then low to the threshold (up to 50 ft under).

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 1,000 ft past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND559320178
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 1,150 ft left of the centreline at 1.4 nm, then drifted 240 ft right between 1.1 and 0.4 nm, then inside the band from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR1000 ft L01000 ft RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND1155 ft L236 ft R54 ft R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KOQU 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
26ft
Threshold speed100.00
141kt
Centreline offset100.00
0.1ft R

Touchdown

Past threshold85.80
1,926ft
Centreline100.00
2.2ft R
Speed100.00
130kt
Touchdown rate97.52
-172fpm
Impact100.00
1.18G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down straight, wings level.

Wind 320° at 12 kt · 12 kt head · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 123 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 49 s, an average deceleration of 0.10 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 3,112 ft30 kt · 5,033 fttouchdown5,234 ftkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 5,223 ft of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 26 ft, 24 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,926 ft in, 926 ft past the ideal 1,000 ft.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 5,223 ft across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 1,000 ft in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

26 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −172 fpm · 8.8° nose up · 131 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 26 ft, down at 1,926 ft

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 550 fpm at 26 ft to 170 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.4° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°6°11°touchdown−172 fpm at touchdown8.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 5,223 ft of the 7,102 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 4 ft of it down the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,926 ft past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,926 ft past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 4,823 ft of 7,102 ft · 68 %
In the air over the runway, 1,926 ftRollout, 2,897 ft Left over, 2,279 ft
Rollout distance100.00
2,897ft68 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
5.1ft R

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