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EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight997 kg
Fuel76 kg
Wind193° · 14 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

91.02 %
EDFB
Reichelsheim, Germany
Runway 18
Elevation397 ft asl
Weight996 kg
Fuel74 kg
Wind192° · 13 kn · 3 kn cross
2 Jun 2026 0:05 7 nm Cessna Skyhawk 2 kg
Departure Score
98.84 %
Pattern Score
95.88 %
Arrival Score
78.34 %

What went well

Rollout controlled — 43 % of the runway used
Rollout held the centreline — 2.43 m off at taxi speed
Rotated at 57 kt — on the 60 kt rotation target

What held you back

Arrival Landing — Threshold speed was good at 65 kt at 0 %, Touched down 8 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air at 0 %, −5.96 points
Pattern Crosswind — Heading -13.0 ° at 47 %, −1.14 points
Firm touchdown — 239 fpm, −1.06 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 239 fpm−0.77
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.27
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.31 G at contact−0.02

Next time

Departure

Use rudder and aileron to hold the extended centreline, correcting drift before it reaches -0.7°.

What happened: During the initial climb the heading drifted -0.7° off the runway track.

Watch for: Heading indicator: wings level on the runway track

See Departure Climb 1

Arrival

Add power on final to keep the approach speed at 66 kt rather than letting it decay before the threshold.

