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KSEA
Seattle, United States
Runway 16L
Elevation430 ft asl
Weight256,666 kg
Fuel83,322 kg
Wind190° · 3 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

97.08 %
EDDM
Munich, Germany
Runway 08L
Elevation1,467 ft asl
Weight196,194 kg
Fuel22,498 kg
Wind87° · 1 kn
6 Nov 2026 9:32 4797 nm Airbus A350-900 60,824 kg
Departure Score
95.40 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
95.84 %

What went well

Touched down at -142 fpm — a soft arrival
Straight touchdown — 0.15 m off the centreline, no bounce
Flare on profile — 100 %

What held you back

Departure Taxi — peak taxi speed 42 kt at 43 %, −1.53 points
Arrival Touchdown — Touchdown distance was 1,040 m at 0 %, −1.25 points
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 58 ft agl was slightly above target at 94 %, −0.14 points

Next time

Arrival

Fly a slightly steeper approach path to cross the threshold at 50 ft agl instead of 58 ft agl.

What happened: The aircraft crossed the threshold at 58 ft agl against a 50 ft agl target, above the normal profile. This fault pattern is often followed by a long touchdown beyond the target point, and here the aircraft touched down at 1,040 m against a 457 m target.

Watch for: Radio altimeter against the 50 ft threshold crossing target on short final.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 22 stages, 20 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 77.00Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 7 minutes and covered 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
43 % Average speed 31 kt0 kt min to max 42 kt 3 11 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 11 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.6 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.3 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.0 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 15 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 15 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake On 15 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 15 ft agl · 3 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 15 ft agl · 11 kt
Departure Runway Entry Entering runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, Average speed was 15 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 12 kt11 kt min to max 12 kt 11 12 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.3 °-0.4 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.0 0.0 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Departure Roll 100.00Departure roll runway 16L at KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport. Takeoff distance 1,717 m 47 % of runway. Rotation speed was 158 kt. Local weather - Temperature 12 °C. Wind 3 kt at 189 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 3 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 1,717 m47 % of runway
100 % Rotation speed was 158 ktTarget 163 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 3.41 m right0.00 m left to 3.41 m right -1.46 -2.68 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g1.00 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 1.05 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.1 °-0.4 ° min to max 3.8 ° -0.4 3.8 °
Info Average bank angle 0.0 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 0.0 °
100 % Average speed 172 kt167 kt min to max 177 kt 167 177 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.4 °0.2 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.16 g1.06 g min to max 1.27 g 1.06 1.27 g
Info Average VSI 394 fpm58 fpm min to max 1,130 fpm 58 1,130 fpm
Info Average altitude 6 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 25 ft agl 0 25 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °3.9 ° min to max 9.6 ° 3.9 9.6 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
100 % Average speed 180 kt178 kt min to max 186 kt 178 186 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.4 °0.1 ° min to max 1.4 ° 1.4 0.5 °
99.97 % Average g force 1.18 g1.02 g min to max 1.26 g 1.26 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 1,760 fpm1,190 fpm min to max 2,898 fpm 1,190 2,898 fpm
Info Average altitude 81 ft agl27 ft agl min to max 323 ft agl 27 323 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 10.7 °9.8 ° min to max 12.3 ° 9.8 12.3 °

