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MY FS FLIGHTS
Flight Score
Departure
Use smaller, smoother aileron inputs to hold the climb bank angle near wings-level.
What happened: During Climb 3 the bank angle averaged 3°, well beyond a steady wings-level climb.
Watch for: Attitude indicator - bank angle, keeping it close to wings-level through the climb.
Arrival
Make one smooth continuous pitch input through the flare rather than chasing the runway with the elevator.
What happened: The flare was pumped, with pitch reversing direction several times on the way down instead of one smooth input.
Watch for: Watch the pitch attitude trend through the flare, aiming for a single steady rise through 2.5° with no reversals.
See Arrival Landing
Arrive slow and the sink rate at the threshold is already above schedule, the flare is short because there is no energy to extend it, and the touchdown is hard in a way that feels exactly like a late flare. Diagnosing a slow arrival as a late flare is the catastrophic misread: you respond by flaring earlier, which bleeds more speed, which makes the next one worse. The tiebreaker is threshold speed against VRef, not feel. Never diagnose a flare without it.
Read more in Flare TimingStart to finish · 32 stages, 31 in the score
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From brake release to the end of the climb, against time, then the takeoff point by point.
Lifted off at 69 kt with 7.0° of pitch.
Two traces from brake release: the airspeed on top, and below it the pitch, which is how far the nose is above the horizon. The figure at liftoff is the pitch then. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, the part of the climb scored on holding the climb speed.
The takeoff, point by point
Side view from the start of the roll to the end of Climb 3 at 814 ft. The distance scale changes past the runway end.
Reached 35 ft with 301 m of runway left; then climbing at 950 fpm on average to 814 ft.
The takeoff from the side: the height above the runway against the distance along it. The numbers along the runway are the speeds reached at each point. Lifting off in the amber last quarter of the runway costs marks for the roll length. The shaded stretch is Climb 3, scored on its average speed against the target.
Plan view the roll down the 678 m runway.
Rolled from the start of the runway, drifted left of the centreline, 4.4 m at the widest, and lifted off 3.4 m left. Airborne 39 % of the way down the runway, before the 75 % line.
The roll from above, with your left at the top. The line is where the wheels went, and "widest" is the furthest you drifted off the centreline. Lifting off before the amber 75 % line gets full marks for the roll length. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
One stabilised approach gate: seven checks where the approach path is 500 ft above the runway. The 1,000 ft gate was not assessed, because the approach did not join final that far out.
At the 500 ft gate: gear still up, no landing flap set and centreline more than 1° off.
When the approach was stable
Never every check met at once: gear up all the way, no landing flap all the way, right of the centreline all the way, high from 1.0 nm and fast from 0.5 nm to the threshold.
Each line is one of the gate checks, run along the whole final rather than only at the gates: green where it would have passed, amber where it would not. The glideslope, centreline and speed lines use the bands in the charts beside this card. The sink rate is allowed what the glideslope needs at your ground speed plus 600 fpm, the wings 10° of bank, and the gear and flap are read from when you moved the levers. The bottom line is green where every check held at once, ignoring blips shorter than 0.2 nm, and the sentence above it says from where it held to the threshold. A ring is a stabilisation gate, where the checks in the table were taken.
The final from 4 nm, with the stabilisation gates on it.
Profile height against the 3.3° glideslope, with its 2° band in green.
On the glideslope from 1.9 nm, where the final began, to 1.0 nm, then high to the threshold (up to 280 ft over).
Your height above the runway against the distance still to go. The glideslope is the steady descent path to the aiming point, 305 m past the threshold: 3.3° here, which is about 350 ft for every nautical mile out, crossing the threshold at about 60 ft. The row under the distances is the height it puts you at. Inside the green band your path is drawn green; outside it, amber. A ring is a stabilisation gate: green when every check there passed, amber with the failed checks named beside it.
Plan distance off the extended centreline, your left at the top, with the 1° band. Sideways distances are drawn 3× larger than distances along the final.
Joined 220 m right of the centreline at 1.9 nm.
Looking down from above, flying left to right towards the runway: up the page is left of the centreline, down is right. Sideways distances are stretched so that small drifts show, so a line that looks wild here may be only a few tens of feet. The labels are how far off you were at each distance, amber when outside the band.
Speed against the approach speed. The green band runs from 5 kt slow to 38 kt fast at the 1,000 ft gate, closing to 23 at 500 ft and 10 at the threshold.
Inside the speed band from 1.9 nm, where the final began, to 0.5 nm, then fast to the threshold (up to +25 kt).
Your indicated airspeed down the final, against the approach speed for this aircraft at its landing weight. The band allows 5 kt slow and more on the fast side further out, closing as you get lower, because the speed is expected to come off on the way down. The figures are knots above (+) or below (−) the approach speed.
