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LIRU
Rome, Italy
Runway 34
Elevation52 ft asl
Weight943 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross

Flight Score

88.93 %
LIRU
Rome, Italy
Runway 34
Elevation52 ft asl
Weight943 kg
Fuel70 kg
Wind270° · 1 kn · 1 kn cross
24 Oct 2026 0:07 8 nm Cessna 172
Departure Score
97.76 %
Pattern Score
96.06 %
Arrival Score
72.97 %

What went well

Touchdown 242 m in — inside the full-score zone
Airborne in 440 m — 53 % of the runway
Held the centreline on the roll — 1.05 m off at liftoff

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Landing distance 770 m at 32 %, Runway alignment max 14.24 m right at 63 %, −3.93 points
Firm touchdown — 479 fpm, −2.42 points across the landing and the touchdown
  • Arrival Touchdown · sink rate 479 fpm−1.62
  • Arrival Landing · flare: the descent was not taken out−0.73
  • Arrival Touchdown · 1.58 G at contact−0.08
Arrival Landing — Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target at 54 %, bank angle up to 16.5 ° at 62 %, −1.51 points

Next time

Departure

Hold the nose down until the speed reaches 63 kt, then rotate.

What happened: You started the rotation at 47 kt, 16 kt before the 63 kt rotation speed.

Watch for: Airspeed indicator: 63 kt at rotation

See Departure Roll

Arrival

Begin the flare with progressive back pressure and keep it coming until the sink is arrested, rather than flying it on flat.

What happened: The nose was barely raised in the flare and little of the sink was taken out, flying the aircraft onto the runway. This pattern usually carries through to a firm touchdown with a noticeable sink rate.

Watch for: Vertical speed indicator: a smoothly reducing sink through the normal flare band, not a steady rate into the runway.

See Arrival LandingArrival Touchdown

Ground control varies with speed, full authority at walking pace, progressively reducing as groundspeed rises. The aircraft becomes twitchy at any speed, every small pedal input swings the nose, which can encourage large-amplitude leg inputs that no real aircraft would accept.

Read more in How to Taxi Anywhere

Start to finish · 16 stages, 14 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 93.28Departure roll runway 34 at LIRU Rome Urbe Airport. Takeoff distance 440 m 53 % of runway. Rotation speed was 47 kt. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 269 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 440 m53 % of runway
66 % Rotation speed was 47 ktTarget 63 kt
100 % Runway alignment max 1.05 m right0.86 m left to 1.05 m right 0.81 -1.05 m
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.96 g min to max 1.04 g 1.00 1.04 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.8 ° min to max 7.3 ° 1.8 7.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 2.4 ° 0.0 2.4 °

