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LIPB
Bolzano (BZ), Italy
Runway 01
Elevation778 ft asl
Weight4,419 kg
Fuel875 kg
Wind320° · 3 kn · 2 kn cross

Flight Score

96.40 %
LIRJ
Marina Di Campo, Italy
Runway 34
Elevation20 ft asl
Weight4,121 kg
Fuel562 kg
Wind183° · 5 kn · 2 kn cross
10 Feb 2026 0:53 250 nm Cockspur PH100 313 kg
Departure Score
97.57 %
Enroute Score
100.00 %
Arrival Score
91.64 %

What went well

Touched down at -235 fpm — a soft arrival
Touchdown 236 m in — inside the full-score zone
Threshold crossed at 11 ft and 91 kt — both inside band

What held you back

Arrival Rollout — Runway alignment max 17.85 m right at 46 %, −1.01 points
Arrival Final 2 — GPWS warning; Approach angle 3.9 ° at 38 %, −0.78 points
Departure Climb 3 — bank angle up to 15.9 ° at 63 %, −0.49 points

Next time

Departure

Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.

What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 5°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.

Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.

See Departure Climb 3

Preparing for a stable approach will give you time to decide on whether to attempt the landing or going around. Too much altitude with a high sink rate will result in carrying too much speed onto the runway. Configuring flaps and the gear late also won't help the speed decay.

Read more in The Stabilised Approach

Start to finish · 17 stages, 16 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Taxi 95.80Taxiing from the parking to the runway took 5 minutes and covered 2 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
90 % Average speed 24 kt0 kt min to max 32 kt 0 3 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 9 ktmax 11 kt 0 3 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.02 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-1.1 ° min to max -0.5 ° -0.7 -0.6 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.0 °

Events

Info Engine 1 Started 4 ft agl
Info Beacon Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Flaps Position 2 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 4 ft agl
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl
Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl
Info Landing Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 12 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 12 kt
Departure Roll 99.38Departure roll runway 01 at LIPB Bolzano Airport. Takeoff distance 566 m 46 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 104 kt. Local weather - Temperature 11 °C. Wind 4 kt at 320 °. Crosswind: 3 kt Headwind: 2 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 566 m46 % of runway
100 % Liftoff speed was 104 ktTarget 108 kt
97 % Runway alignment max 3.90 m left3.90 m left to 0.00 m left 1.40 2.21 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.96 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.08 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 0.0 °-1.2 ° min to max 3.9 ° -1.1 3.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °

Events

Info Parking Brake Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt
Departure Climb 1 100.00Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation -0.0 °-0.2 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.2 0.1 °
100 % Average speed 110 kt104 kt min to max 114 kt 104 114 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.4 °0.0 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.4 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.07 g0.99 g min to max 1.14 g 1.08 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 625 fpm341 fpm min to max 794 fpm 341 794 fpm
Info Average altitude 21 ft agl1 ft agl min to max 50 ft agl 1 50 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.3 °4.0 ° min to max 7.0 ° 4.0 7.0 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 52 ft agl · 116 kt
Departure Climb 2 100.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.2 °0.1 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.1 0.4 °
100 % Average speed 117 kt114 kt min to max 122 kt 114 122 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 1.5 ° 0.4 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.04 g0.98 g min to max 1.10 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,047 fpm798 fpm min to max 2,369 fpm 798 2,369 fpm
Info Average altitude 96 ft agl51 ft agl min to max 365 ft agl 51 365 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.3 °7.0 ° min to max 13.8 ° 7.0 13.8 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 182 ft agl · 123 kt
Departure Climb 3 92.69Departure climb to 1,000 ft agl from 01 LIPB Bolzano Airport.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Heading variation 0.1 °-0.5 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.4 -0.5 °
100 % Average speed 119 kt116 kt min to max 122 kt 122 116 kt
63 % Average bank angle 5.0 °1.2 ° min to max 15.9 ° 2.0 15.9 °
100 % Average g force 0.97 g0.90 g min to max 1.04 g 1.04 0.96 g
100 % Landing gear up
Info Average VSI 2,723 fpm2,424 fpm min to max 2,996 fpm 2,444 2,424 fpm
Info Average altitude 713 ft agl406 ft agl min to max 1,005 ft agl 406 1,005 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 15.5 °14.3 ° min to max 16.8 ° 14.5 14.3 °