Events

Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 338 ft agl · 185 kt
Info Landing Gear Up 338 ft agl · 185 kt
Departure Climb 3 100.00Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 16L KSEA Seattle–Tacoma International Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Climb speed 191 kt186 kt min to max 196 ktTarget 175 kt, 16 kt fast 186 196 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.1 ° 0.7 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 1.02 1.07 g
100 % Landing gear up at 232 ft aglTarget by 400 ft agl
Info Heading variation -0.2 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.2 ° -0.2 -0.2 °
Info Average VSI 2,867 fpm2,704 fpm min to max 3,061 fpm 2,995 2,837 fpm
Info Average altitude 638 ft agl372 ft agl min to max 897 ft agl 372 897 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.1 °12.5 ° min to max 14.3 ° 12.5 14.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 491 ft agl · 187 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south west of SeaTac (Washington, United States). Climbing from 1,346 ft asl to 34,997 ft asl, an increase of 33,650 ft in 31 minutes and covering 234 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 296 kt198 kt min to max 334 kt 198 292 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 25.1 °0.0 ° min to max 25.1 ° 0.1 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.82 g min to max 1.18 g 1.05 1.04 g
Info Average VSI 1,532 fpm-421 fpm min to max 3,540 fpm 3,002 -63 fpm
Info Average altitude 16,545 ft asl1,346 ft asl min to max 35,000 ft asl 1,346 34,997 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 5.0 °1.0 ° min to max 15.2 ° 14.5 2.6 °
Info Turn coordination 8-3 min to max 18 0 9

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched Off 10,303 ft agl · 297 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 30,063 ft agl · 484 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 30,063 ft agl · 484 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started 12 miles east of CAL3 Douglas Lake Airport Douglas Lake (British Columbia, Canada) and lasted 117 minutes, covering 1,045 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,250 ft of 35,001 ft asl34,978 ft asl min to max 35,059 ft asl 34,998 35,059 ft asl
100 % Average speed 291 kt286 kt min to max 297 kt 291 290 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 16.4 °0.0 ° min to max 16.4 ° 0.6 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.85 g min to max 1.12 g 1.02 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 101 min to max 27 10 9
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °2.1 ° min to max 3.7 ° 2.6 3.7 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 33,634 ft agl · 499 kt
Enroute Climb 2 100.00Enroute climb started Latitude: 63.9949365 Longitude: -100.0231155. Climbing from 35,272 ft asl to 37,001 ft asl, an increase of 1,729 ft in 3 minutes and covering 28 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 279 kt274 kt min to max 288 kt 288 276 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 1.4 °0.5 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.6 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.01 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 545 fpm-14 fpm min to max 1,399 fpm 1,399 -14 fpm
Info Average altitude 36,341 ft asl35,272 ft asl min to max 37,002 ft asl 35,272 37,001 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.8 ° min to max 4.1 ° 4.1 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 109 min to max 12 11 10

Events

Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Deactivated 35,906 ft agl · 493 kt
Enroute Level 2 100.00Enroute level cruise started 78 miles west of CYBK Baker Lake Airport Baker Lake (Nunavut, Canada) and lasted 199 minutes, covering 1,757 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,350 ft of 37,000 ft asl36,965 ft asl min to max 37,024 ft asl 37,000 37,024 ft asl
100 % Average speed 278 kt277 kt min to max 279 kt 277 278 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 15.0 °0.0 ° min to max 15.0 ° 0.6 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.94 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.03 g
Info Turn coordination 10-4 min to max 24 11 11
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.2 ° min to max 3.2 ° 2.8 3.2 °
Enroute Climb 3 100.00Enroute climb started 68 miles south east of BGCO Neerlerit Inaat Airport Neerlerit Inaat (Sermersooq, Greenland). Climbing from 37,107 ft asl to 38,998 ft asl, an increase of 1,891 ft in 3 minutes and covering 29 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 271 kt264 kt min to max 277 kt 277 264 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 15.4 °0.5 ° min to max 15.4 ° 6.7 0.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.97 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 641 fpm32 fpm min to max 1,091 fpm 864 32 fpm
Info Average altitude 37,882 ft asl37,107 ft asl min to max 38,998 ft asl 37,107 38,998 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.5 °2.8 ° min to max 3.8 ° 3.6 2.8 °
Info Turn coordination 130 min to max 30 18 11

