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CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight2,219 lbs
Fuel134 lbs
Wind309° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

86.03 %
CYTZ
Toronto, Canada
Runway 08
Elevation249 ft asl
Weight2,215 lbs
Fuel130 lbs
Wind305° · 1 kn
21 Nov 2024 0:05 17 nm Cessna C172 4 lbs
Departure Score
94.91 %
Pattern Score
73.15 %
Arrival Score
90.02 %

What went well

Touched down at -168 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 1,019 ft in — inside the full-score zone
1.31 G at touchdown — inside band

What held you back

Pattern Downwind — Heading -77.0 ° at 0 %, Average altitude 1,229 ft agl at 60 %, −2.80 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 0.0 °. at 0 %, g force -0.03 to 1.38 g at 85 %, −2.10 points
Pattern Crosswind — Heading -15.2 ° at 32 %, −2.05 points
Arrival Touchdown — Speed at touchdown 83 kn at 0 %, Landing Bounce at 80 %, −1.96 points

Top opportunity

Shorten the long landing

Arrival Touchdown

Every knot above Vref is stored kinetic energy, and energy stored at the threshold must be dissipated in ground effect before the aeroplane will stop flying. Because kinetic energy scales with the square of speed, the excess you must dissipate grows fast. At a 45-knot approach, five knots hot is over a tenth more speed and roughly a quarter more energy to get rid of in ground effect. This is why the fix is never in the flare. It was decided three miles earlier, on final, at the airspeed indicator.

Read more in VRef Explained

Start to finish · 15 stages, 13 scored

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 90.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 0 kn0 kn min to max 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 2.5 2.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.1 °

Events

Fail Taxi Lights
Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Gear Down 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport, Average speed was 1 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 11 kn0 kn min to max 24 kn 0 24 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.5 ° min to max 3.0 ° 2.0 3.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.1 0.4 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.99 g
Departure Roll 99.63Departure roll runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport. Takeoff distance 1,562 ft 39 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 309 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,562 ft39 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 70 knTarget 65 kn
98 % Runway alignment max 11.7 ft11.7 ft left to 0.0 ft left 6.1 2.8 ft
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.98 g min to max 1.05 g 0.98 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.8 ° min to max 4.5 ° 2.9 4.5 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 1.2 ° 0.4 0.9 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.1 ° -0.1 -0.4 °
100 % Average speed 73 kn70 kn min to max 74 kn 70 74 kn
100 % Average bank angle 0.6 °0.0 ° min to max 1.3 ° 0.9 0.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.01 g min to max 1.11 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 589 ft/m361 ft/m min to max 751 ft/m 361 751 ft/m
Info Average altitude 23 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 52 ft agl 1 52 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 7.3 °4.6 ° min to max 8.5 ° 4.6 8.5 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 74 kn70 kn min to max 82 kn 74 82 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.1 ° min to max 4.8 ° 0.3 2.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.83 g min to max 1.08 g 1.01 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 788 ft/m-348 ft/m min to max 1,067 ft/m 755 121 ft/m
Info Average altitude 289 ft agl53 ft agl min to max 1,188 ft agl 53 1,171 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.6 °0.3 ° min to max 11.0 ° 8.5 3.9 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 348 ft agl · 76 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 546 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Autopilot Flight Director Activated 546 ft agl · 80 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 986 ft agl · 86 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 945 ft agl · 87 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 969 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 932 ft agl · 89 kt
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport. Distance was 7 nm in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 83 kn81 kn min to max 84 kn 82 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 17.5 °9.3 ° min to max 22.6 ° 9.3 14.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.92 g min to max 1.13 g 0.95 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -90 ft/m-237 ft/m min to max 144 ft/m 144 -107 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,170 ft agl1,161 ft agl min to max 1,177 ft agl 1,177 1,161 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.6 °0.8 ° min to max 2.9 ° 2.9 2.2 °
Pattern Crosswind 69.28Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport. Distance was 1 nm in 41 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
32 % Heading -15.2 °-21.2 ° min to max -8.8 ° -18.6 -18.1 °
100 % Average speed 86 kn84 kn min to max 88 kn 84 86 kn
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -179 ft/m-288 ft/m min to max -22 ft/m -33 -174 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,102 ft agl1,029 ft agl min to max 1,162 ft agl 1,162 1,029 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 3.2 °0.0 ° min to max 12.6 ° 7.8 7.4 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.3 ° 2.3 1.6 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 70.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 8 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 126.7 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 126.7 °.
100 % Average speed 79 kn73 kn min to max 86 kn 86 84 kn
100 % Average bank angle 16.9 °7.1 ° min to max 27.0 ° 8.0 7.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.92 g min to max 1.40 g 1.40 1.01 g
Info Average VSI 554 ft/m-238 ft/m min to max 1,182 ft/m 60 125 ft/m
Info Average altitude 1,167 ft agl1,032 ft agl min to max 1,233 ft agl 1,032 1,225 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 5.7 °0.1 ° min to max 10.0 ° 7.2 2.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 770 ft agl · 89 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 837 ft agl · 88 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 837 ft agl · 88 kt
Pattern Downwind 57.98Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 70 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -77.0 °-174.8 ° min to max 108.8 ° -15.6 108.8 °
60 % Average altitude 1,229 ft agl1,205 ft agl min to max 1,246 ft agl 1,228 1,210 ft agl
100 % Average speed 78 kn72 kn min to max 91 kn 85 73 kn
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.88 g min to max 1.18 g 0.88 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 5 ft/m-395 ft/m min to max 357 ft/m 121 277 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 9.6 °0.1 ° min to max 29.6 ° 2.5 1.1 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 5.3 ° 0.7 5.3 °

