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KVGT
Las Vegas, United States
Runway 30L
Elevation2,205 ft asl
Weight2,263 kg
Fuel269 kg
Wind225° · 3 kn · 3 kn cross

Flight Score

79.95 %
KVGT
Las Vegas, United States
Runway 30L
Elevation2,205 ft asl
Weight2,256 kg
Fuel265 kg
11 May 2023 0:06 7 nm North American T-6 Texan 5 kg
Departure Score
86.48 %
Pattern Score
77.45 %
Arrival Score
75.92 %

What went well

Touchdown 120 m in — inside the full-score zone
Rollout controlled — 23 % of the runway used
Airborne in 568 m — 37 % of the runway

What held you back

Pattern Crosswind — Heading -49.0 ° at 0 %, g force 0.46 to 1.58 g at 81 %, −3.91 points
Departure Roll — landing lights off should be on, then strobe light off should be on; Runway alignment max 104.89 m at 0 %, Liftoff speed was 71 kn at 75 %, −2.78 points
Pattern Base Leg Turn — Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.5 ° at 0 %, −2.62 points
Arrival Touchdown — bank angle up to 3.4 ° at 0 %, Touchdown VSI was -420 ft/m at 61 %, −1.12 points

Next time

Shorten the long landing

See Arrival Touchdown

Ground effect becomes significant below about one wingspan of height. A Cessna 172, with a 36 ft span, enters ground effect at flare height - the float it feels in the hold-off is ground effect arriving on cue. An A320, with a span around 117 ft, has been in ground effect since before the threshold and there is no sudden cushion to feel, only a gradual reduction in induced drag that lengthens any float you allow.

Read more in Flare Timing

Start to finish · 13 stages, 13 in the score

The flight story

Departure One segment per stage, in flight order — colour is the score band. Drag the bar to move along the flight, or click a stage card to open its detail. Arrival
Departure Roll 74.95Departure roll runway 30L at KVGT North Las Vegas. Takeoff distance 0 m 0 % of runway. Liftoff speed was 71 kn. Local weather - Temperature 29 °C. Wind 3 kn at 225 °. Crosswind: 3 kn Headwind: 0 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Takeoff distance 0 m0 % of runway
75 % Liftoff speed was 71 knTarget 85 kn
0 % Runway alignment max 104.89 m38.42 m left to 66.46 m right -66.46 -1.48 m
100 % Average g force 0.96 g0.93 g min to max 1.00 g 1.00 0.98 g
100 % Takeoff Bounce
Info Average pitch angle 9.4 °5.2 ° min to max 13.1 ° 12.7 5.2 °
Info Average bank angle 0.5 °0.0 ° min to max 2.5 ° 0.0 0.9 °