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 38,816 ft agl · 487 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 38,816 ft agl · 487 kt
Enroute Level 3 100.00Enroute level cruise started 97 miles south east of BGCO Neerlerit Inaat Airport Neerlerit Inaat (Sermersooq, Greenland) and lasted 172 minutes, covering 1,433 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,450 ft of 38,999 ft asl38,978 ft asl min to max 39,015 ft asl 39,000 39,002 ft asl
100 % Average speed 265 kt264 kt min to max 270 kt 265 266 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 15.8 °0.0 ° min to max 15.8 ° 0.6 13.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.12 g 1.00 1.05 g
Info Turn coordination 10-1 min to max 26 10 15
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °2.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.8 3.1 °

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 39,215 ft agl · 480 kt
Enroute Climb 4 100.00Enroute climb started 1 mile south east of Lubnjow (Brandenburg, Germany). Climbing from 39,005 ft asl to 39,956 ft asl, an increase of 951 ft in 2 minutes and covering 14 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 264 kt260 kt min to max 266 kt 266 260 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 13.7 °0.4 ° min to max 13.7 ° 13.5 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.05 0.98 g
Info Average VSI 480 fpm188 fpm min to max 789 fpm 188 377 fpm
Info Average altitude 39,352 ft asl39,005 ft asl min to max 39,956 ft asl 39,005 39,956 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 3.2 °2.9 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.2 2.9 °
Info Turn coordination 102 min to max 16 15 10
Enroute Level 4 100.00Enroute level cruise started 2 miles east of Sallgast (Brandenburg, Germany) and lasted 13 minutes, covering 110 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,500 ft of 39,994 ft asl39,683 ft asl min to max 40,008 ft asl 39,996 39,683 ft asl
100 % Average speed 259 kt258 kt min to max 260 kt 260 258 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 12.7 °0.2 ° min to max 12.7 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.05 g 1.00 0.98 g
Info Turn coordination 112 min to max 27 11 13
Info Average pitch angle 2.6 °1.2 ° min to max 3.1 ° 2.7 1.6 °

Events

Info Landing Lights Switched On 39,170 ft agl · 481 kt
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 2 miles south west of Vseruby (Plzensky kraj, Czech Republic). Descent from 39,463 ft asl to 4,997 ft asl, a decrease of 34,466 ft in 20 minutes and covering 126 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 281 kt246 kt min to max 330 kt 258 246 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 23.8 °0.1 ° min to max 23.8 ° 0.5 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.82 g min to max 1.18 g 1.01 0.97 g
Info Average VSI -1,349 fpm-3,604 fpm min to max -3 fpm -2,308 -3 fpm
Info Average altitude 14,502 ft asl4,997 ft asl min to max 39,463 ft asl 39,463 4,997 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-3.3 ° min to max 2.3 ° -0.0 2.3 °
Info Turn coordination 11-4 min to max 26 13 13

Events

Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 3,477 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Autopilot Vertical Hold Activated 3,477 ft agl · 264 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 3,375 ft agl · 266 kt
Enroute Level 5 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Weichs (Bavaria, Germany) and lasted 2 minutes, covering 6 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±750 ft of 4,986 ft asl4,585 ft asl min to max 5,008 ft asl 4,999 4,585 ft asl
100 % Average speed 245 kt193 kt min to max 255 kt 242 193 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 24.7 °0.6 ° min to max 24.7 ° 0.7 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.91 g min to max 1.16 g 0.97 0.99 g
Info Turn coordination 4-5 min to max 18 8 8
Info Average pitch angle 2.2 °1.5 ° min to max 3.4 ° 2.5 2.3 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 3,345 ft agl · 239 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 3,106 ft agl · 209 kt
Enroute Descent 2 100.00Enroute descent started overhead Fahrenzhausen (Bavaria, Germany). Descent from 4,454 ft asl to 2,780 ft asl, a decrease of 1,673 ft in 2 minutes and covering 4 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 155 kt143 kt min to max 174 kt 174 143 kt
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.4 0.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 1.02 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -1,159 fpm-2,332 fpm min to max -584 fpm -654 -791 fpm
Info Average altitude 3,220 ft asl2,780 ft asl min to max 4,454 ft asl 4,454 2,780 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-5.1 ° min to max 2.0 ° 1.8 2.0 °
Info Turn coordination 65 min to max 7 7 5