Over the threshold
Touchdown
Very poor landing flare
Little crosswind (2 kt): nothing to correct for. Touched down with the nose 11° left of the track, wings level.
Wind 046° at 3 kt · 1 kt head · 2 kt across
The wind is the one recorded at the landing, split along the runway (headwind or tailwind) and across it. To hold the centreline in a crosswind the nose points a little into wind - the crab - and is straightened with rudder just before the wheels touch, often with the into-wind wing lowered to stop the drift. These are the nose against the direction you were actually moving, and the wings, at the moment of touchdown. Shown for reading; not marked.
Side view — the last 1,683 m of the approach.
Crossed the threshold at 156 ft, 106 ft above the 50 ft target. Touched down 1,541 m in, 1,236 m past the ideal 305 m.
The last stretch of the approach and the touchdown, from the side. The height is stretched so that the last few feet show: 80 ft top to bottom, against 1,683 m across. The dashed line is the ideal, 50 ft over the threshold and down 305 m in. The flare ring is where you began raising the nose, and "descent slowed" is where the sink came off; the figures beside them are the sink rate, pitch and speed at that point.
Sink and pitch — through the flare, lined up with the side view.
From 108 ft the descent stopped and turned into a climb of 210 fpm before coming down at 320 fpm to touch. The nose came up 5.9° on the way down.
Lined up with the side view above, so a point on one sits under the same point of the other. On top, how fast you were coming down: 0 is level, and −600 is 600 ft a minute down. Below, the pitch. In a flare the nose comes up and the descent slows towards 0. The figure at the touchdown line is your touchdown rate.
Plan view — the first 1,683 m of the 2,403 m runway, to the same scale as the side view.
Touched down 5.8 m left of the centreline, and steered back to 0.5 m left by the end of the rollout.
The runway from above, with your left at the top. Touching down inside the green bracket scores full marks for the distance. The shaded part is the rollout, up to where it ended. The arrow beside the runway is the crosswind, pointing the way the air was moving, so it pushed the aircraft that way.
Touched down 1,541 m past the threshold — beyond the full-score zone. The 1.36 G arrival bounced 9 times.
The rest of the report
The Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft took off from runway 03 at LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni after a departure roll of 320 meters, which is 47% of the runway's length. The aircraft lifted off at a liftoff speed of 69 knots. At the time of takeoff, the local weather conditions were characterized by a temperature of 26°C, with a wind speed of 4 knots from 250°, resulting in a crosswind of 3 knots and a tailwind of 3 knots.
As the aircraft departed, it started to climb en route, beginning from 1 mile northeast of the LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport. The aircraft climbed from an altitude of 939 feet to 1,216 feet in less than 1 minute, covering a distance of less than 1 nautical mile. The flight continued with level cruise phases, with the first one starting 1 mile northeast of the LIKO Guglielmo Zamboni airport and lasting 5 minutes, covering 9 nautical miles.
The aircraft then started another en route climb, this time from 1 mile southwest of the LIHC Campo di Volo Delta club Conselice, to an altitude of 10,422 feet. The climb lasted 13 minutes and covered a distance of 8 nautical miles. Following this climb, the aircraft entered a level cruise phase, starting overhead LIVO Campo di Volo Ali Filanti Voltana, which lasted 7 minutes and covered 14 nautical miles.
Throughout the flight, the aircraft's descent phases started in various locations, with some of them beginning 1 mile south of Russi, overhead Forlì Airport, 1 mile south east of Cesena, and 1 mile west of Forlimpopoli. The descent phases resulted in altitude decreases of various magnitudes, with some of the most significant decreases being from 10,564 feet to 4,634 feet and from 4,112 feet to 2,668 feet.
The aircraft's climb phases started in different locations, with some beginning 1 mile north east of Bertinoro, 2 miles south east of Faenza, overhead Forlimpopoli, and overhead Forlimpopoli again. These climb phases resulted in significant altitude increases, with some of the most notable increases being from 939 feet to 1,216 feet and from 426 feet to 4,135 feet.
Finally, the Tecnam P2006T MKII aircraft began its final approach to runway 12 at LIPK Forlì Airport from the west. The aircraft descended to an altitude of 644 feet above ground level at a distance of 3 nautical miles from the runway threshold. Upon landing, the aircraft was found to have used more than 50% of available runway, with a touchdown point that was slightly misaligned from the centerline.
The local weather conditions at the time of landing were characterized by a temperature of 29°C and a wind speed of 3 knots from 46°, resulting in a crosswind of 3 knots and a headwind of 1 knot. The touchdown speed of 67 knots was good, and the touchdown rate of -228 feet per minute was fair. The aircraft used 1,533 meters of runway, which is 64% of the available runway length.
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