Events

Fail Landing Lights OFF should be ON
Fail Strobe Light OFF should be ON
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 5 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Parking Brake On 5 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 11 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 5 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Parking Brake Off 5 ft agl · 4 kt
Info Flaps Fully Retracted 5 ft agl · 3 kt
Departure Climb 1 94.49Departure climb to 50 ft agl from runway 30L KVGT North Las Vegas.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
85 % Heading variation 1.7 °0.2 ° min to max 2.3 ° 0.2 2.3 °
100 % Average speed 81 kn71 kn min to max 90 kn 71 90 kn
93 % Average bank angle 2.8 °0.0 ° min to max 4.7 ° 0.8 3.7 °
100 % Average g force 1.00 g0.88 g min to max 1.21 g 0.97 0.96 g
Info Average VSI 421 ft/m314 ft/m min to max 560 ft/m 373 334 ft/m
Info Average altitude 25 ft agl0 ft agl min to max 51 ft agl 0 51 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °4.5 ° min to max 9.0 ° 5.2 5.5 °
Departure Climb 2 90.00Departure climb to 400 ft agl from 30L KVGT North Las Vegas.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Average speed 97 kn90 kn min to max 105 kn 90 103 kn
100 % Average bank angle 1.8 °0.0 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.5 1.4 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.77 g min to max 1.15 g 0.97 1.09 g
Info Average VSI 567 ft/m328 ft/m min to max 1,709 ft/m 332 1,709 ft/m
Info Average altitude 89 ft agl35 ft agl min to max 439 ft agl 35 439 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 6.7 °5.5 ° min to max 12.6 ° 5.5 12.6 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Up 188 ft agl · 109 kt
Pattern Entry 90.87Left hand pattern entry from runway 30L KVGT North Las Vegas. Distance was less than 1 nm in 7 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Climb speed 103 kn102 kn min to max 105 knTarget 110 kn 102 105 kn
86 % Average bank angle 34.5 °5.0 ° min to max 46.0 ° 5.0 46.0 °
87 % Average g force 1.16 g0.80 g min to max 1.48 g 1.01 1.48 g
Info Average VSI 1,297 ft/m896 ft/m min to max 1,880 ft/m 1,880 1,048 ft/m
Info Average altitude 548 ft agl471 ft agl min to max 622 ft agl 471 622 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 8.9 °7.0 ° min to max 12.8 ° 12.8 8.9 °
Pattern Crosswind 53.11Left hand pattern crosswind from runway 30L KVGT North Las Vegas. Distance was less than 1 nm in 19 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Heading -49.0 °-72.7 ° min to max 10.9 ° 10.9 -72.2 °
100 % Average speed 111 kn104 kn min to max 116 kn 106 116 kn
81 % Average g force 1.16 g0.46 g min to max 1.58 g 1.51 0.81 g
Info Average VSI 884 ft/m-194 ft/m min to max 1,950 ft/m 1,145 202 ft/m
Info Average altitude 781 ft agl642 ft agl min to max 913 ft agl 642 911 ft agl
Info Average bank angle 23.2 °1.0 ° min to max 51.3 ° 46.7 2.0 °
Info Average pitch angle 6.1 °0.3 ° min to max 12.0 ° 9.5 0.3 °
Pattern Downwind 97.28Pattern Downwind Leg. Distance was 3 nm in 118 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
97 % Heading 5.5 °-18.9 ° min to max 18.2 ° 18.2 -18.9 °
100 % Average altitude 1,044 ft agl545 ft agl min to max 1,401 ft agl 904 545 ft agl
100 % Average speed 92 kn73 kn min to max 129 kn 119 73 kn
83 % Average g force 1.00 g0.45 g min to max 1.45 g 0.91 1.01 g
Info Average VSI -195 ft/m-1,314 ft/m min to max 2,874 ft/m -213 -567 ft/m
Info Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 16.8 ° 1.3 16.8 °
Info Average pitch angle 1.2 °-5.5 ° min to max 14.9 ° -0.4 0.1 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 1 1,410 ft agl · 113 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 1,418 ft agl · 110 kt
Pattern Base Leg Turn 68.54Pattern Base Leg Turn. Distance was 2 nm. Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.5 °.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Angle to runway (45 degrees) 6.5 °.
100 % Average speed 78 kn72 kn min to max 84 kn 73 81 kn
97 % Average bank angle 8.3 °0.0 ° min to max 32.6 ° 17.9 8.2 °
95 % Average g force 1.03 g0.89 g min to max 1.34 g 1.03 1.02 g
Info Average VSI -147 ft/m-1,541 ft/m min to max 566 ft/m -618 -319 ft/m
Info Average altitude 334 ft agl249 ft agl min to max 534 ft agl 534 344 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.4 °-6.2 ° min to max 6.3 ° -0.2 0.4 °