Events

Info Battery Master On 3 ft agl
Info Engine 1 Started 3 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Navigation Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3 ft agl
Info Autopilot Avionics Managed Activated 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 1 3 ft agl
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 3 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 3 ft agl
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 34 LIRU Rome Urbe Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.1 ° 0.1 -0.3 °
100 % Average speed 71 kt67 kt min to max 72 kt 67 72 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.7 °0.8 ° min to max 3.9 ° 2.4 0.8 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g1.02 g min to max 1.11 g 1.04 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 632 fpm318 fpm min to max 865 fpm 318 865 fpm
Info Average altitude 13 ft agl-1 ft agl min to max 37 ft agl -1 37 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.0 °7.3 ° min to max 12.9 ° 7.3 12.9 °
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 34 LIRU Rome Urbe Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 72 kt71 kt min to max 72 kt 72 71 kt
100 % Average bank angle 2.7 °0.9 ° min to max 4.9 ° 0.9 4.9 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g1.02 g min to max 1.02 g 1.02 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 973 fpm870 fpm min to max 1,060 fpm 870 1,060 fpm
Info Average altitude 52 ft agl38 ft agl min to max 67 ft agl 38 67 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 13.6 °12.9 ° min to max 14.2 ° 12.9 14.2 °
Pattern Entry 100.00Left hand pattern entry from runway 34 LIRU Rome Urbe Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 52 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 76 kt68 kt min to max 89 kt 71 89 kt
100 % Average bank angle 7.4 °0.1 ° min to max 34.6 ° 5.0 23.6 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.81 g min to max 1.19 g 1.02 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 913 fpm-130 fpm min to max 1,654 fpm 1,065 -130 fpm
Info Average altitude 387 ft agl68 ft agl min to max 824 ft agl 68 823 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 11.1 °2.4 ° min to max 17.4 ° 14.2 2.4 °
Pattern Crosswind 93.02Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 34 LIRU Rome Urbe Airport. Distance was less than 1 nm in 20 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
84 % Heading 7.3 °-16.9 ° min to max 17.9 ° 17.9 -16.9 °
100 % Average speed 97 kt91 kt min to max 102 kt 91 102 kt
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.87 g min to max 1.22 g 1.20 1.07 g
Info Average VSI 222 fpm-491 fpm min to max 666 fpm -158 -491 fpm
Info Average altitude 875 ft agl819 ft agl min to max 920 ft agl 820 907 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 12.2 °0.3 ° min to max 32.0 ° 19.9 31.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.8 °-0.7 ° min to max 7.6 ° 4.5 -0.7 °
Pattern Downwind Turn 100.00Pattern Downwind Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to the runway's far end 49.7 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 106 kt104 kt min to max 107 kt 104 107 kt
100 % Average bank angle 26.5 °24.8 ° min to max 28.7 ° 28.7 27.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.15 g1.11 g min to max 1.28 g 1.24 1.12 g
Info Average VSI -113 fpm-570 fpm min to max 110 fpm -570 110 fpm
Info Average altitude 884 ft agl881 ft agl min to max 898 ft agl 898 884 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °0.4 ° min to max 3.2 ° 0.4 3.2 °
Pattern Downwind 93.46Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was less than 1 nm in 25 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
78 % Heading 8.3 °1.3 ° min to max 12.9 ° 12.9 12.2 °
100 % Average altitude 949 ft agl886 ft agl min to max 1,005 ft agl 886 1,005 ft agl
100 % Average speed 100 kt93 kt min to max 107 kt 107 93 kt
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.86 g min to max 1.16 g 1.12 1.02 g
Info Average VSI 293 fpm130 fpm min to max 489 fpm 130 379 fpm
Info Average bank angle 5.5 °0.6 ° min to max 28.6 ° 28.2 2.2 °
Info Average pitch angle 4.1 °2.6 ° min to max 5.7 ° 3.3 5.3 °
Pattern Base Leg Turn 91.88Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 66.8 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
73 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 66.8 °.
100 % Average speed 96 kt85 kt min to max 102 kt 92 85 kt
100 % Average bank angle 6.0 °0.0 ° min to max 25.3 ° 0.8 8.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.79 g min to max 1.29 g 0.97 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -165 fpm-1,098 fpm min to max 464 fpm 464 -175 fpm
Info Average altitude 917 ft agl760 ft agl min to max 1,030 ft agl 1,020 778 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.4 °-3.7 ° min to max 6.7 ° 4.9 2.7 °
Pattern Base Leg 94.07Pattern Base Leg. Distance was 1 nm in 50 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
87 % Heading 7.0 °-13.1 ° min to max 18.4 ° 18.4 -13.1 °
100 % Average speed 75 kt68 kt min to max 85 kt 85 68 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.93 g min to max 1.10 g 0.98 1.05 g
Info Average VSI -221 fpm-444 fpm min to max 86 fpm -181 -308 fpm
Info Average altitude 691 ft agl584 ft agl min to max 765 ft agl 765 584 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 3.8 °0.1 ° min to max 19.9 ° 6.6 19.9 °
Info Average pitch angle 3.6 °1.6 ° min to max 5.7 ° 2.0 5.1 °
Pattern Final Turn 100.00Pattern Final Turn. Distance was less than 1 nm in 23 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 69 kt67 kt min to max 72 kt 68 68 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.2 °0.2 ° min to max 31.5 ° 22.1 0.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.97 g min to max 1.15 g 1.06 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -375 fpm-788 fpm min to max -172 fpm -297 -275 fpm
Info Average altitude 486 ft agl422 ft agl min to max 579 ft agl 579 422 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.9 °1.2 ° min to max 5.1 ° 5.1 4.3 °
Arrival Approach Final approach to runway 34 at LIRU Rome Urbe Airport. Descent from 563 ft agl to 88 ft agl in 88 seconds. Not scored on a circuit: the stabilisation gate is shown for reference.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Gear downpassed
0 % Landing flapfailed
100 % Sink ratepassed
100 % On glideslopepassed
0 % On centrelinefailed
100 % On speedpassed
100 % Wings levelpassed