What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 65 kt, 1 kt below the target, and touchdown followed with a firm, high sink rate arrival. Crossing the threshold slow like this usually carries through to a firmer touchdown as the flare runs out of energy.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 66 kt at the threshold.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 16 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, Average speed was 7 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 8 kt0 kt min to max 18 kt 0 18 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.0 0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl · 10 kt
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Takeoff distance 505 m 41 % of runway. Rotation speed was 57 kt. Local weather - Temperature 25 °C. Wind 14 kt at 192 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 13 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 505 m41 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 57 ktTarget 60 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.47 m right0.00 m left to 3.47 m right -3.06 -1.48 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.97 g min to max 1.15 g 1.00 1.15 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.9 °-0.0 ° min to max 5.7 ° 0.2 5.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.0 1.4 °
Departure Climb 1 96.51Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
89 % Heading variation -0.7 °-2.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.1 -2.0 °
100 % Average speed 80 kt72 kt min to max 88 kt 73 88 kt
97 % Average bank angle 2.4 °0.0 ° min to max 6.2 ° 1.4 0.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.94 g min to max 1.15 g 1.15 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 232 fpm86 fpm min to max 469 fpm 188 469 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 36 ft agl 0 36 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °4.1 ° min to max 6.1 ° 5.7 6.1 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 90 kt87 kt min to max 99 kt 89 98 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.8 ° 0.0 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.20 g 1.02 1.03 g
Info Average VSI 556 fpm470 fpm min to max 803 fpm 470 803 fpm
Info Average altitude 75 ft agl37 ft agl min to max 235 ft agl 37 235 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.0 °4.0 ° min to max 7.6 ° 6.1 7.6 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Distance was less than 1 nm in 10 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kt94 kt min to max 100 kt 98 100 kt
100 % Average bank angle 28.1 °13.1 ° min to max 37.0 ° 13.1 34.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.91 g min to max 1.23 g 1.01 1.19 g
Info Average VSI 507 fpm187 fpm min to max 893 fpm 877 378 fpm
Info Average altitude 298 ft agl249 ft agl min to max 335 ft agl 249 335 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °4.1 ° min to max 8.2 ° 8.2 6.1 °
Pattern Crosswind 76.03Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 18 EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Distance was less than 1 nm in 29 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
47 % Heading -13.0 °-21.9 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 -21.9 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt92 kt min to max 104 kt 100 104 kt
99.7 % Average g force 1.05 g0.84 g min to max 1.35 g 1.23 1.27 g
Info Average VSI 717 fpm-274 fpm min to max 1,602 fpm 349 531 fpm
Info Average altitude 565 ft agl341 ft agl min to max 707 ft agl 341 700 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 6.6 °0.4 ° min to max 34.2 ° 33.9 17.3 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.4 °-1.8 ° min to max 7.1 ° 5.1 2.1 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 100.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 1 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 82.3 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 105 kt101 kt min to max 112 kt 105 112 kt
100 % Average bank angle 23.1 °20.6 ° min to max 27.1 ° 20.9 27.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.98 g min to max 1.13 g 1.11 1.13 g
Info Average VSI 683 fpm404 fpm min to max 921 fpm 779 404 fpm
Info Average altitude 792 ft agl710 ft agl min to max 854 ft agl 710 854 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.7 °-2.1 ° min to max 3.9 ° 3.7 0.3 °
Pattern Downwind 100.00Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 2 nm in 53 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 0.0 °-13.4 ° min to max 14.4 ° 14.4 -13.4 °
100 % Average altitude 996 ft agl847 ft agl min to max 1,141 ft agl 859 1,123 ft agl
100 % Average speed 100 kt92 kt min to max 107 kt 103 96 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.89 g min to max 1.22 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI 290 fpm-667 fpm min to max 775 fpm 256 -667 fpm
Info Average bank angle 5.3 °0.1 ° min to max 31.7 ° 28.9 31.7 °
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-3.1 ° min to max 5.7 ° 4.0 -3.1 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 96.00Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 48.7 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 48.7 °.
100 % Average speed 103 kt96 kt min to max 106 kt 96 105 kt
88 % Average bank angle 32.5 °31.7 ° min to max 34.1 ° 32.3 33.1 °
96 % Average g force 1.22 g1.04 g min to max 1.45 g 1.32 1.04 g
Info Average VSI -712 fpm-1,187 fpm min to max -417 fpm -1,187 -662 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,052 ft agl1,025 ft agl min to max 1,089 ft agl 1,089 1,025 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.7 °-5.7 ° min to max 0.2 ° -3.8 -2.7 °
Pattern Base Leg 100.00Pattern Base Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 42 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading 1.3 °-7.7 ° min to max 19.6 ° 19.6 -7.7 °
100 % Average speed 101 kt96 kt min to max 108 kt 106 98 kt
99.96 % Average g force 1.01 g0.87 g min to max 1.31 g 0.98 0.90 g
Info Average VSI -200 fpm-999 fpm min to max 752 fpm -826 -818 fpm
Info Average altitude 978 ft agl888 ft agl min to max 1,036 ft agl 1,011 888 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 5.6 °0.1 ° min to max 37.3 ° 34.2 20.2 °
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-2.7 ° min to max 2.6 ° -2.0 -2.1 °
Pattern Final Turn 99.15Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 89 kt80 kt min to max 96 kt 96 87 kt
98 % Average bank angle 19.9 °0.5 ° min to max 32.3 ° 22.2 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.08 g0.90 g min to max 1.21 g 1.04 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -1,342 fpm-2,083 fpm min to max -816 fpm -1,001 -816 fpm
Info Average altitude 636 ft agl396 ft agl min to max 873 ft agl 873 396 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -2.9 °-7.5 ° min to max 2.5 ° -2.2 2.5 °
Arrival Approach Final approach to runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield. Descent from 883 ft agl to 219 ft agl in 52 seconds. Not scored on a circuit: the stabilisation gate is shown for reference.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
0 % Landing flapfailed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On speedfailed