Events

Info Landing Gear Down 322 ft agl · 84 kt
Arrival Final 2 98.78Approaching runway 30L at KVGT North Las Vegas from 2 nm to 1 nm. Descent from 338 ft agl to 349 ft agl. A decrease of 11 ft in 6 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Approach angle 3.1 °2.9 ° min to max 3.5 °Target 3.0 ° 2.9 3.5 °
100 % Average speed 84 kn82 kn min to max 87 kn 82 87 kn
100 % Heading variation 0.6 °0.5 ° min to max 0.7 ° 0.5 0.7 °
94 % Average bank angle 1.1 °0.1 ° min to max 4.3 ° 4.3 1.2 °
100 % Average g force 1.05 g1.00 g min to max 1.08 g 1.00 1.06 g
Info Average VSI -24 ft/m-316 ft/m min to max 409 ft/m -316 409 ft/m
Info Average altitude 337 ft agl331 ft agl min to max 349 ft agl 338 349 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.8 °0.3 ° min to max 5.5 ° 0.3 5.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 3 433 ft agl · 94 kt
11.251.51.752300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft11.251.51.752-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Final 1 67.13Approaching runway 30L at KVGT North Las Vegas from 1 nm to 0 nm. Descent from 359 ft agl to -13 ft agl. A decrease of 371 ft in 38 seconds.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
0 % Approach angle 1.8 °1.0 ° min to max 4.8 °Target 3.0 ° 3.7 1.0 °
100 % Average speed 71 kn68 kn min to max 86 kn 86 69 kn
60 % Heading variation -0.6 °-1.3 ° min to max 0.5 ° 0.5 -0.5 °
76 % Average bank angle 2.2 °0.0 ° min to max 11.1 ° 1.0 1.5 °
100 % Average g force 1.02 g0.82 g min to max 1.21 g 1.01 0.99 g
Info Average VSI -438 ft/m-1,641 ft/m min to max 556 ft/m 521 -274 ft/m
Info Average altitude 54 ft agl-13 ft agl min to max 392 ft agl 359 -13 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.5 °-6.2 ° min to max 7.8 ° 6.5 3.5 °

Events

Info Flaps Position 2 469 ft agl · 93 kt
Info Flaps Position 3 473 ft agl · 91 kt
Info Flaps Position 4 469 ft agl · 92 kt
00.250.50.751050100150200250300350400Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Height ft00.250.50.751-60-45-30-15015304560Distance to Touchdown NMApproach Runway Alignment m
Arrival Landing 60.92Landing on runway 30L at KVGT North Las Vegas, runway length 1,525 m. Good threshold height. Threshold speed at 69 kn was well below target, take care not to stall.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
59 % Threshold speed at 69 kn was well below target, take care not to stall. Target 90 kn
68 % Landing and flare profile
89 % Heading variation -0.5 °-0.5 ° min to max -0.4 ° -0.5 -0.4 °
96 % Average bank angle 2.4 °1.5 ° min to max 3.5 ° 1.5 3.5 °
100 % Average g force 0.98 g0.94 g min to max 1.08 g 0.98 1.08 g
Info Average speed 67 kn65 kn min to max 69 kn 69 65 kn
Info Average VSI -356 ft/m-434 ft/m min to max -274 ft/m -274 -428 ft/m
Info Average altitude 0 ft agl-11 ft agl min to max 10 ft agl 10 -11 ft agl
Info Average pitch angle 2.9 °2.6 ° min to max 3.5 ° 3.4 3.5 °
07501123344657Runway Distance mLanding Height ft075-15-12-9-6-303691215Runway Distance mRunway Width m
Arrival Touchdown 79.89Touchdown distance was good at 113 m. Touchdown speed at 65 kn was a little fast. Touchdown rate was hard at -420 ft/m. Runway touchdown position was misaligned by 10.1 m from centreline. Local weather - Temperature 29 °C. Wind 8 kn at 243 °. Crosswind: 7 kn Headwind: 3 kn.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
61 % Touchdown VSI was -420 ft/m.
100 % Touchdown distance was 113 mTarget 457 m
100 % Speed at touchdown 65 knTarget 70 kn
71 % Runway alignment max 15.07 m5.07 m right -10.06 5.01 m
0 % Average bank angle 2.0 °0.0 ° min to max 3.4 ° 3.4 2.6 °
81 % Average g force 1.03 g0.55 g min to max 1.58 g 1.09 0.55 g
100 % Landing Bounce
Info Average speed 60 kn53 kn min to max 65 kn 65 53 kn
Info Average pitch angle 8.1 °1.3 ° min to max 15.7 ° 3.7 1.3 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 7 ft agl · 59 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 15 ft agl · 58 kt
Arrival Rollout 53.57Total landing distance 554 m, 36 % of runway. Runway rollout alignment was excessively misaligned by 62.2 m from centreline.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
100 % Landing distance 554 m36 % of runway.
0 % Runway alignment max 62.21 m62.21 m left to 0.00 m left 6.71 62.21 m
86 % Average g force 1.03 g0.98 g min to max 1.50 g 1.50 0.99 g
Info Average speed 42 kn31 kn min to max 52 kn 52 31 kn
Info Average pitch angle 11.7 °6.2 ° min to max 13.4 ° 6.2 12.6 °
Info Average bank angle 2.0 °0.5 ° min to max 4.0 ° 0.5 1.1 °