Events

Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 982 ft agl · 82 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 68.49Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 0 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 0.0 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 0.0 °.
100 % Average speed 117 kn111 kn min to max 122 kn 120 111 kn
100 % Average bank angle 6.6 °0.0 ° min to max 19.4 ° 0.0 10.6 °
85 % Average g force 1.08 g-0.03 g min to max 1.38 g 1.11 1.38 g
Info Average VSI -1,462 ft/m-2,774 ft/m min to max 276 ft/m 0 -1,111 ft/m
Info Average altitude 261 ft agl94 ft agl min to max 506 ft agl 499 94 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -3.7 °-12.8 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.0 2.3 °
Arrival Final 1 94.50Approaching runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 94 ft agl to 22 ft agl. A decrease of 72 ft in 9 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 1.7 °1.4 ° min to max 2.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.0 1.4 °
100 % Average speed 99 kn89 kn min to max 111 kn 111 89 kn
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.0 °
73 % Average bank angle 6.5 °0.0 ° min to max 13.2 ° 10.6 3.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.83 g min to max 1.38 g 1.38 1.09 g
Info Average VSI -511 ft/m-1,111 ft/m min to max -336 ft/m -1,111 -336 ft/m
Info Average altitude 54 ft agl22 ft agl min to max 94 ft agl 94 22 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.5 °-0.6 ° min to max 4.2 ° 2.3 2.2 °
00.250.50.751050100150Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment ft
Arrival Landing 89.15Landing on runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport, runway length 3,989 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 89 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
60 % Threshold speed was too high at 89 kn. Target 70 kn
100 % Target 50 ft agl
100 % Landing and flare profile
100 % Heading variation 0.0 °-0.0 ° min to max 0.0 ° -0.0 0.0 °
92 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 4.9 ° 3.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.84 g min to max 1.09 g 1.07 1.00 g
Info Average speed 85 kn83 kn min to max 89 kn 89 83 kn
Info Average VSI -203 ft/m-325 ft/m min to max -100 ft/m -325 -167 ft/m
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl4 ft agl min to max 23 ft agl 23 4 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.5 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.2 1.3 °
02505007501,00001223354658Runway Distance ftLanding Height ft02505007501,000-90-72-54-36-1801836547290Runway Distance ftRunway Width ft
Arrival Touchdown 76.42Touchdown distance was good at 1,014 ft. Touchdown speed at 83 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was good at -167 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kn at 305 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
98 % Touchdown VSI was -167 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 1,014 ftTarget 1,500 ft
0 % Speed at touchdown 83 knTarget 55 kn
100 % Runway alignment max 2.6 ft1.0 ft right 0.6 -1.7 ft
100 % Average bank angle 1.3 °0.2 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.6 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 1.06 g0.83 g min to max 1.31 g 1.00 1.05 g
80 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 82 kn80 kn min to max 83 kn 83 80 kn
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °0.3 ° min to max 3.4 ° 1.3 2.1 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 2,397 ft, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 2,397 ft60 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 3.1 ft1.5 ft left to 1.6 ft right -1.6 -1.0 ft
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.06 g 1.04 0.99 g
Info Average speed 79 kn47 kn min to max 85 kn 85 47 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 2.0 0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 1.0 °0.0 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.2 0.2 °

Events

Fail Bounce during touchdown 4 ft agl · 78 kt
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 9 kn
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 21 kn4 kn min to max 43 kn 43 4 kn
Info Average pitch angle 1.7 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.4 -0.1 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g

Takeoff

FailTaxi lightsOff
100.00Takeoff roll1,562 ft · 39 %
100.00Liftoff speed69 kt
98.14Runway alignment11.7 ft L
OkBounce on takeoffNone
100.00Rate of climb588 fpm

Landing

The threshold, the flare and the hold-off. The approach that led to it is the stabilisation gates below.

100.00Threshold height23 ft
59.62Threshold speed89 kt
100.00Centreline offset0.0 ft L

The stabilisation gates

One stabilised approach gate for a circuit: five checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate is an instrument-approach check and does not apply.

Five checks, one gate500 ft
Gear down
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed

Touchdown on CYTZ 08

Past threshold100.00
1,019ft
Centreline100.00
1.7ft R
Speed0.00
83kt
Touchdown rate97.69
-168fpm
Impact100.00
1.31G
Bounces80.00
1

Side view — the last 3,989 ft of the approach.