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 319 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Battery Master On 398 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 398 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 398 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Activated 398 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 398 ft agl
Arrival Landing 43.88Landing on runway 18 at EDFB Reichelsheim Airfield, runway length 1,224 m. Touched down 8 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air. Threshold speed was good at 65 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Threshold speed was good at 65 kt. Target 66 kt
0 % Touched down 8 m short of the threshold, so it was never crossed in the air.Target 50 ft agl
81 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The flare began at 10 ft agl above the runway, lower than this type wants. Touchdown was 8 m short of the threshold. Begin raising the nose earlier - a late flare leaves no time to arrest the sink.
98 % Runway alignment max 5.78 m left5.78 m left to 2.10 m left 4.14 5.53 m
90 % Average bank angle 1.9 °0.1 ° min to max 6.2 ° 0.2 1.3 °
98 % Average g force 1.01 g0.90 g min to max 1.28 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average speed 60 kt53 kt min to max 65 kt 65 53 kt
Info Average VSI -266 fpm-416 fpm min to max -53 fpm -416 -169 fpm
Info Average altitude 19 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 52 0 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °2.8 ° min to max 7.6 ° 3.5 5.0 °
00.210.410.620.821.0301223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft00.210.410.620.821.03-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.14Touchdown was 8 m short of the threshold. Touchdown speed at 53 kt was good. Touchdown rate was fair at -239 fpm. Runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.5 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 24 °C. Wind 12 kt at 192 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 11 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
65 % Touchdown rate was -239 fpm.
97 % Touched down 8 m short of the thresholdTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 53 ktTarget below 65 kt
92 % Runway alignment max 5.53 m left5.31 m left 5.53 4.97 m
100 % Average bank angle 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.3 0.8 °
97 % Average g force 1.06 g0.95 g min to max 1.31 g 0.99 1.05 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 54 kt53 kt min to max 54 kt 53 54 kt
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °2.3 ° min to max 5.0 ° 5.0 2.4 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 548 m, 45 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 548 m45 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 2.63 m right1.75 m left to 2.63 m right 1.75 -2.43 m
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.07 0.98 g
Info Average speed 48 kt31 kt min to max 51 kt 51 31 kt
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.7 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.7 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 15 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 16 kt5 kt min to max 27 kt 27 5 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.7 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff from EDFB 18

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
505m41 %
Runway alignment100.00
3.47m R
Rotation speed100.00
57kttarget 60, 3 early

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
72ktat 5.3°
Rotation
1.0°/sover 4.9 s, gaining 15 kt
35 ft
87ktat 6.0°, 10.9 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff97.26
6.2°steepest

Plan view the roll down the 1,224 m runway.

Rolled from 101 m in, drifted 3.6 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 40 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS3 kn75 %widest 3.58 m RROLL 101 M INAirborne 497 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 497 m of 1,224 m · 41 %
Behind the start of the roll, 101 mTakeoff roll, 395 m Left ahead, 727 m

Side view from the start of the roll to 235 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 295 m of runway left; then climbing at 450 fpm on average to 235 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END304050KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 154 m · 4.9 sRotate 57 kttarget 60Liftoff 72 kt
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare.

120 kt8040020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 154 m · 4.9 sROTATELIFTOFFtarget 60held 6.0°5.3° off · 1.0°/s6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude held

The circuit to EDFB 18

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 100 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft37°127°234°332°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
312 ft
Bank
37°
Speed
98 kt

Off heading: 13° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
27°
Height
996 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
100 kt
Out
1.5 nm 1 suits 100 kt

Good: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.

3Base turn
Angle
49° target 45°
Bank
34°
Height
1,085 ft

Steep: 34° of bank.

Bank angle in the pattern is conventionally kept to 20 to 30 degrees, and the base-to-final turn is where that convention earns its keep. Stall speed rises with bank because the wing must produce more lift in a turn. Roughly 7 per cent higher at 30 degrees, about 19 per cent at 45, and around 40 per cent at 60. At 65 kt on base you don't have much margin to spend steepening a turn to salvage an overshoot.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
32°
Overshoot
179 m
Speed
89 kt

Overshot: went 179 m through the centreline turning final.