Events

Info Stall Warning Activated 5 ft agl · 50 kt
Info Stall Warning Deactivated 5 ft agl · 46 kt
Arrival Taxi 95.20Taxiing to the parking from the runway took less than 1 minute. and covered less than 1 nm.
ScoreDescriptionStartProfileEnd
88 % Average speed 18 kn8 kn min to max 27 kn 27 8 kn
100 % Average speed turning corners 0 knmax 0 kn 0 0 kn
100 % Average g force 1.03 g1.01 g min to max 1.03 g 1.01 1.03 g
Info Average pitch angle 12.1 °12.0 ° min to max 12.3 ° 12.3 12.0 °
Info Average bank angle 0.4 °0.1 ° min to max 0.6 ° 0.1 0.6 °

Events

Fail Taxi Light OFF should be ON

Speed and pitch

From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.

Lifted off at 71 kt with 5.2° of pitch.

How to read this

Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then.

120 kt8040020°10°0°LIFTOFF5.2° off6° at 35 ftAIRSPEEDPITCH02040 sfrom brake release
AirspeedPitch

The takeoff, point by point

PointSpeedPitchTime
Brake release0 m 21 kt 12.7° 0 s
Liftoff459 m 71 kt 5.2° 19.0 s
35 ft681 m · 5.3 s after liftoff 82 kt 6.3° 24.3 s
End of the climb2,047 m · 456 ft 103 kt 12.6° 51.0 s

Takeoff from KVGT 30L

Takeoff roll100.00
568m37 %
Liftoff speed74.77
71kt
Runway alignment0.00
66.46m R
Bounce on takeoffOk
None
Rate of climb94.49
420fpm

Side view from the start of the roll to 456 ft.

Reached 35 ft with 732 m of runway left; then climbing at 850 fpm on average to 456 ft.

How to read this

The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length.

500 ft250 ft0THRESHOLDRUNWAY END30405060KNOTS ALONG THE ROLLLiftoff 71 kt
On the runwayClimbingLast quarter of the runway

Plan view the roll down the 1,525 m runway.

Rolled from 112 m in, drifted 38 m left of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 37 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.

How to read this

The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.

5001,0001,500THRESHOLDLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓CROSS2 kn75 %widest 38.46 m LROLL 112 M INAirborne 571 m from the threshold
Your trackRunway used in the rollCentreline75 %: lift off before it for full marks
Runway to liftoff 571 m of 1,525 m · 37 %
Behind the start of the roll, 112 mTakeoff roll, 459 m Left ahead, 954 m

The circuit to KVGT 30L

Left-hand, 1,000 ft circuit height. The plan shows your circuit over a textbook one for this runway; the profile unrolls the same path from liftoff to the threshold.

Plan landing direction to the left; in pale blue the textbook circuit for your downwind speed, 0.8 nm out at 80 kt

How to read this

The lap from above, with the landing direction to the left: the opposite of the runway drawings. The wide pale-blue line is a textbook circuit for your downwind speed - the downwind a mile out for every 100 kt, every turn at 30° of bank - and your track is drawn over it, each leg in the colour of its mark. The numbers are the four turns, the same as on the profile and the cards below. The 45° line from the threshold is the usual point to turn onto base.

45° to the thresholdTHRLANDING13crosswinddownwind90+75-89under 75not a circuit legtextbook circuit

Around the circuit height and bank; the turns are shaded

How to read this

The same lap straightened out, so the height and the bank can be read together. Each shaded stretch is a turn, numbered as on the plan. The green box is circuit height, 1,000 ft, on the downwind. The amber line is 30° of bank, and a turn's steepest bank shows red above 32°. "Turn crosswind from" is the lowest height to start the first turn at.