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 192 ft agl · 75 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 105 ft agl · 77 kt
Arrival Landing 73.16Landing on runway 34 at LIRU Rome Urbe Airport, runway length 837 m. Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target. Threshold speed was good at 66 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was good at 66 kt. Target 63 kt
54 % Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target.Target 45 ft agl
65 % The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 242 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.
72 % Runway alignment max 21.35 m left21.35 m left to 13.50 m right 21.34 -13.50 m
62 % Average bank angle 7.8 °0.0 ° min to max 16.5 ° 15.3 4.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.89 g min to max 1.10 g 0.90 1.06 g
Info Average speed 64 kt61 kt min to max 66 kt 66 61 kt
Info Average VSI -644 fpm-785 fpm min to max -343 fpm -343 -514 fpm
Info Average altitude 36 ft agl-2 ft agl min to max 72 ft agl 72 -2 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.5 °-1.5 ° min to max 2.7 ° -0.2 2.7 °
07515022501429435772Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-18-15-12-9-6-30369121518Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 70.90Touchdown distance was good at 241 m. Touchdown speed at 61 kt was good. Touchdown rate was hard at -479 fpm. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 15.8 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 15 °C. Wind 1 kt at 270 °. Crosswind: 1 kt Headwind: 0 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
3 % Touchdown rate was -479 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 242 mTarget 431 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 61 ktTarget below 62 kt
57 % Runway alignment max 15.76 m right14.76 m right -13.50 -15.76 m
55 % Average bank angle 3.6 °0.5 ° min to max 5.7 ° 4.6 5.7 °
81 % Average g force 1.22 g1.06 g min to max 1.58 g 1.06 1.15 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 60 kt58 kt min to max 61 kt 61 58 kt
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.8 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.7 -1.8 °
Arrival Rollout 52.79Total landing distance 770 m, 92 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
32 % Landing distance 770 m92 % of runway.
63 % Runway alignment max 14.24 m right10.13 m left to 14.24 m right -14.24 -0.42 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.13 g 1.12 1.00 g
Info Average speed 46 kt34 kt min to max 64 kt 64 34 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °-1.9 ° min to max 4.0 ° -1.9 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.7 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 5.6 0.5 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 20 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 31 kt25 kt min to max 34 kt 34 25 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.3 °2.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.2 2.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.8 ° 0.6 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.01 g 0.99 1.00 g
Arrival Taxi 95.05Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 16 kt0 kt min to max 25 kt 25 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 11 ktmax 12 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle 1.8 °-0.1 ° min to max 2.6 ° 2.2 2.3 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 1.0 ° 0.1 0.1 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights
Info Parking Brake On 3 ft agl

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Rotated at 47 kt, 16 kt below the 63 kt target, and lifted off at 66 kt 4.7 s later, the nose coming up at 0.7° a second.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The dashed green line is the speed to rotate at for this aircraft at its weight, and the green dot is where the nose started to come up. The figures at liftoff are the pitch then and how fast the nose came up, in degrees a second.

90 kt6030020°10°0°ROTATELIFTOFFtarget 636.4° off · 0.7°/s13° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH01020 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchRotation speed targetRotation began

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 0 kt 2.2° 0 s
Rotate205 m · target 63 47 kt 3.2° 11.1 s
Liftoff359 m · +19 kt from rotation 66 kt 6.4° 15.8 s
35 ft594 m · 6.0 s after liftoff 72 kt 12.9° 21.9 s
End of the climb671 m · 66 ft 71 kt 14.2° 23.8 s

Takeoff from LIRU 34

Takeoff roll100.00
440m53 %
Rotation speed66.38
47kttarget 63, 16 slow
Liftoff speed
66kt
Runway alignment100.00
1.05m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
631fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 66 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 205 m of runway left.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END3040KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLRotate 47 kttarget 63Liftoff 66 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 837 m runway.

Rolled from 38 m in, never more than 0.9 m off the centreline. Airborne 47 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length.

100200300400500600700800THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓75 %widest 0.87 m LROLL 38 M INAirborne 398 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 398 m of 837 m · 48 %
Behind the start of the roll, 38 mTakeoff roll, 359 m Left ahead, 439 m

The circuit to LIRU 34

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 1 nm out at 99 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING1234crosswinddownwindbase90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 500 ft35°129°225°332°4distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
803 ft
Bank
35°
Speed
82 kt

Off heading: 7° from the leg's heading on average.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Onto downwind
Bank
29°
Height
949 ft on 1,000 ft
Speed
100 kt
Out
1.3 nm 1 suits 99 kt

Off heading: 8° from the leg's heading on average.