Events

Info Flaps Position 4 2,639 ft agl · 162 kt
Arrival Approach 100.00Final approach to runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport. Descent from 1,352 ft agl to 81 ft agl in 102 seconds. Scored on the stabilisation gates.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed at both gates
100 % Landing flappassed at both gates
100 % Sink ratepassed at both gates
100 % On glideslopepassed at both gates
100 % On centrelinepassed at both gates
100 % On speedpassed at both gates
100 % Wings levelpassed at both gates
Arrival Landing 98.38Landing on runway 08L at EDDM Munich Airport, runway length 4,065 m. Threshold height at 58 ft agl was slightly above target. Threshold speed was good at 138 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 138 kt. Target 137 kt
94 % Threshold height at 58 ft agl was slightly above target.Target 50 ft agl
100 % The flare tracked the target profile exactly. The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 1,040 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.33 m left0.33 m left to 0.14 m left 0.21 0.16 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.1 °
100 % Peak g force 1.07 g0.98 g min to max 1.07 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average speed 133 kt127 kt min to max 138 kt 138 127 kt
Info Average VSI -280 fpm-678 fpm min to max -73 fpm -678 -94 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl-14 ft agl min to max 58 ft agl 58 -14 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 4.4 °2.1 ° min to max 5.5 ° 2.1 5.5 °
0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,20001223354658Runway Distance mLanding Height ft0751502253003754505256006757508259009751,0501,1251,200-30-24-18-12-60612182430Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 85.00Touchdown point was 618 m beyond the touchdown zone. Touchdown speed at 127 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -142 fpm. Runway touchdown alignment was perfect. Local weather - Temperature 3 °C. Wind 1 kt at 91 °. Crosswind: 0 kt Headwind: 1 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Touchdown rate was -142 fpm.
0 % Touchdown distance was 1,040 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 127 ktTarget below 134 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 0.16 m left0.07 m left 0.16 -0.15 m
100 % Steepest bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Peak g force 1.12 g0.99 g min to max 1.12 g 0.99 1.08 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 126 kt126 kt min to max 127 kt 127 126 kt
Info Average pitch angle 5.2 °4.7 ° min to max 5.5 ° 5.5 4.7 °
Arrival Rollout 100.00Total landing distance 1,757 m, 43 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was perfect.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 1,757 m43 % of runway.
100 % Runway alignment max 0.85 m left0.85 m left to 0.00 m left 0.48 0.49 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.91 g min to max 1.07 g 1.05 1.00 g
Info Average speed 93 kt63 kt min to max 125 kt 125 63 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-0.8 ° min to max 4.4 ° 4.4 -0.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.2 0.2 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 38 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 36 kt0 kt min to max 62 kt 62 0 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.6 °-1.0 ° min to max -0.3 ° -0.3 -0.4 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.2 0.4 °
Info Average g force 0.99 g0.97 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g

Takeoff from KSEA 16L

Taxi out

LightsOk
All on
Taxi speed71.25
42kt peak11 kt in turns

The roll

Takeoff roll100.00
1,717m47 %
Runway alignment100.00
3.41m R
Rotation speed100.00
158kttarget 163, 5 early

A clean takeoff

Rotated at 158 kt against the 163 kt rotate speed, the nose rising at 1.5° a second, then held 11.7° from 35 ft, within 4.1° top to bottom.

Rotated on speed at a steady rate, and the climb attitude held. This is the takeoff to repeat: the same speed check, the same pull, the same attitude.