Events

Info Flaps Fully Retracted 497 ft agl · 124 kt
Enroute Climb 100.00Enroute climb started overhead Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). Climbing from 1,827 ft asl to 35,662 ft asl, an increase of 33,834 ft in 20 minutes and covering 85 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 161 kt115 kt min to max 201 kt 116 179 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.3 °0.0 ° min to max 36.7 ° 18.6 0.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.01 g0.77 g min to max 1.25 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI 1,885 fpm-2 fpm min to max 4,017 fpm 2,352 26 fpm
Info Average altitude 15,222 ft asl1,827 ft asl min to max 35,662 ft asl 1,827 35,662 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle 6.8 °0.3 ° min to max 18.0 ° 14.2 0.3 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Activated 1,152 ft agl · 121 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 1,275 ft agl · 128 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched On 3,976 ft agl · 141 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 5,442 ft agl · 176 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 5,675 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 5,525 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 5,595 ft agl · 178 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Activated 8,080 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Deactivated 8,080 ft agl · 181 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 14,184 ft agl · 232 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 35,407 ft agl · 282 kt
Enroute Level 100.00Enroute level cruise started overhead Bagnolo San Vito (Lombardia, Italy) and lasted 11 minutes, covering 73 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Altitude held within ±2,283 ft of 35,724 ft asl35,666 ft asl min to max 35,771 ft asl 35,666 35,769 ft asl
100 % Average speed 206 kt182 kt min to max 212 kt 182 212 kt
100 % Average bank angle 0.2 °0.0 ° min to max 1.4 ° 0.2 0.0 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.92 g min to max 1.06 g 1.00 1.01 g
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0
Info Average pitch angle -0.2 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.4 ° 0.3 -0.3 °
Enroute Descent 100.00Enroute descent started 3 miles north east of Lucca (Toscana, Italy). Descent from 35,769 ft asl to 1,102 ft asl, a decrease of 34,668 ft in 14 minutes and covering 85 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 237 kt135 kt min to max 274 kt 212 135 kt
100 % Average bank angle 10.7 °0.0 ° min to max 31.8 ° 1.1 5.6 °
100 % Average g force 1.03 g0.85 g min to max 1.28 g 0.99 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -2,117 fpm-3,072 fpm min to max 2,610 fpm 1 -492 fpm
Info Average altitude 10,293 ft asl747 ft asl min to max 35,779 ft asl 35,769 1,102 ft asl
Info Average pitch angle -4.5 °-7.8 ° min to max 9.5 ° -0.4 0.5 °
Info Turn coordination 00 min to max 0 0 0