Spacing cues are relative to your eyepoint, so two simmers with different FOV settings following the same wingtip cue fly patterns half a mile different in width, and a wide FOV compresses depth so the runway on base looks further away than it is, biasing you towards a late turn. Pick a camera position and FOV, save it, and never change it, because every judgement you calibrate is calibrated to that picture.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
67° target 45°
Bank
25°
Height
1,009 ft

Early: turned base with the threshold 67° behind, against 45°.

Base. Turn 90 degrees towards the runway when the threshold sits about 45 degrees behind your shoulder. Descend at around 80 kt with second-stage flap. The geometry of that 45-degree cue isn't arbitrary. It produces a base leg long enough to lose roughly 500 ft at about 500 fpm before the final turn. Once you know that's what the cue is for, you can derive your own turn point for any aircraft and any speed.

Read more in Pattern Work
4Final turn
Bank
32°
Overshoot
35 m none
Speed
69 kt

Good: full marks on the turn.

Entry100Crosswind93Turn onto downwind100Downwind93Base turn92Base94Final turn100

The approach to LIRU 34

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 1.8 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 120 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND438319209
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 419 m left of the centreline at 1.8 nm, then 35 m right of it from 0.4 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND297 m L127 m L10 m L
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 32 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 19 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band all the way, between +3 kt and +9 kt on the approach speed of 63 kt.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

6080100120 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 63+5 kt+5 kt+7 kt+3 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on LIRU 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height54.13
71ft
Threshold speed100.00
65kttarget 63, 2 fast
Centreline offset71.53
21.35m L

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
242m
Centreline56.74
15.76m R
Speed100.00
61kttarget 62 or less
Touchdown rate2.96
-479fpm
Impact81.14
1.58G
BouncesOk
None
The flare65.06

The flare wandered off the target profile. The aircraft was flown onto the runway - pitch changed 1.4° and the descent was barely arrested. Touchdown was 242 m past the threshold. Start the flare with progressive back pressure rather than one pull, and keep it coming.

The crosswind

No crosswind: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 5° left of the track, 5° of bank.

Wind 270° at 1 kt · 0 kt head · 0 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 68 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 28 s, an average deceleration of 0.07 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608060 kt · 39 m30 kt · 622 mtouchdown647 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 837 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 71 ft, 21 ft above the 50 ft target; began the flare at 30 ft. Touched down 242 m in, 63 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 837 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

71 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 Flare 30 ft · −660 fpm · 1.5° · 64 ktdescent slowed at 1 ft · −478 fpm · 2.7°−478 fpm · 2.7° nose up · 61 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 71 ft, down at 242 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 660 fpm at the flare to 480 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 1.3° on the way down.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,000−2°4°10°flaredescent slowedtouchdown−478 fpm at touchdown2.7° at touchdown, +1.3° from the flare
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 837 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 16 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 4.6 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 474 M 242 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 242 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 478 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 750 m of 837 m · 90 %
In the air over the runway, 242 mRollout, 509 m Left over, 87 m
Rollout distance40.79
509m90 % used
Rollout alignment63.10
14.24m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The Cessna 172 departed from runway 34 at LIRU Rome Urbe Airport. Take-off distance was 440 m, 53 % of the runway, and rotation occurred at 47 kt. Local weather was 15 °C with wind 1 kt from 269°, giving a 1 kt cross-wind and no head-wind.

The aircraft climbed to 400 ft agl in 5 seconds, averaging 700 fpm and reaching 71 kt at the top of the initial climb. The left-hand circuit for runway 34 lasted 4 minutes. The downwind leg was less than 1 nm, flown in 25 seconds at 960 ft agl, and the base leg was 1 nm, flown in 50 seconds.

During final approach to runway 34, descent was from 563 ft agl to 88 ft agl in 88 seconds. At 500 ft above the runway the stabilisation checks were: gear down, sink rate, on glideslope, on speed, wings level - all met; landing flap and centreline - not met. The aircraft was configured with flap position 2 at 105 ft agl, speed 77 kt.

Landing was made on runway 34, whose length is 837 m. Threshold height at 72 ft agl was well above target and threshold speed was good at 66 kt. The flare was described as good, with little round-out. Touchdown occurred 241 m from the threshold at 61 kt, a good distance, but with a hard rate of -479 fpm. The touchdown point was significantly misaligned, 15.8 m from the centreline. No bounce occurred. Total landing distance was 770 m, 92 % of the runway, and rollout alignment was slightly misaligned by 14.2 m from the centreline.

After landing, the aircraft taxied to parking in 1 minute, covering less than 1 nm. The total flight covered 8 nm in 7 minutes and used 0 kg of fuel.

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