Liftoff and climb

Liftoff
166ktat 3.9°
Rotation
1.5°/sover 2.3 s, gaining 8 kt
35 ft
178ktat 10.3°, 4.0 s after liftoff
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Bank after liftoff100.00
1.4°steepest
Gear up100.00
232ftfull marks to 400 ft
Climb 3 speed100.00
191kttarget 175

Plan view the roll down the 3,623 m runway.

Rolled from 121 m in, drifted right of the centreline, 3.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.7 m right. Airborne 47 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

1,0002,0003,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 3.40 m RROLL 121 M INAirborne 1,724 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 1,724 m of 3,623 m · 48 %
Behind the start of the roll, 121 mTakeoff roll, 1,603 m Left ahead, 1,898 m

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 897 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 1,546 m of runway left; gear up at 232 ft, inside the 400 ft that gets full marks; then climbing at 2,310 fpm on average to 897 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The dark stretch of the roll is the run with the nose up and the wheels still on, with its length and time under the runway. The gear-up ring is coloured by its mark. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,000 ft500 ft0CLIMB 3191 kt avgtarget 175THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080100120140KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLnose up on the runway · 188 m · 2.3 sRotate 158 kttarget 163Liftoff 166 ktGear up 232 ftfull marks to 400 ft
On the runwayNose up, wheels on the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayGear upClimb 3

Speed and pitch from brake release to the end of the climb, against time.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The grey band is the run between the nose coming up and the wheels leaving the runway. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second. The rotation detail below draws the rotation against the rates for this aircraft and its tail-strike pitch, where the slope reads properly. The grey dashed line across the pitch is the attitude held from 35 ft to the end: a nose held steady is a climb speed that holds, and the airspeed trace sits directly above it to compare. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

Climb 3 target 175210 kt14070020°10°0°nose up on the runway · 188 m · 2.3 sROTATELIFTOFFGEAR UPtarget 163held 11.7°3.9° off · 1.5°/s10° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH0204060 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation beganNose up, wheels on the runwayClimb attitude heldClimb 3

Rotation detail the pitch over the seconds from rotation to 35 ft, where the slope reads properly.

How to read this

The pitch over the seconds from the nose starting to come up to 35 ft, stretched so the slope reads properly. The green dot is where the nose started up, the grey band runs to the wheels leaving, and the figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up. The two dashed green lines rising from the rotation point are 1.5 to 2.3° a second, the middle half of rotation rates flown by other Airbus A350-900 pilots over the last 180 days (59 takeoffs); the grey pair are 2 to 3° a second, the rates airliners are rotated at. A trace steeper than both green lines is a faster rotation than most, one shallower than both a slower one.

20°10°0°2.3°/s2°/s1.5°/s3°/sROTATELIFTOFF35 FT3.9° off · 1.5°/s10° at 35 ftROTATION DETAIL-2-10+1+2+3+4+5+6+7 sseconds from rotation
PitchRotation began1.5 to 2.3°/s, other Airbus A350-900 pilots2 to 3°/s from rotation, airlinersNose up, wheels on the runway

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway. They are the approach's score: the checks passed out of the checks that ran.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 100.007 of 7500 ft 100.007 of 7
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate740 fpm730 fpm
On glideslope3.1°3.2°
On centreline0.1° off0.1° off
On speed+0.3 kt+1.8 kt
Wings level0° bank0° bank

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to EDDM 08L

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 1° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 10 ft above the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,000 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 1° BAND1,3316923722131,000 ft gate7 of 71,065 ft · 137 kt500 ft gate7 of 7559 ft · 139 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 28× larger than distances along the final.

Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 13 m off the centreline.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR34 m L034 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND13 m L7 m L4 m L2 m L11 m L6 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 34 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 21 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +0 kt and +8 kt on the approach speed of 137 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

140160180200 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 137+8 kt+2 kt+2 kt+2 kt+1 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on EDDM 08L

Over the threshold

Threshold height93.51
57ft
Threshold speed100.00
138kttarget 137, 1 fast
Centreline offset100.00
0.33m L
Bank100.00
0.2°steepest
Flare100.00

The flare tracked the target profile exactly

The aircraft floated down the runway before touching. Touchdown was 1,040 m past the threshold. Threshold speed was not the cause here - hold the aim point on the approach and let the aircraft settle rather than holding it off, and the touchdown comes back to the numbers.

