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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Work on the flare
See Arrival Landing
High on final, the pilot dives to the aim point, converting altitude directly into airspeed, and arrives on-glideslope but 15 knots fast. The vertical profile looks fine; the speed trace does not. It is one of the reasons the stabilised-approach concept - configured, on speed, on path by a gate, commonly 1,000 ft in IMC and 500 ft in VMC - checks speed and path together, and why the tolerances airlines use are asymmetric, typically allowing more on the fast side than the slow, because slow kills faster than fast.
Read more in VRef ExplainedStart to finish · 20 stages, 18 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 69 kt with 9.7° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 1,037 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 253 m of runway left; then climbing at 970 fpm on average to 1,037 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.
Rolled from 159 m in, drifted 1.7 m right of the centreline and was back on it to lift off. Airborne 54 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
The final from 4 nm.
Profile height against the 3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
Inside the glideslope band from 4 nm to the threshold, never more than 90 ft above the slope.
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3° here, which is about 320 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 50 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 13× larger than distances along the final.
Inside the 1° band all the way from 4 nm, never more than 30 m off the centreline.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 78 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 48 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band all the way, between +8 kt and +19 kt on the approach speed of 70 kt.
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 3° right of the track, wings level.
Wind 110° at 8 kt · 7 kt tail · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
From 59 kt at touchdown to taxi speed (30 kt) in 8 s, an average deceleration of 0.24 g.
Your ground speed from the moment the wheels touched until you were down to taxi speed, against the distance rolled. A steep line is hard braking, a shallow one a long, gentle roll. For scale, an airliner's lowest autobrake setting decelerates at about 0.15 g, a medium one about 0.3 g. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,524 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 64 ft, 14 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 905 m in, 601 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,524 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
The sink went from 350 fpm at 61 ft to 90 fpm at touchdown. The nose came up 8.0° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,524 m of the 2,376 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 5.2 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.4 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 905 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The arrival was smooth.
The rest of the report
The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft departed from runway 21 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport. The takeoff distance was 210 meters, which accounted for 31% of the runway. The aircraft lifted off at a speed of 70 knots. The local weather conditions at the time of departure were characterized by a temperature of 21 degrees Celsius, with a wind speed of 8 knots blowing from 188 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 3 knots and a headwind of 7 knots.
As the aircraft began its enroute climb, it started at an altitude of 1,154 feet above sea level, approximately 1 mile southwest of LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport. The climb was steep, with the aircraft reaching an altitude of 1,212 feet in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. This initial climb phase was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 5 minutes and covered a distance of 4 nautical miles.
The aircraft then began another climb phase, this time from 1 mile southwest of Medicina-Buda airport. The climb was more substantial, with the aircraft rising from 1,294 feet to 11,029 feet in 18 minutes, covering a distance of 35 nautical miles. This climb phase was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 20 minutes and covered a distance of 44 nautical miles.
As the aircraft continued its journey, it began a descent phase from 10,780 feet to 3,535 feet in 11 minutes, covering a distance of 26 nautical miles. This descent phase was followed by a level cruise, which lasted for 9 minutes and covered a distance of 7 nautical miles. The aircraft then began another descent phase, this time from 2,539 feet to 1,350 feet in 3 minutes, covering a distance of 4 nautical miles.
The final approach to runway 31 at LIPR Federico Fellini International Airport was made from the south east, with the aircraft heading 307.0 degrees at a distance of 4 nautical miles and an altitude of 1,318 feet above ground level. The landing was made on runway 31, which had a length of 2,376 meters. The threshold height was above the target, and the threshold speed was too high at 84 knots.
The touchdown point was 464 meters beyond the touchdown zone, with a touchdown speed of 49 knots and a touchdown rate of -93 feet per minute, which was excellent. The runway touchdown position was slightly misaligned by 5.5 meters from the centerline. The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, with a wind speed of 8 knots blowing from 110 degrees. This resulted in a crosswind of 2 knots and a tailwind of 7 knots.
The total landing distance was 1,061 meters, which accounted for 45% of the runway. The runway rollout alignment was very good. The total flight distance was 125 nautical miles, with a total flight time of 69 minutes. The aircraft used 91 kilograms of fuel during the flight.
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