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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Hold the nose down until the speed reaches 55 kt, then rotate.
What happened: You started the rotation at 34 kt, 21 kt before the 55 kt rotation speed.
Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 55 kt at rotation
See Departure Roll
Arrival
Correct the drift on the crosswind leg promptly with small bank and rudder inputs to hold the runway-relative heading before it carries downwind.
What happened: This flight drifted -10° off the runway-relative heading on the crosswind leg, and a similar 9.9° drift showed again on the downwind leg. A heading drift like this on crosswind usually carries through into the downwind leg as well.
Watch for: Heading indicator: wings-level runway-relative heading held through crosswind and downwind
A typical trainer rotates in the mid-50s of knots - a 172 at around 55 KIAS, climbing out at a Vy in the low 70s, though check your own POH rather than memorising Cessna's numbers - and the transferable rule is that Vr sits just above the stall speed in takeoff configuration. Rotate early because "it felt ready" and the aircraft lifts off inside ground effect, where induced drag is reduced, then climbs out of it into more drag. On a marginal-performance day the result is an aircraft that lifts off and then refuses to climb, sagging back towards the runway.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 13 in the score
Events
Events
Events
Events
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Events
From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 37 kt with 7.9° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to 321 ft.
Reached 35 ft with 2,071 m of runway left; then climbing at 410 fpm on average to 321 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.
Plan view the roll down the 2,614 m runway.
Rolled from 81 m in, never more than 0.6 m off the centreline. Airborne 7 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.
Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.
Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 82 kt
The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.
Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded
The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.
Off heading: 10° from the leg's heading on average.
Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.
Read more in Pattern WorkOff heading: 10° from the leg's heading on average.
Spacing cues are relative to your eyepoint, so two simmers with different FOV settings following the same wingtip cue fly patterns half a mile different in width, and a wide FOV compresses depth so the runway on base looks further away than it is, biasing you towards a late turn. Pick a camera position and FOV, save it, and never change it, because every judgement you calibrate is calibrated to that picture.
Read more in Pattern WorkGood: full marks on the turn and the leg after it.
Good: full marks on the turn.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 2.8° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 1.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 340 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 2.8° here, which is about 300 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 195 m left of the centreline at 1.5 nm, then inside the band from 1.2 nm to the threshold.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 27 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 16 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between −5 kt and +12 kt on the approach speed of 53 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Perfect landing flare
No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 270° at 1 kt · 1 kt tail · 0 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 46 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.09 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Began the flare at 24 ft, 111 m before the threshold; crossed the threshold at 11 ft, 39 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 225 m in, 79 m short of the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 220 fpm at the flare to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 3.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,614 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 3.2 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 3.6 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.
The 225 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Cessna 152 taxied to runway 11 at MDST Cibao International Airport and commenced the departure roll, achieving a take-off distance of 235 m (9 % of the runway) and lifting off at 38 kt. Ambient conditions were 15 °C with a wind of 1 kt from 270°, no cross-wind and a 1 kt tail-wind component.
The aircraft entered a left-hand pattern from runway 11, covering less than 1 nm in 53 seconds.
Subsequently it flew the left-hand pattern crosswind leg, again covering less than 1 nm, this time in 21 seconds.
During the pattern downwind turn the aircraft described a 1 nm arc with an angle to the runway of 47.0°.
The downwind leg extended 3 nm and was completed in 155 seconds.
The base-leg turn spanned 2 nm with an angle to the runway of 37.1°.
The base leg itself was less than 1 nm and required 42 seconds.
The final turn to the approach course was less than 1 nm and lasted 27 seconds.
On final approach to runway 11 the aircraft descended from 846 ft AGL to 25 ft AGL in 85 seconds, meeting the stabilisation gate criteria.
Landing was executed on runway 11, whose length is 2 614 m. The threshold speed was slightly below target at 48 kt. Touchdown occurred 223 m down the runway at 36 kt with a vertical speed of minus 36 fpm. The touchdown point was offset 5.7 m from the centreline, resulting in a total landing distance of 396 m (15 % of the runway). Runway rollout alignment was recorded as very good.
The flight covered a total distance of 9 nm, took 8 (units as provided) and consumed 2 kg of fuel.
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