Overshooting final. A tailwind component on base sweeps you through the extended centreline, the instinctive correction is to steepen the bank and, when that's not enough, to skid the turn with rudder. In a real aircraft this is the base-to-final stall-spin scenario that kills people. The sim under-punishes it, because a spring yoke transmits no lightening of control force, there's no buffet through your hands, and no seat-of-the-pants sensation of the skid. You get the numbers of the skidded turn without the feel of it. The correct response is the same in both worlds and needs practising until it's reflexive. Don't steepen past 30 degrees, and if you've blown through the centreline, go around and reset.

Read more in Pattern Work
Entry100Crosswind76Turn onto downwind100Downwind100Base turn96Base100Final turn99

The approach to EDFB 18

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.3 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 310 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND447207
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 179 m right of the centreline at 1.3 nm, then drifted 29 m left between 0.7 and 0.3 nm, then inside the band from 0.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND124 m R23 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 20 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Fast from 1.3 nm, where the final began, to 0.8 nm (up to +26 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 67+21 kt+0 kt−14 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on EDFB 18

Over the threshold

ThresholdFail
not crossed - landed short
Centreline offset97.80
5.78m L
Bank89.67
6.2°steepest
Flare80.88

The aircraft touched down before the threshold

Everything the flare is measured against - the profile, the crossing height, the aim point - is referenced to a threshold this landing never reached, so read the numbers below as what happened short of the runway, not on it. Landing short is the fault to fix before anything about the hold-off is worth judging.

Touchdown

Past threshold96.56
-8m
Centreline91.76
5.53m L
Speed100.00
53kttarget 65 or less
Touchdown rate65.30
-239fpm
Impact96.57
1.31G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
1.4°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
205m43 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
2.63m R

Side view — the last 1,224 m of the approach.

Began the flare late, at 10 ft; crossed the threshold at 51 ft, close to the 50 ft target; ballooned 4 ft from 8 ft. Touched down 8 m before the threshold.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,224 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

51 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare began at 10 ft, 164 m before the threshold−342 fpm · 4.5° · 59 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 51 ft, down at -8 m

Plan view — the full 1,224 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

3 kt across from the right, which takes about 3° of crab to hold the centreline at 53 kt. Touched down with 3° of it still on, wings level.

Wind 192° at 13 kt · 13 kt head · 3 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,000 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 3 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 8 m SHORT of the threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 8 m short of the threshold. The 238 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 205 m of 1,224 m · 17 %
Rollout, 205 m Left over, 1,019 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 52 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 11 s, an average deceleration of 0.12 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

020406030 kt · 237 mtouchdown246 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

Departing from Reichelsheim Airfield (EDFB), the Cessna Skyhawk began its takeoff roll on runway 18, accelerating to a liftoff speed of 72 kt in a distance of 508 m, which accounted for 41% of the available runway. The aircraft lifted off into a local temperature of 25 °C, with a wind of 14 kt at 192°, resulting in a 3 kt crosswind and a 13 kt headwind.

As the aircraft entered the left-hand traffic pattern, it demonstrated a swift and precise turn, completing the pattern entry in less than 1 nm in 10 seconds. The subsequent crosswind turn was executed in 29 seconds, showcasing the pilot's skill in managing the aircraft's response to the wind conditions. The pattern downwind turn was completed in 1 nm, with an angle to the runway of 84.7°, while the downwind leg itself covered a distance of 2 nm in 48 seconds. The base leg turn, with an angle to the runway of 46.8°, was followed by a base leg of 1 nm in 37 seconds, and the final turn was completed in less than 1 nm in 20 seconds. The aircraft then began its final approach to runway 18 from the north, maintaining a heading of 162.0° at 1 nm and 541 ft above ground level.

The Cessna Skyhawk touched down before the threshold, with a touchdown speed of 53 kt and a rate of -169 fpm, indicating a good touchdown. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.6 m from the centreline. The total landing distance was 205 m, accounting for 17% of the available runway, and the runway rollout alignment was very good. The aircraft used a total of 2 kg of fuel for the 7 nm flight, which took approximately 5 minutes to complete.

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