Touchdown

Past threshold0.00
1,040m
Centreline100.00
0.16m L
Speed100.00
126kttarget 134 or less
Touchdown rate100.00
-142fpm
Impact100.00
1.12G
BouncesOk
None
Bank100.00
0.5°as the wheels touched

Rollout

Rollout distance100.00
693m42 % used
Rollout alignment100.00
0.85m L

Side view — the last 1,854 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 57 ft, close to the 50 ft target; began the flare at 24 ft. Touched down 1,040 m in, 735 m past the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,854 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

57 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 24 ft · −453 fpm · 3.6° · 137 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −89 fpm · 4.8°−142 fpm · 5.5° nose up · 127 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 57 ft, down at 1,040 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 450 fpm at the flare to 140 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.9° on the way down. Into the flare at 137 kt, on the 137 kt approach speed, and 127 kt at touchdown.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−142 fpm at touchdown5.5° at touchdown, +1.9° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,854 m of the 4,065 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down on the centreline, and stayed within 1.1 m of it down the rollout. No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 2° right of the track, wings level.

Wind 087° at 1 kt · 1 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. The sentence gives the nose against the direction you were actually moving as the wheels touched, and the steepest bank as they touched, the figure the touchdown's Bank tile marks. The rest of it is shown for reading, not marked.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 1,040 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

Touched down 1,040 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 1,732 m of 4,065 m · 43 %
In the air over the runway, 1,040 mRollout, 693 m Left over, 2,333 m

The stop — touchdown to taxi speed.

From 126 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.26 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

0408012060 kt · 753 m30 kt · 837 mtouchdown871 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Airbus A350-900 taxied from the parking area to runway 16L at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport in 7 minutes, covering 4 nm.

Take-off was performed on runway 16L with a take-off distance of 1,717 m (47 % of the runway). Rotation occurred at 157 kt. Local weather was 12 °C, wind 3 kt from 189°, with a 1 kt crosswind and a 3 kt headwind.

Initial climb to 1,000 ft agl took 21 seconds, averaging 2,092 fpm and reaching 196 kt at the top. The climb continued from 1,346 ft asl to 34,997 ft asl in 31 minutes, covering 234 nm, beginning 1 mile south-west of SeaTac.

Level flight was maintained between 35,000 ft asl and 40,000 ft asl for 509 minutes, covering 4,416 nm, starting 12 miles east of CAL3 Douglas Lake Airport.

Descent from 39,463 ft asl to 2,780 ft asl took 23 minutes, covering 136 nm, beginning 2 miles south-west of Vseruby.

Final approach to runway 08L at Munich Airport began with a descent from 1,352 ft agl to 81 ft agl in 102 seconds. Stabilisation checks at 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway were met for gear down, landing flap, sink rate, glideslope, centreline, speed and wings level. Configuration on final was flap position 4 at 2,639 ft agl, speed 162 kt.

Landing on runway 08L (runway length 4,065 m) had a threshold height of 58 ft agl, slightly above target, and a threshold speed of 138 kt, described as good. The flare was perfect; the aircraft floated before touchdown. Touchdown occurred 618 m beyond the touchdown zone at a speed of 127 kt, rated good, with a smooth rate of -142 fpm and perfect alignment. Local weather was 3 °C, wind 1 kt from 091°, with no crosswind and a 1 kt headwind. No bounce occurred.

Total landing distance was 1,757 m (43 % of the runway) and rollout alignment was perfect.

The flight covered 4,797 nm in 572 minutes and used 60,824 kg of fuel.

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