23 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft 80 ft400 Ideal — 50 ft, down at 1,000 ft This flight — 23 ft, down at 1,019 ft

Plan view — the full 3,989 ft runway, to the same scale as the side view.

1,0002,0003,000 THRESHOLD FULL SCORE TO 1,650 FT 1,019 ft past threshold CLEARED

The 1,019 ft touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 2,164 ft of 3,989 ft · 54 %
Rollout distance100.00
1,145ft54 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
1.6ft R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight map
Replay this flight in 3D The full flight path over the terrain with every stage, event and score along the route.
Takeoff report
Takeoff on runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport in the Cessna 172
94.91 %
90 %
Taxi
Taxiing from the parking to the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
Taxi Lights
0 %
Switched On
Ground Speed kt
100 %
30 15 0
Turn Speed
100 %
30 15 0
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
Bank °
Info
1 0.5 0
Pitch °
Info
3 2.5 2
99.63 %
Takeoff Roll
Departure roll runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport. Takeoff distance 1,562 ft 39 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 70 kn. Local weather - Temperature 60 °F. Wind 1 kn at 309 °. Crosswind: 1 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Takeoff Distance
100 %
Roll distance of 1,562 ft using 39.16 % of runway
Liftoff Speed
100 %
Liftoff speed was 70 kn - Target 65 kn
Alignment
98.14 %
11.7 ft left to 0.0 ft left
Bounce
100 %
No Bounce Detected
Strobe Lights
100 %
Switched On
Landing Lights
100 %
Switched On
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
70 40 10
Bank °
Info
2 1 0
Pitch °
Info
5 3.5 2
01,0002,0003,000-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-100102030405060708090 Runway Distance ft Runway Alignment to End of Runway ft
100 %
Climb 1
Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport.
Alignment
100 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
80 70 60
Bank °
100 %
2 1 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
9 6.5 4
Climb Rate fpm
Info
800 350 -100
90 %
Climb 2
Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 08 CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport.
Alignment
0 %
2 0 -2
IAS kt
100 %
90 75 60
Bank °
100 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Pitch °
Info
11 5.5 0
Climb Rate fpm
Info
1,100 350 -400
01,0002,0003,00004182123164205 Runway Distance ft Height at End of Runway ft
00.250.50.750100200300400500 Climb Distance NM Climb Profile to 1,000 ft
00.250.50.75-200-160-120-80-4004080120160200 Climb Distance NM Runway Alignment in (ft) to 1,000 ft
Landing report
Landing on runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport in the Cessna 172
Landing Score 90.02 %
94.5 %
Final 1
Approaching runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 94 ft agl to 22 ft agl. A decrease of 72 ft in 9 seconds.
Glideslope
100 %
Excellent glideslope alignment
Heading
100 %
Excellent heading alignment
Glideslope °
100 %
4 3 2
IAS kt
100 %
111 95 80
Alignment
100 %
0.5 0 -0.5
Bank °
72.52 %
14 7 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-336 -768 -1,200
00.250.50.751050100150 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Height ft
00.250.50.751-80-60-40-20020406080 Distance to Touchdown NM Approach Runway Alignment ft
89.15 %
Landing
Landing on runway 08 at CYTZ Billy Bishop Toronto City Centre Airport, runway length 3,989 ft. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was too high at 89 kn.
Height
100 %
Good threshold height. Target 50 ft agl
Speed
59.62 %
Threshold speed was too high at 89 kt. Target 70 kt
Flare
100 %
Perfect landing flare
Centreline ft
100 %
100 0 -100
Bank °
92.49 %
5 2.5 0
G
100 %
1.5 1 0.5
IAS kt
Info
89 85 80
Pitch °
Info
4 2 0
Descent Rate fpm
Info
-100 -250 -400
02505007501,00001223354658 Runway Distance ft Landing Height ft
02505007501,000-90-72-54-36-1801836547290 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
76.42 %
Touchdown
Touchdown distance was good at 1,014 ft. Touchdown speed at 83 kn was excessively fast. Touchdown rate was good at -167 ft/m. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 59 °F. Wind 1 kn at 305 °. Crosswind: 0 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
Touchdown
97.69 %
Touchdown rate was good at -168 fpm.
Speed
0 %
Touchdown speed at 83 kt was excessively fast. Target below 55 kn
Distance
100 %
Touchdown distance was good at 1,014 ft.
Alignment
100 %
Runway touchdown alignment was perfect.
Bank
100 %
Bank angle 1.3 °
G
100 %
G 1.06 g
Bounce
80 %
Bounce Detected
100 %
Rollout
Total landing distance 2,397 ft, 60 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
Distance
100 %
Landing distance 2,397 ft using 60.09 % of runway
Alignment
100 %
Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
G
100 %
1.25 1 0.75
IAS kt
Info
80 55 30
Bank °
Info
3 1.5 0
Pitch °
Info
2 1 0
05001,0001,5002,000 Runway Distance ft Runway Width ft
Metrics
Metrics

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