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 934 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Deactivated 34,911 ft agl · 383 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Activated 34,911 ft agl · 383 kt
Info Autopilot Nav1 Lock Deactivated 18,562 ft agl · 351 kt
Info Autopilot Heading Hold Activated 18,562 ft agl · 351 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched On 14,755 ft agl · 328 kt
Info Autopilot Altitude Hold Activated 1,182 ft agl · 253 kt
Info Autopilot Glideslope Active Deactivated 1,182 ft agl · 253 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 810 ft agl · 250 kt
Info Autopilot Master Switched Off 752 ft agl · 193 kt
Info Landing Gear Down 989 ft agl · 166 kt
Info Flaps Position 1 1,211 ft agl · 138 kt
Info Flaps Position 2 1,194 ft agl · 138 kt
Arrival Final 4 95.73Approaching runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport from 4 nm to 3 nm. Descent from 1,076 ft agl to 949 ft agl. A decrease of 126 ft in 22 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 2.8 °2.6 ° min to max 3.0 °Target 3.0 ° 2.6 3.0 °
100 % Average speed 127 kt118 kt min to max 134 kt 134 118 kt
97 % Heading variation 1.0 °0.1 ° min to max 2.4 ° 2.4 0.1 °
80 % Average bank angle 5.2 °1.6 ° min to max 10.4 ° 8.7 2.3 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.92 g min to max 1.09 g 1.03 0.98 g
Info Average VSI -348 fpm-696 fpm min to max -61 fpm -409 -61 fpm
Info Average altitude 1,017 ft agl949 ft agl min to max 1,076 ft agl 1,076 949 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 0.3 °-1.6 ° min to max 1.8 ° 0.7 1.2 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 1,078 ft agl · 131 kt
Info Autopilot Yaw Damper Deactivated 1,016 ft agl · 127 kt
33.253.53.7548509009501,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001,450Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft33.253.53.754-420-315-210-1050105210315420Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 3 98.78Approaching runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport from 3 nm to 2 nm. Descent from 948 ft agl to 779 ft agl. A decrease of 169 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
96 % Approach angle 3.3 °3.0 ° min to max 3.6 °Target 3.0 ° 3.0 3.6 °
100 % Average speed 105 kt97 kt min to max 117 kt 117 97 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.2 °-0.3 ° min to max 0.0 ° 0.0 -0.2 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.6 °0.0 ° min to max 2.9 ° 0.9 1.0 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.05 g 1.01 0.95 g
Info Average VSI -310 fpm-514 fpm min to max -78 fpm -86 -260 fpm
Info Average altitude 867 ft agl779 ft agl min to max 948 ft agl 948 779 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 1.1 °-0.2 ° min to max 2.1 ° 1.4 1.0 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated 893 ft agl · 106 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 964 ft agl · 116 kt
22.252.52.7537007508008509009501,0001,0501,100Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft22.252.52.753-80-60-40-20020406080Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 2 81.37Approaching runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 773 ft agl to 424 ft agl. A decrease of 349 ft in 31 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
38 % Approach angle 3.9 °3.7 ° min to max 4.0 °Target 3.0 ° 3.7 3.9 °
100 % Average speed 104 kt96 kt min to max 110 kt 97 109 kt
100 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.2 ° min to max -0.0 ° -0.2 -0.1 °
100 % Average bank angle 1.2 °0.1 ° min to max 2.8 ° 0.5 1.1 °
100 % Average g force 0.99 g0.92 g min to max 1.03 g 0.98 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -650 fpm-988 fpm min to max -321 fpm -321 -972 fpm
Info Average altitude 629 ft agl424 ft agl min to max 773 ft agl 773 424 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-3.4 ° min to max 0.9 ° 0.9 -3.3 °

Events

Fail GPWS Warning Activated still on from Arrival Final 3 893 ft agl · 106 kt
Fail GPWS Warning Activated 581 ft agl · 110 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 594 ft agl · 110 kt
Info GPWS Warning Deactivated 540 ft agl · 111 kt
11.251.51.752350400450500550600650700750Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 95.26Approaching runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 408 ft agl to 12 ft agl. A decrease of 395 ft in 27 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
86 % Approach angle 1.5 °0.5 ° min to max 3.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.8 0.7 °
100 % Average speed 98 kt91 kt min to max 109 kt 109 91 kt
97 % Heading variation -0.1 °-0.6 ° min to max 0.1 ° -0.1 -0.6 °
94 % Average bank angle 2.3 °0.0 ° min to max 5.6 ° 0.0 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g0.91 g min to max 1.24 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average VSI -673 fpm-1,196 fpm min to max -46 fpm -970 -46 fpm
Info Average altitude 68 ft agl10 ft agl min to max 408 ft agl 408 12 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle -0.1 °-4.8 ° min to max 4.3 ° -3.4 3.5 °
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-40-30-20-10010203040Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 94.81Landing on runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport, runway length 952 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed was slightly below target at 91 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Threshold speed was slightly below target at 91 kt. Target 98 kt
100 % Good threshold height.Target 50 ft agl
95 % Great landing flare
62 % Runway alignment max 0.44 m right0.18 m right to 0.44 m right -0.18 -0.44 m
99 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.4 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.4 1.7 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.88 g min to max 1.15 g 0.99 1.03 g
Info Average speed 87 kt84 kt min to max 91 kt 91 84 kt
Info Average VSI -56 fpm-138 fpm min to max 6 fpm -38 -138 fpm
Info Average altitude 9 ft agl5 ft agl min to max 11 ft agl 11 5 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 3.3 °2.6 ° min to max 4.9 ° 3.3 2.8 °
07515022501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075150225-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 91.45Touchdown distance was good at 235 m. Touchdown speed at 84 kt was good. Touchdown rate was smooth at -138 fpm. Runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 18.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 13 °C. Wind 5 kt at 180 °. Crosswind: 2 kt Tailwind: 5 kt.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
99 % Touchdown rate was -138 fpm.
100 % Touchdown distance was 236 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 84 ktTarget below 96 kt
45 % Runway alignment max 18.09 m right18.03 m right -17.97 -17.93 m
100 % Average bank angle 0.7 °0.1 ° min to max 1.7 ° 1.7 0.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.14 g1.03 g min to max 1.24 g 1.03 1.04 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 83 kt83 kt min to max 84 kt 84 83 kt
Info Average pitch angle 2.0 °1.4 ° min to max 2.8 ° 2.8 1.4 °
Arrival Rollout 75.73Total landing distance 634 m, 67 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 17.8 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 634 m67 % of runway.
46 % Runway alignment max 17.85 m right3.64 m left to 17.85 m right -17.85 2.12 m
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.06 g 1.06 1.01 g
Info Average speed 82 kt45 kt min to max 88 kt 88 45 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.4 ° min to max 1.2 ° 1.2 -0.9 °
Info Average bank angle 0.3 °0.0 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.5 0.0 °
Runway Exit Exiting runway, average speed 16 kt
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
Info Average speed 19 kt4 kt min to max 45 kt 45 4 kt
Info Average pitch angle -0.9 °-1.7 ° min to max -0.6 ° -0.9 -1.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.2 0.1 °
Info Average g force 1.00 g0.98 g min to max 1.02 g 0.99 1.00 g