05001,0001,5000°30°HEIGHT ftBANKcircuit height 1,000 ftturn crosswind from 700 ft47°133°3distance flown →
HeightBankA turnCircuit height ±50 ft30° of bank
1Crosswind turn
Turned at
622 ft
Bank
47°
Speed
105 kt

Rough: the G force varied more than a smooth turn and leg would.

Each lap slightly wider and higher than the last, because you're unconsciously using the previous lap as your reference instead of the runway and the numbers. Invisible lap to lap, unmistakable across ten. This is the failure that only measurement catches, because your memory of lap three is gone by lap eight.

Read more in Pattern Work
2Downwind
Height
1,044 ft
Speed
92 kt
Out
0.8 nm 0.8 suits 80 kt

Rough: the G force varied more than a smooth turn and leg would.

Spacing cues are relative to your eyepoint, so two simmers with different FOV settings following the same wingtip cue fly patterns half a mile different in width, and a wide FOV compresses depth so the runway on base looks further away than it is, biasing you towards a late turn. Pick a camera position and FOV, save it, and never change it, because every judgement you calibrate is calibrated to that picture.

Read more in Pattern Work
3Base turn
Angle
6° target 45°
Bank
33°
Height
534 ft

Lost marks: scored 69.

Entry91Crosswind53Downwind97Base turn69

The approach to KVGT 30L

The final from 4 nm.

Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.

Inside the glideslope band from 2.5 nm, where the final began, to the threshold, never more than 590 ft below the slope.

How to read this

Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.

5001,0001,5002,0002,500 ft4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHRON SLOPE1,3301,0106903703° GLIDESLOPE · 2° BAND310385357270
GlideslopeAllowed bandYou, inside the bandYou, outside itYour height there

Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.

Joined 935 m left of the centreline at 2.5 nm, then inside it from 1.1 to 0.6 nm, then 50 m right of it from 0.6 nm to the threshold.

How to read this

Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.

4 nm3 nm2 nm1 nmTHR305 m L0305 m RLEFT ↑RIGHT ↓1° BAND416 m L225 m L24 m L40 m R
Extended centreline1° either sideYour trackOutside the band

Landing and touchdown on KVGT 30L

Over the threshold

Threshold height22.87
10ft
Threshold speed59.26
69kt
Centreline offset88.57
0.16m R

Touchdown

Past threshold100.00
120m
Centreline70.52
10.06m R
Speed100.00
64kt
Touchdown rate61.02
-420fpm
Impact81.14
1.58G
BouncesOk
None
The crosswind

No wind recorded: nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 7° left of the track, 3° of bank.

How to read this

The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.

Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.

Crossed the threshold at 10 ft, 40 ft below the 50 ft target. Touched down 120 m in, 185 m short of the ideal 305 m.

How to read this

The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.

10 ft over the threshold · target 50 ft FLARE NORMALLY STARTS 11–45 FT 80 ft400 −420 fpm · 3.5° nose up · 65 kt Ideal — 50 ft, down at 305 m This flight — 10 ft, down at 120 m

Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.

The sink grew from 320 fpm at 26 ft to 420 fpm at touchdown. The pitch barely changed.

How to read this

Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.

SINK RATE FPM · 0 IS LEVEL, LOWER IS COMING DOWN FASTERPITCH · HIGHER IS NOSE UP0−500−1,0000°5°10°touchdown−420 fpm at touchdown3.5° at touchdown
Sink ratePitchFlare began, descent slowedTouchdown

Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 1,525 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.

Touched down 5 m left of the centreline and drifted to 10 m right on the rollout, back to 4.8 m left by the end.

How to read this

The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended.

5001,0001,500 THRESHOLD LEFT ↑ RIGHT ↓ FULL SCORE TO 503 M 120 m past threshold ROLLOUT ENDED
Your trackTouchdownRolloutCentreline

The 120 m touchdown sits inside the full-score zone. The 420 fpm arrival was firm.

Runway used 351 m of 1,525 m · 23 %
In the air over the runway, 120 mRollout, 232 m Left over, 1,174 m
Rollout distance100.00
232m23 % used
Rollout alignment0.00
62.21m L

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