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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Maintain the centreline
See Departure Roll
A small uncorrected heading error at 40 knots becomes a metre of offset per second by 100 knots, noticed only at rotation, producing a crabbed liftoff. Root cause is nearly always eyes on the tape instead of the far end of the runway. Small heading changes displace a distant point visibly long before the nearby centreline stripes look wrong.
Read more in Improve Your Take-OffsStart to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 68 kt with 7.3° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 980 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 505 m of runway left; then climbing at 660 fpm on average to 980 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 1,853 m runway.
Rolled from 208 m in, drifted 7.8 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 44 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 2.4 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 180 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Outside the 1° band 3 times; furthest 465 m right at 2.4 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +7 kt and +20 kt on the approach speed of 75 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
3 kt across from the right, which takes about 2° of crab to hold the centreline at 73 kt. Touched down with the nose 3° left of the track, away from the wind, wings level.
Wind 316° at 7 kt · 6 kt head · 3 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 76 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 10 s, an average deceleration of 0.24 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 31 ft, 19 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 355 m in, 51 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 470 fpm at 29 ft to 60 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 2.2° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,853 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 2.9 m left of the centreline, and stayed about there down the rollout, 4.2 m left at the widest.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The 355 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The flight began with a taxiing period from the parking to the runway, which took 4 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The aircraft, a Mooney Ovation M20R, then departed from runway 08 at KRNO Reno Tahoe International Airport. The takeoff distance was 640 meters, which accounted for 35% of the runway. The liftoff speed was 68 knots.
The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 32 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 4 knots from a direction of 350 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 4 knots and a tailwind of 1 knot. The aircraft then began its enroute climb, starting 1 mile east of KRNO Reno Tahoe International Airport, and climbed from an altitude of 5,394 feet above sea level to 7,634 feet above sea level, an increase of 2,240 feet, in 4 minutes and covering 6 nautical miles.
Following the enroute climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, which started 6 miles north of Virginia City, Nevada, and lasted for 3 minutes, covering 7 nautical miles. The enroute descent then began overhead Virginia City, and the aircraft descended from 7,348 feet above sea level to 5,307 feet above sea level, a decrease of 2,041 feet, in 4 minutes and covering 7 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 27 at KCXP Carson Airport was made from the east, heading 281.0 degrees at 2 nautical miles and 599 feet above ground level. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 29 degrees Celsius and a wind speed of 7 knots from a direction of 315 degrees, resulting in a crosswind of 4 knots and a headwind of 6 knots. The threshold speed was well above the target at 83 knots, and the touchdown distance was good at 353 meters. The touchdown speed was 73 knots, and the touchdown rate was excellent at -60 feet per minute.
The runway touchdown alignment was very good, and the runway rollout alignment was also very good. The total landing distance was 599 meters, which accounted for 32% of the runway. The taxiing period from the runway to the parking took 2 minutes and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 25 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 21 minutes. The aircraft used 7 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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