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 4 ft agl · 34 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 4 ft agl · 32 kt
Info Landing Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched On 4 ft agl · 5 kt
Info Strobe Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 8 kt
Arrival Taxi 100.00Taxiing to the parking from the runway took 1 minutes and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 5 kt0 kt min to max 7 kt 4 0 kt
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 ktmax 0 kt 0 0 kt
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.99 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 1.00 g
Info Average pitch angle -0.8 °-0.9 ° min to max -0.7 ° -0.9 -0.7 °
Info Average bank angle 0.1 °0.0 ° min to max 0.2 ° 0.0 0.2 °

Events

Info Parking Brake On 4 ft agl · 1 kt
Info Taxi Lights Switched Off 4 ft agl · 2 kt

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 104 kt with 3.3° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.

150 kt10050020°10°0°LIFTOFF3.3° off7° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitchClimb 3

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 11 kt -1.1° 0 s
80 kt359 m 80 kt -0.4° 14.9 s
Liftoff634 m · target 108 104 kt 3.3° 20.6 s
35 ft869 m · 4.2 s after liftoff 113 kt 7.0° 24.9 s
End of Climb 32,453 m · 1,005 ft 116 kt 14.3° 50.8 s

Takeoff from LIPB 01

Taxi lightsOk
Set
Takeoff roll100.00
858m70 %
Liftoff speed100.00
104kttarget 108, 4 slow
Runway alignment96.88
3.90m L
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb100.00
625fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,005 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 453 m of runway left; then climbing at 2,000 fpm on average to 1,005 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.

1,250 ft625 ft0CLIMB 3THRESHOLDRUNWAY END6080KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 104 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runwayClimb 3

Plan view the roll down the 1,228 m runway.

Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 3.9 m at the widest, and lifted off 2.7 m left. Airborne 43 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,000THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 3.89 m LAirborne 539 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 539 m of 1,228 m · 44 %
Takeoff roll, 539 m Left ahead, 688 m

The stabilisation gates

Two stabilised approach gates, each with seven checks, where the approach path is 1,000 ft and 500 ft above the runway.

Seven checks, two gates1,000 ft 500 ft
Gear down
Landing flap
Sink rate
On glideslope
On centreline
On speed
Wings level

When the approach was stable

Every check met from 1.7 nm, about 740 ft above the runway, to the threshold, after the 1,000 ft gate and before the 500 ft gate. The last to settle was the speed.

How to read this

Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.

Gear downLanding flapSink rateOn glideslopeOn centrelineOn speedWings levelAll checks4 nm321THR
Check metNot metStabilisation gate

The approach to LIRJ 34

The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 170 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND1,1457974882241,000 ft gate7 of 7996 ft · 126 kt500 ft gate7 of 7707 ft · 102 kt
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height thereStabilisation gate

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 436 m left of the centreline, then inside the band from 3.3 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND436 m L17 m R2 m R1 m L60 m L4 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 52 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 31 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.

Inside the speed band from 4 nm to 1.9 nm, then slow to 1.7 nm (up to −7 kt), then inside the band to the threshold.

How to read this

Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.

100120140160 kt4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRAPPROACH SPEED 103+32 kt−5 kt+7 kt+3 kt−12 kt
Your airspeedApproach speedWhat the gates allowOutside the bandStabilisation gate

Landing and touchdown on LIRJ 34

Over the threshold

Threshold height100.00
11ft
Threshold speed100.00
91kttarget 103, 12 slow
Centreline offset62.40
0.44m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
236m
Centreline45.18
18.09m R
Speed100.00
83kttarget 100 or less
Touchdown rate98.70
-235fpm
Impact100.00
1.24G
BouncesOk
None
The flare94.67

Great landing flare

The crosswind

Little crosswind (1 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 10° left of the track, wings level.

Wind 183° at 5 kt · 4 kt tail · 1 kt across

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

The stop

From 89 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 19 s, an average deceleration of 0.16 g.

How to read this

Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.

02040608010060 kt · 326 m30 kt · 563 mtouchdown585 mkt
Your ground speed60 kt and taxi speed

Side view — the last 952 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 11 ft, 39 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 236 m in, 69 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 952 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

11 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −235 fpm · 2.8° nose up · 84 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 11 ft, down at 236 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink went from 70 fpm at 9 ft to 70 fpm at 9 ft, then back up to 240 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−235 fpm at touchdown2.8° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the full 952 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 18 m right of the centreline, and steered back to 2.5 m left by the end of the rollout.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ CROSS 1 kn FULL SCORE TO 503 M 236 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 236 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.

Runway used 609 m of 952 m · 64 %
In the air over the runway, 236 mRollout, 373 m Left over, 344 m
Rollout distance100.00
373m64 % used
Rollout alignment46.06
17.85m R

The rest of the report

Explore in detail

Flight narrative

The flight began with the aircraft, a Cockspur PH100, taxiing from the parking area to the runway at LIPB Bolzano Airport. This process took 5 minutes and covered a distance of 2 nautical miles. The departure roll took place on runway 01, and the takeoff distance was 566 meters, which accounted for 46% of the runway. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 104 knots.

As the aircraft climbed to a higher altitude, it encountered local weather conditions with a temperature of 11°C and a wind speed of 4 knots at 320°. The crosswind was 3 knots, and the headwind was 2 knots. The enroute climb started overhead Bolzano, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy, and the aircraft ascended from 1,827 feet above sea level to 35,662 feet above sea level, an increase of 33,834 feet in 20 minutes, covering a distance of 85 nautical miles.

The enroute level cruise began overhead Bagnolo San Vito, Lombardia, Italy, and lasted for 11 minutes, covering a distance of 73 nautical miles. The enroute descent started 3 miles northeast of Lucca, Toscana, Italy, and the aircraft descended from 35,769 feet above sea level to 1,102 feet above sea level, a decrease of 34,668 feet in 14 minutes, covering a distance of 85 nautical miles.

The final approach to runway 34 at LIRJ Marina Di Campo Airport was made from the south, heading 353.0° at 4 nautical miles and 1,076 feet above ground level. The landing took place on runway 34, which had a length of 952 meters. The threshold height was good, and the threshold speed was slightly below the target at 91 knots. The touchdown distance was good at 233 meters, and the touchdown speed was 84 knots, which was good. The touchdown rate was smooth at -138 feet per minute.

The runway touchdown position was significantly misaligned by 18.1 meters from the centreline, and the local weather conditions at the time of landing were a temperature of 13°C and a wind speed of 5 knots at 180°. The crosswind was 2 knots, and the tailwind was 5 knots. The total landing distance was 634 meters, which accounted for 67% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was misaligned by 17.8 meters from the centreline.

The taxiing from the runway to the parking area took 1 minute and covered less than 1 nautical mile. The total flight distance was 250 nautical miles, and the flight duration was 53 minutes. The aircraft used 313 kilograms of fuel during the flight.

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